發(fā)布時間：2018-05-13 02:01

  本文選題：分工 + 差別化�。� 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)前時值我國深化改革全面推進(jìn),經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展步入新常態(tài)的特殊時期,農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展面臨的外部環(huán)境和內(nèi)在動因正在發(fā)生深刻變化,深入探討農(nóng)業(yè)分工尤其是農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工的一般規(guī)律,對于加快農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程具有一定積極意義。本文以種植業(yè)為例對農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工差別化現(xiàn)象做出科學(xué)解釋,著重解答以下科學(xué)問題:農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工表現(xiàn)出什么樣的差別特征?經(jīng)營效益及其他因素對農(nóng)戶分工影響效應(yīng)和作用機(jī)理如何?這些因素影響下農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工差別化形成的內(nèi)在規(guī)律是什么?旨在通過對農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)分工差別化的探索,揭示農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工差別化的一般規(guī)律,進(jìn)而為促進(jìn)農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工,增進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營效益,推動農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展提供借鑒和參考。(1)本文研究的根本目的是要揭示農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工差別化影響的一般規(guī)律,主要研究內(nèi)容包括以下幾個部分:(1)農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工影響理論分析框架。主要任務(wù)是在理論借鑒和文獻(xiàn)綜述基礎(chǔ)上,建立經(jīng)營效益視角下農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工影響的理論分析框架,引導(dǎo)后續(xù)實證研究的開展。對農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工核心概念內(nèi)涵進(jìn)行界定,通過一般均衡分析法,分別分析經(jīng)營效益影響農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工的實現(xiàn)路徑以及農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工影響經(jīng)營效益的作用途徑,分別分析交易費用、交易風(fēng)險、生產(chǎn)迂回和要素資源等因素影響農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工的作用路徑,為后續(xù)實證研究的開展奠定理論基礎(chǔ)。(2)農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工演進(jìn)趨勢與發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀。主要任務(wù)是在理論分析農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工差別化影響的基礎(chǔ)上,刻畫農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工發(fā)展變化趨勢,調(diào)查反映農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工現(xiàn)狀特征。回顧農(nóng)戶分工發(fā)展歷程及不同時期生產(chǎn)分工取得的成就,進(jìn)而定量分析農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工演進(jìn)的趨勢變化。在此基礎(chǔ)上,開展農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工現(xiàn)狀調(diào)查,對農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工進(jìn)行量化與測度,進(jìn)而分析農(nóng)戶整體生產(chǎn)分工水平和細(xì)分環(huán)節(jié)分工程度上的特征表現(xiàn)。(3)農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工差別特征描述和比較。主要任務(wù)是在對農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀調(diào)查基礎(chǔ)上,通過微觀運行數(shù)據(jù)來觀察農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工的區(qū)別及特征,進(jìn)一步比較不同經(jīng)營效益農(nóng)戶分工差別。對農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工差別進(jìn)行總體描述,分別分析整體生產(chǎn)分工水平和細(xì)分環(huán)節(jié)分工程度差別的特征表現(xiàn)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,按照農(nóng)戶經(jīng)營效益水平進(jìn)行分組,比較不同經(jīng)營效益條件下農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工差別,進(jìn)而分析整體生產(chǎn)分工水平和細(xì)分環(huán)節(jié)分工程度隨經(jīng)營效益水平變化的特征。(4)農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工影響因素實證分析。主要任務(wù)是在通過微觀截面數(shù)據(jù)識別農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工差別化特征基礎(chǔ)上,運用農(nóng)戶問卷調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),實證測度分析農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工影響因素及其作用程度�；�于種植業(yè)農(nóng)戶問卷調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),建立農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工影響的實證分析模型,對實證分析方法以及使用指標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行必要解釋和說明,進(jìn)而分別實證估計經(jīng)營效益及其他因素對整體生產(chǎn)分工水平和細(xì)分環(huán)節(jié)分工程度的影響效應(yīng),并對估計結(jié)果進(jìn)行穩(wěn)健性檢驗。(5)農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工差別化影響機(jī)理解析。主要任務(wù)是實證分析經(jīng)營效益及其他因素對農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工影響效應(yīng)基礎(chǔ)上,深入分析這些影響效應(yīng)對農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工的作用機(jī)理,進(jìn)而揭示農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工差別化形成的內(nèi)在規(guī)律。先圍繞經(jīng)營效益對農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工累積影響機(jī)理展開分析,進(jìn)而分別分析交易費用、交易風(fēng)險、生產(chǎn)迂回和要素資源對農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工影響的作用機(jī)理,以及這些影響在經(jīng)營效益作用下的效應(yīng)反饋與強(qiáng)化,探討多重因素影響下農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工差別化形成過程,解析分工差別化過程中調(diào)節(jié)作用機(jī)制。