發(fā)布時間：2018-05-14 21:43

  本文選題：土地制度 + 集體經(jīng)營性建設用地　； 參考：《首都經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：改革開放至今,我國經(jīng)濟快速發(fā)展,城鎮(zhèn)建設對土地需求不斷擴大,土地配置方式從一開始的“無償劃撥”轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)今的“招、拍、掛”為主的有償出讓。黨的十八屆三中全會確定了農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)營性建設用地的流轉(zhuǎn)政策,即通過流轉(zhuǎn)逐步實現(xiàn)農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)營性建設用地市場化。本文以農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)營性建設用地市場化過程中遇到的制度性障礙為切入點,探索農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)營性建設用地市場化過程中問題的解決辦法。本文通過對我國農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)營性建設用地流轉(zhuǎn)的現(xiàn)狀分析和實地調(diào)研,歸納出我國農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)營性建設用地流轉(zhuǎn)過程存在的主要問題:一是農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)營性建設用地權屬比較分散,流轉(zhuǎn)土地規(guī)模都不大,開發(fā)利用難以形成整合效益和規(guī)模效益;二是收益分配機制不健全,流轉(zhuǎn)所得收益的分配普遍存在不公開、不公平和不統(tǒng)一現(xiàn)象,農(nóng)民對集體經(jīng)營性建設用地流轉(zhuǎn)的積極性不高;三是農(nóng)村集體作為市場主體難以適應市場要求,他們?nèi)鄙偈袌龈偁幩�需的法人地位、先進的經(jīng)營理念和科學的管理方法,農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)營性建設用地流轉(zhuǎn)難以達到預期的經(jīng)濟效益和優(yōu)化配置土地的目的;四是農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)營性建設用地市場監(jiān)管體系不完善,存在市場監(jiān)管不到位等問題。針對上面的問題,本文以市場經(jīng)濟理論和土地產(chǎn)權理論為指導深入分析其產(chǎn)生的原因,認為農(nóng)村土地制度的不完善是導致上述問題的根本原因。首先,歷史上形成的“鄉(xiāng)、村、隊,三級所有,隊為基礎”的形式,使得我國農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)營性建設用地大多分散在各村各隊,流轉(zhuǎn)也就各自為戰(zhàn),難以通過市場形成整合效益、規(guī)模效益;其次,市場交易的主體是法人和自然人,而我國農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟組織的法人地位不明確,導致農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟組織在集體建設用地流轉(zhuǎn)過程中難以適應市場的要求,在經(jīng)營管理等方面出現(xiàn)了問題;再次,歷史上土地作為生產(chǎn)資料形成的收益分配方式已經(jīng)不適應市場的要求,難于調(diào)動農(nóng)民土地流轉(zhuǎn)的積極性;最后,農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)營性建設用地市場發(fā)育的不成熟,缺少相應的監(jiān)督體系�；�于前面的分析本文提出了集體經(jīng)營性建設用地市場化的思路和建議:一是建立統(tǒng)一的以鄉(xiāng)集體經(jīng)濟組織為基礎的農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)營性建設用地所有制結構,以鄉(xiāng)級為單位科學合理的規(guī)劃鄉(xiāng)內(nèi)集體經(jīng)營性建設用地,提高農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)營性建設用地的整合效益和規(guī)模效益;二是成立集體經(jīng)濟組織的法人實體,以適應市場的要求;三是將一定期限的農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)營性建設用地的使用權財產(chǎn)性權益股份化,并以此作為收益分配的基礎,形成收益按持股比例進行分配的方式;四是在強化市場監(jiān)管等方面提出了完善集體經(jīng)營性建設用地市場監(jiān)管體系的對策建議。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the economy of our country has developed rapidly, the demand for land in urban construction has been expanding, and the way of land allocation has changed from the "free transfer" at the beginning to the current "recruiting, shooting, hanging" paid transfer. The third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee established the policy of circulation of rural collective management construction land, that is, gradually realizing the marketization of rural collective management construction land through circulation. Based on the institutional obstacles encountered in the process of marketization of rural collective management construction land, this paper explores the solutions to the problems in the process of marketization of rural collective management construction land. Based on the analysis of the current situation and field investigation of the rural collective management construction land circulation in China, The main problems in the transfer process of rural collective management construction land in China are summarized as follows: first, the ownership of rural collective management construction land is relatively scattered, the scale of land circulation is not large, and the development and utilization are difficult to form integrated benefits and scale benefits; Second, the income distribution mechanism is not perfect, the distribution of the income from the circulation is generally not open, unfair and inconsistent phenomenon, the enthusiasm of farmers to the collective operating construction land transfer is not high; Third, as the main body of the market, the rural collectives are unable to adapt to the requirements of the market. They lack the legal person status, advanced management concepts and scientific management methods required by the market competition. The circulation of rural collective management construction land is difficult to achieve the expected economic benefits and optimize the allocation of land. Fourth, the market supervision system of rural collective management construction land is not perfect, and the market supervision is not in place. In view of the above problems, this paper, guided by the theory of market economy and the theory of land property rights, deeply analyzes the causes of the above problems, and thinks that the imperfection of the rural land system is the fundamental reason leading to the above problems. First of all, the historical form of "township, village, team, three-level ownership, team-based" causes most of the rural collective management construction land in our country to be scattered in various villages and teams, so that the circulation will also go to war on its own, and it is difficult to form integrated benefits through the market. Secondly, the main body of market transaction is legal person and natural person, but the legal person status of rural collective economic organization in our country is not clear, so it is difficult for rural collective economic organization to adapt to the requirements of market in the process of collective construction land circulation. There are problems in management and management. Thirdly, the income distribution mode formed by land as a means of production in history has been unable to meet the requirements of the market, and it is difficult to mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers' land circulation. Rural collective construction land market development immature, lack of corresponding supervision system. Based on the previous analysis, this paper puts forward some ideas and suggestions for marketization of collective operating construction land. First, it is necessary to establish a unified ownership structure of rural collective operating construction land based on rural collective economic organizations. Scientific and reasonable planning of the rural collective management construction land in order to improve the integration and scale benefit of the rural collective management construction land, the second is to set up the legal entity of collective economic organization to meet the requirements of the market; Third, demutualize the property rights and interests of the rural collective operating construction land for a certain period, and take it as the basis of income distribution, and form the way of income distribution according to shareholding ratio; Fourth, it puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to perfect the market supervision system of collective management construction land in the aspects of strengthening market supervision.
【學位授予單位】：首都經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F301.3

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本文編號：1889568