發(fā)布時間：2018-05-14 08:47

  本文選題：農(nóng)民工 + 城市職工　； 參考：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：在中國舉世矚目的高速經(jīng)濟增長的"光環(huán)"背后,不斷擴大的收入差距所造成的"陰影"正在成為深刻的經(jīng)濟與社會問題,引起國際社會的廣泛關注。改革開放之前,中國有長達30年的城鄉(xiāng)勞動力市場分割。在這種二元經(jīng)濟體制下,勞動力的跨區(qū)域流動是被嚴格限制的。直到1980年中后期,制度性限制有所放松,來自農(nóng)村的勞動力逐漸開始進入城市務工。九十年代初至今,城市經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展,城市對勞動力需求大大增加,在城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的推動下,農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的大量剩余勞動力涌入城市尋找就業(yè)工作的機會。從經(jīng)濟現(xiàn)實來看,勞動力遷移不僅是中國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展過程中的典型特征,而且是中國勞動力市場的轉(zhuǎn)折性變化和結(jié)構(gòu)變化的主要來源。考察城鎮(zhèn)勞動力與遷移勞動在工資收入方面的差異,因成為理解整體收入不平等的一個重要視角,同時由于遷移勞動力主要以農(nóng)村外出勞動力為主,也因成為理解城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的一個重要視角。從西方移民流入國家的經(jīng)驗來看,流動人口通常在剛剛參與目的地勞動力市場時工資較低與當?shù)貏趧恿ο啾忍幱诹觿莸匚?然而隨著他們在目的地居住時間的增加,流動人口的工資通常能逐漸趕上當?shù)氐膭趧恿ΑＪ聦嵣?從目前我國的情況來看,農(nóng)民工與城鎮(zhèn)職工的收入差距在近幾年來一直維持在較高的水平。本文著眼于農(nóng)民工和城鎮(zhèn)職工之間存在巨大收入差距這一現(xiàn)象,試圖了解產(chǎn)生收入差距的原因,并分析這些原因在多大程度上影響著收入差距的形成,最后提出適用于縮小農(nóng)民工和城鎮(zhèn)職工收入差距的政策意見。根據(jù)以上研究目標,本文詳細介紹了關于工資及工資差異的文獻與理論,并在此基礎上分析農(nóng)民工和城鎮(zhèn)職工工資差異的形成原因。首先建立Mincer人力資本回歸模型對影響城鎮(zhèn)職工和農(nóng)民工工資的因素進行分析,在此基礎上,運用工資趨同模型、Oaxaca-Blinder分解、Brown分解及多元Logit回歸模型對工資差距進行實證分析。本研究的數(shù)據(jù)來自"中國家庭收入調(diào)查"(China Household Income Program,簡稱CHIP)在2002年、2007年和2010年實施的大規(guī)模統(tǒng)計。研究結(jié)果表明,農(nóng)民工的工資顯著小于城鎮(zhèn)職工的工資,其工資差距經(jīng)歷了先增大后減小的過程。與人力資本投資理論的發(fā)現(xiàn)一致的是,受教育年限的增加和工作經(jīng)驗的增加顯著地提高了城市職工和農(nóng)民工的工資回報,但在人力資本的個人稟賦方面,農(nóng)民工顯著小于城市職工。工資趨同模型表明,隨著農(nóng)民工在城市中工作經(jīng)驗的不斷積累,可以縮小農(nóng)民工和城市職工的工資差距。對農(nóng)民工和城鎮(zhèn)職工工資差距形成原因的分析表明,對農(nóng)民工的歧視仍然是工資差異形成的重要原因,其中對農(nóng)民工的歧視程度經(jīng)歷了一個先擴大后縮小的過程。從歧視的另一個角度及職業(yè)分割來看,農(nóng)民工即使擁有與城鎮(zhèn)職工相同的人力資本,也被排除在高收入職業(yè)之外,這也是形成工資差異的一個重要原因。針對以上結(jié)論,文章最后提出幾點有利于縮小農(nóng)民工和城鎮(zhèn)職工工資差距的政策建議。
[Abstract]:Behind the "halo" of China's high speed economic growth, the "shadow" caused by the widening income gap is becoming a profound economic and social problem, causing widespread concern in the international community. Before the reform and opening up, China had 30 years of urban and rural labor market segmentation. Under this two yuan economic system, labor force The cross regional flow is strictly limited. Until the mid and late 1980, the institutional constraints were loosened and the labor force from the rural areas began to enter the city. In the early 90s, the rapid development of the urban economy, the increasing demand for the labor force in the city, the large amount of surplus labor in agricultural production under the impetus of the income gap between urban and rural areas. In terms of economic reality, labor migration is not only a typical feature of China's economic development, but also a major source of turning and structural changes in China's labor market. The difference in wage income between urban labor and migrant labor is considered as a whole. There is an important perspective of income inequality, and the migration of labor is mainly based on rural labor force, which is also an important perspective to understand the income gap between urban and rural areas. From the experience of Western immigrants to the country, the migrant workers usually have lower wages compared with the local labor force when they have just participated in the power market of the destination. At a disadvantage, however, with the increase of their time of residence in the destination, the wage of the floating population usually gradually catches up with the local labor force. In fact, the income gap between migrant workers and urban workers has been maintained at a higher level in recent years. This article is focused on migrant workers and urban workers. There is a huge income gap between them, trying to understand the reasons for the income gap, and analyzing the extent to which the income gap is formed. Finally, the policy suggestions are put forward to reduce the income gap between migrant workers and urban workers. According to the above research goals, this paper details the salary and wages. The difference of the literature and theory, and on this basis the analysis of the causes of wage differences between migrant workers and urban workers. First, the Mincer human capital regression model is established to analyze the factors affecting the wages of urban workers and migrant workers. On this basis, the wage convergence model, Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, Brown decomposition and multiple Logit regression are used. The results of this study are based on the large-scale statistics of the China Household Income Program (CHIP) in 2002, 2007 and 2010. The results show that the wage of migrant workers is significantly smaller than the wage of urban workers, and the wage gap has increased first and then decreased. In accordance with the discovery of human capital investment theory, the increase in the number of years of education and the increase of work experience significantly increase the salary returns of urban workers and migrant workers, but in the personal endowment of human capital, the migrant workers are significantly smaller than those of urban workers. The continuous accumulation of experience can reduce the wage gap between migrant workers and urban workers. The analysis of the causes of the wage gap between migrant workers and urban workers shows that discrimination against migrant workers is still an important reason for the formation of wage differences, and the degree of discrimination against migrant workers has experienced a process of enlarging and narrowing first. In view of the angle and occupation division, even if the migrant workers have the same human capital as the urban workers, they are also excluded from the high income profession. This is also an important reason for the formation of wage differentials. In the end, the article puts forward some policy suggestions that can help to reduce the wage gap between migrant workers and urban workers.

【學位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F323.6;F249.24

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本文編號：1887173