(2)本文按照“科學(xué)問題識別——理論分析推演——實證分析驗證——規(guī)范分析歸納”的邏輯思路展開研究,研究結(jié)論表明:(1)分工發(fā)展總體上呈上升態(tài)勢,現(xiàn)階段農(nóng)戶會在多個環(huán)節(jié)上進(jìn)行分工。農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工發(fā)展總體上呈上升態(tài)勢,經(jīng)歷一個快速推進(jìn)到穩(wěn)步發(fā)展的過程,分工指數(shù)增長速度逐漸減慢。對545個種植業(yè)農(nóng)戶的調(diào)查統(tǒng)計結(jié)果顯示,農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工環(huán)節(jié)數(shù)量的平均值為5.05,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差為2.58,農(nóng)戶不是獨立完成整個種植生產(chǎn)流程,而是會把大部分工序環(huán)節(jié)交由其他個人或組織來代為完成,從而使整體生產(chǎn)分工達(dá)到一定水平。不過,調(diào)查中還發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)前農(nóng)戶細(xì)分環(huán)節(jié)分工程度普遍不高,不同工序環(huán)節(jié)分工程度具有一定差距,只有耕整、收獲和儲運等3個環(huán)節(jié)的分工程度均值高于2.5,說明盡管農(nóng)戶會選擇多個工序環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)行分工生產(chǎn),但是在每個工序環(huán)節(jié)上的分工并不完全,該環(huán)節(jié)上只有部分工作是由生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)組織或個人來協(xié)助完成,仍然還有大部分工作是由農(nóng)戶自己親自操作。(2)不同農(nóng)戶整體生產(chǎn)分工水平和細(xì)分環(huán)節(jié)分工程度都有明顯差別。在調(diào)查的545個種植業(yè)樣本農(nóng)戶中,不同分工環(huán)節(jié)數(shù)量農(nóng)戶的比重相差不大,在4個環(huán)節(jié)上進(jìn)行分工生產(chǎn)的農(nóng)戶比例最高,也只達(dá)到17.06%,沒有出現(xiàn)在某個特定環(huán)節(jié)數(shù)量選項上的大面積集中,說明不同農(nóng)戶根據(jù)自身情況選擇把一定數(shù)量的生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)行分工生產(chǎn),農(nóng)戶進(jìn)行分工生產(chǎn)的環(huán)節(jié)數(shù)量具有明顯差別。農(nóng)戶細(xì)分環(huán)節(jié)分工程度也表現(xiàn)出差別化特征,不同環(huán)節(jié)差別程度略有不同,耕整、播栽、儲運環(huán)節(jié)分工程度差別較為顯著,育種、施肥、灌溉、植保、除草和收獲環(huán)節(jié)分工程度略不明顯。此外,不同經(jīng)營效益農(nóng)戶整體生產(chǎn)分工水平和細(xì)分環(huán)節(jié)分工程度均有一定差別。農(nóng)戶經(jīng)營效益水平越高,分工生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)數(shù)量越多,育種、播栽、灌溉、植保、除草、儲運環(huán)節(jié)分工程度越高,收獲環(huán)節(jié)分工程度越低。而耕整和施肥環(huán)節(jié)分工程度在不同經(jīng)營效益水平上也具有一定差別。(3)經(jīng)營效益對農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工產(chǎn)生累積影響效應(yīng),兩者之間具有互動影響。聯(lián)立方程組實證估計結(jié)果顯示,經(jīng)營效益水平在1%顯著性水平下對農(nóng)戶整體生產(chǎn)分工水平的影響效應(yīng)程度達(dá)到2.747,說明農(nóng)戶在種植生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營中獲取收益的大小會影響其分工生產(chǎn)的環(huán)節(jié)數(shù)量,同時,這種影響效應(yīng)具有反饋作用,農(nóng)戶整體生產(chǎn)分工對經(jīng)營效益水平的影響系數(shù)達(dá)到0.088,且通過1%顯著性水平檢驗,表明分工環(huán)節(jié)數(shù)量增加可以帶來經(jīng)營效益水平的有效提升。綜合來看,經(jīng)營效益促進(jìn)分工環(huán)節(jié)數(shù)量提高和環(huán)節(jié)分工程度提升,分工水平提高獲取生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營收益,經(jīng)營效益增進(jìn)進(jìn)一步推動分工發(fā)展,兩者之間具有互動影響關(guān)系。此外,經(jīng)營效益水平還對育種、灌溉、植保、除草等環(huán)節(jié)分工程度具有促進(jìn)作用,影響效應(yīng)分別達(dá)到0.371、0.324、0.395和0.480,且在1%的顯著性水平下顯著。(4)多種因素會對農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工產(chǎn)生不同影響效應(yīng)。交易費用、交易風(fēng)險、生產(chǎn)迂回、要素資源等是影響農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工的主要因素,影響方向和作用程度具有一定差異。交易費用和交易風(fēng)險則會對農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工產(chǎn)生消極影響,比如,監(jiān)督難度和生產(chǎn)專用性等指標(biāo)對農(nóng)戶整體分工水平的影響系數(shù)分別是-0.257和-0.143,同時,交易費用和交易風(fēng)險還會對農(nóng)戶細(xì)分環(huán)節(jié)分工程度產(chǎn)生不同程度的負(fù)面影響。生產(chǎn)迂回與要素資源對農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工具有積極影響,例如,分工可獲取性對整體生產(chǎn)分工水平產(chǎn)生0.205的影響效應(yīng),且在5%顯著性水平下顯著,對其他細(xì)分環(huán)節(jié)分工程度均產(chǎn)生不同程度的正向影響,影響效應(yīng)介于0.142到0.317之間,且都能通過顯著性檢驗;要素稟賦和資源條件則是通過對經(jīng)營效益水平產(chǎn)生正向影響,如土壤肥力對經(jīng)營效益水平影響系數(shù)達(dá)到0.092,進(jìn)而通過經(jīng)營效益與生產(chǎn)分工互動影響作用來間接促進(jìn)農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工。(5)多重影響效應(yīng)不斷積累造成農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工差別化�；�于經(jīng)營效益對農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工的累積影響效應(yīng),生產(chǎn)分工與經(jīng)營效益之間形成一個相互影響的內(nèi)生作用系統(tǒng),交易費用及交易風(fēng)險的抑制作用和生產(chǎn)迂回與要素資源的促動作用傳遞到生產(chǎn)分工,進(jìn)而反饋作用于經(jīng)營效益,再次強(qiáng)化響應(yīng)作用于生產(chǎn)分工,在傳遞、反饋、強(qiáng)化作用機(jī)理共同影響下,農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工分化生成,經(jīng)過長時期不斷的效應(yīng)傳遞與響應(yīng)強(qiáng)化,最終形成農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工的差別化。分工差別大小取決于農(nóng)戶初始的促進(jìn)條件與抑制條件效應(yīng)之和p,以及生產(chǎn)分工反饋作用于經(jīng)營效益與經(jīng)營效益再次強(qiáng)化作用于生產(chǎn)分工的效應(yīng)之積為q,當(dāng)參數(shù)q(27)1時,農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工差別會收斂于(7)(8)p(1(10)q)1-q,q數(shù)值越大,農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工差別越明顯;當(dāng)參數(shù)q?1時,農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工差別會在初始的促進(jìn)條件與抑制條件效應(yīng)之和p的作用方向基礎(chǔ)上無限增大,呈發(fā)散狀態(tài)。(6)分工調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制作用下農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工差別得以維持相對穩(wěn)態(tài)。分位數(shù)回歸結(jié)果表明,經(jīng)營效益、交易費用、交易風(fēng)險、生產(chǎn)迂回、要素稟賦和資源條件等影響因素在不同分工水平上對農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工的效應(yīng)程度會發(fā)生改變,從而使農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工產(chǎn)生一種內(nèi)在調(diào)節(jié)作用機(jī)制。在這種分工調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制作用下,農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工差別會保持一個相對穩(wěn)定狀態(tài),分工差別不會無限擴(kuò)大。一方面,經(jīng)營效益激勵調(diào)節(jié)作用避免農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工兩極分化,把差別控制在一定限度之內(nèi),參數(shù)q值隨著分工水平向高、低兩極分化而逐漸減小,農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工總體影響效應(yīng)得以收斂;另一方面,交易費用及交易風(fēng)險的抑制調(diào)節(jié)作用和生產(chǎn)迂回與要素資源的促進(jìn)調(diào)節(jié)作用使得不同分工水平上的抑制和促進(jìn)效應(yīng)基本均衡,參數(shù)p值在不同分工水平上保持相對穩(wěn)定,可以把農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工差別維持穩(wěn)定在一定范圍之內(nèi)。(3)本文研究可能的創(chuàng)新之處是:(1)從經(jīng)營效益這個較新的切入點出發(fā)研究農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工行為。本文對已有研究成果的進(jìn)行一些突破,嘗試通過經(jīng)營效益切入研究農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工問題,在研究視角上具有一定新意。現(xiàn)有關(guān)于農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工研究成果大多是圍繞交易費用、不確定性、要素稟賦等展開,盡管這些都是影響農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工的重要因素,但是它們卻可能都只是分工的必要非充分條件,換言之,上述條件改善確有利于農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工發(fā)展,但不一定是觸發(fā)農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工的動因。以經(jīng)營效益為切入點來看待農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工,特別是考慮經(jīng)營效益與生產(chǎn)分工具有的互動影響關(guān)系,能夠觀察出與以往分析略有不同的農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工狀況。因此,本文透過經(jīng)營效益來分析農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工行為,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)一些分工現(xiàn)象背后的新規(guī)律。(2)提出農(nóng)戶分工差別會在調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制作用下保持相對穩(wěn)定的較新觀點。本文聚焦已有研究較少涉及的農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工差別化問題,認(rèn)為農(nóng)戶分工差別會在內(nèi)部調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制作用下保持相對穩(wěn)定狀態(tài),在觀點上有所創(chuàng)新。本文揭示農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)差別化形成一般機(jī)理,在實證農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工與經(jīng)營效益具有互動影響基礎(chǔ)上,發(fā)現(xiàn)諸如交易費用、交易風(fēng)險、生產(chǎn)迂回、要素稟賦、資源條件等因素對農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工產(chǎn)生的影響會通過上述兩者之間互動影響實現(xiàn)效應(yīng)反饋與響應(yīng),從而加劇不同農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工分化,經(jīng)過長期作用累積最終形成分工差別化,進(jìn)一步發(fā)現(xiàn)由于經(jīng)營效益及其他因素對不同分工水平農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工影響程度具有差異,因而農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工不會呈現(xiàn)極端的兩極分化,會在這種內(nèi)在調(diào)節(jié)作用下形成一種自我穩(wěn)定機(jī)制,使分工差別維持在相對穩(wěn)定的狀態(tài)。(3)在研究農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工差別化問題中嘗試運用新方法。本文在借鑒現(xiàn)有研究成果基礎(chǔ)上,嘗試把主成份分析、核密度估計、聯(lián)立方程組估計、分位數(shù)回歸等定量研究方法引入分析農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工差別化問題的研究中,在方法上可能具有一定新意。具體而言:一是實證分析農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工影響因素效應(yīng)過程中建立聯(lián)立方程組進(jìn)行回歸估計,實證經(jīng)營效益與農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工之間的互動影響效應(yīng),比以往研究有所新意。二是運用分位數(shù)回歸法實證影響因素對不同分工水平農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工影響效應(yīng)差異,進(jìn)而發(fā)現(xiàn)農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工差別化過程中差別能夠維持穩(wěn)態(tài)的較新觀點。三是通過主成份分析法,建立多維度指標(biāo)評價體系,量化經(jīng)營效益水平,在指標(biāo)量化上略有創(chuàng)新。
[Abstract]:At present, our country deepens the reform in an all-round way, and the economic development has entered a special period of new normality. The external environment and internal motivation of agricultural development are undergoing profound changes. The general rule of the agricultural division of labor, especially the labor division of farmers, is deeply discussed. It is of certain positive significance to speed up the process of agricultural present generation. As an example, the author makes a scientific explanation of the phenomenon of the difference in the production division of labor of farmers, and focuses on the following scientific questions: what are the characteristics of the difference in the production division of labor of farmers? How are the effect and mechanism of the operation efficiency and other factors on the labor division of the farmers? What are the internal rules of the difference in the production division of labor under the influence of these factors The purpose of this study is to provide reference and reference for promoting the division of labor, improving the efficiency of agricultural management and promoting the development of agricultural modernization. (1) the aim of this study is to reveal the difference between the differences in the production division of labor of farmers. The main research contents include the following parts: (1) the theoretical analysis framework of the influence of the production division of labor of farmers. On the basis of theoretical reference and literature review, the main task is to establish the theoretical framework of the influence of the production division of labor of farmers from the perspective of operating efficiency and guide the development of the follow-up empirical research. The connotation is defined and the method of general equilibrium analysis is used to analyze the path of the effect of operation efficiency on the realization of the labor division of the peasant household and the way of the effect of the production division of labor on the effect of the farmer's production division. The development of the research is laid on the basis of the theoretical basis. (2) the evolution trend and development status of the production division of labor of farmers. The main task is to describe the trend of the development and change of the labor division of the farmers on the basis of the theoretical analysis of the influence of the difference in the labor division of labor, and to investigate the current characteristics of the production division of labor of the farmers. The achievements made by the workers, and then the quantitative analysis of the trend of the evolution of the production division of labor of farmers. On this basis, the current survey of the labor division of labor of farmers is carried out to quantify and measure the labor division of the farmers, and then the characteristics of the level of labor division of labor and the division of labor in the subdivision are analyzed. (3) the characteristics of the differences in the production division of labor of farmers are drawn. The main task is to observe the differences and characteristics of the labor division of the farmers through the micro operation data on the basis of the survey of the current situation of the production division of labor of farmers, and to further compare the differences in the division of labor of the farmers with different operating benefits, and to make a general description of the differences in the production division of labor of the farmers, and to analyze the level of division of labor and the subdivision of the whole production division. The characteristics of the difference in the degree of division of labor. On this basis, according to the management efficiency level of farmers to group, compare the differences in the production division of labor of farmers under different operating benefits, and then analyze the characteristics of the overall production division level and the division of division of labor with the management benefit level. (4) the empirical analysis of the factors affecting the production division of labor of farmers. The main task is to use the data of farmers' questionnaire on the basis of identifying the characteristics of the difference in the production division of labor of farmers through the microscopic cross section data, and to measure and analyze the influencing factors and the degree of effect of the production division of labor of farmers. Based on the survey data of farmers' planting industry, an empirical analysis model of the influence of the labor division of the farmers is established, and the empirical analysis is made. The method and the use of the index data are explained and explained, and then the effect of operating efficiency and other factors on the overall level of division of labor and division of division of division of subdivision links is estimated respectively, and the robustness of the estimated results is tested. (5) analysis of the mechanism of the difference in the difference in the production division of labor of farmers. The main task is to analyze the operation of the empirical analysis. On the basis of the effect of benefit and other factors on the production division of labor of farmers, the mechanism of the effect of these effects on the production division of labor of farmers is deeply analyzed, and then the inherent law of the differentiation of the production division of labor is revealed. The mechanism of the effect of risk, production circuitous and factor resources on the production division of labor of farmers, and the effect feedback and strengthening of these effects under the effect of operating efficiency, discuss the forming process of the differentiation of the production division of labor under the influence of multiple factors, and analyze the regulation mechanism of the division of labor in the process of division of labor. (2) this paper is in accordance with the "identification of scientific problems" The logical thinking of theoretical analysis and inference - Empirical Analysis and validation - the logical thinking of normative analysis and induction is carried out. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the development of division of labor is on the rise in general, and at the present stage farmers will divide the division of labor in many links. The development of the labor division of farmers is on the rise in general, and has experienced a rapid progress to steady development. The growth rate of the division index gradually slowed down. The results of the survey of 545 farming households showed that the average value of the number of labor division links was 5.05, the standard deviation was 2.58. The farmers did not complete the whole production process independently, but would replace most of the processes by other individuals or organizations. The overall division of labor has reached a certain level. However, the survey also found that the division of labor in the current subdivision of farmers is generally not high, and there is a gap in the division of labor in different processes. The mean of division of labor in 3 links, such as plowing, harvesting and storage, is higher than 2.5, which means that farmers will choose a number of process links for division of labor. But the division of labor in each process is not complete, only part of the work is done by the productive service organization or individual, and most of the work is still operated by the farmers themselves. (2) there are obvious differences in the level of division of labor and the subdivision of the subdivision of the subdivision. The 545 species in the investigation are different. Among the planting sample farmers, the proportion of the number of farmers with different division of labor is not quite different. The proportion of the farmers in the 4 links is the highest and only 17.06%. There is no large area concentration on the number option of a certain link, which shows that the different farmers choose a certain number of production links according to their own circumstances. There are obvious differences in the number of labor division in the labor division. The degree of division of labor in the subdivision of peasant household also shows the characteristic of travel disintegration, and the difference in different links is slightly different. The difference in the degree of division of farming, planting, planting and transportation is very significant, and the degree of division of labor in breeding, fertilization, irrigation, plant protection, weeding and harvest is slightly not obvious. In addition, there are certain differences in the level of labor division and division of division of labor in the whole production division of farmers with different operating benefits. The higher the efficiency level of the farmers, the more the number of labor division production links, the higher the degree of division of labor in breeding, planting, irrigation, planting, planting, weeding, storage and transportation, and the lower the grade of the harvest ring division. There is also a certain difference in the level of operating efficiency. (3) the effect of operating efficiency has a cumulative effect on the labor division of farmers, and there is an interactive effect between them. The results of the empirical estimation of the simultaneous equations show that the effect of operating efficiency level on the overall level of labor division of the farmers under the 1% significant level is 2.747. The amount of income obtained in the production and operation of production will affect the number of links in the division of labor. At the same time, this effect has a feedback effect. The influence coefficient of the whole production division of labor on the management benefit level is 0.088, and through the 1% significant level test, it shows that the increase in the number of division links can bring the management benefit level. In a comprehensive view, the operation benefit promotes the increase in the number of labor division links and the degree of division of labor, the level of division of labor improves the income of production and management, and the efficiency of operation is further promoted by the development of division of labor. In addition, the management benefit is also divided into projects such as breeding, irrigation, plant protection and weeding. Degree has a promotion effect, the effect effect is 0.371,0.324,0.395 and 0.480 respectively, and under the significant level of 1%. (4) a variety of factors will have different effects on the production division of labor of farmers. Transaction cost, transaction risk, production circuitous, factor resources, etc. are the main factors affecting the production division of labor of farmers, the influence direction and the degree of action have a great effect. There are certain differences. Transaction costs and transaction risks will have a negative impact on the labor division of farmers. For example, the influence coefficient of supervision difficulty and production specificity on the overall level of labor division of farmers is -0.257 and -0.143 respectively. At the same time, the transaction cost and transaction risk will have different degrees of negative effect on the division of labor in the subdivision of farmers. The effect of production roundabout and factor resources has a positive impact on the production division of labor of farmers. For example, the division of labor has a 0.205 effect on the overall production division level, and it has a significant positive effect on the degree of division of labor of other segments at the 5% significant level, and the effect is between 0.142 and 0.317. And all can pass the significance test; the factor endowment and the resource condition have a positive effect on the management benefit level, such as the influence coefficient of soil fertility on the management benefit level reaches 0.092, and then indirectly promotes the production division of labor by the interaction effect of operation benefit and production division. (5) the multiple effect effect accumulates continuously. Based on the cumulative effect of production division on the production division of farmers, based on the cumulative effect of operating efficiency on the production division of labor of farmers, the production division of labor and operational benefits form an interdependent system of endogenous interaction, the inhibition of transaction costs and transaction risks, and the promotion of production circuitous and factor resources to the production division, and then the feedback effect Under the influence of the production division of labor again, under the influence of transfer, feedback, and strengthening mechanism, the division of labor of farmers is differentiated and formed, after a long period of continuous effect transmission and response, the difference in the labor division of farmers is formed. The difference of division of labor depends on the initial conditions and restraining bars of the farmers. The effect of part effect and P, as well as the effect of production division feedback on business efficiency and operating efficiency, is Q. When the parameter q (27) 1, the difference of farmer's production division will converge to (7) (8) P (1 (10) q) 1-Q, the greater the Q value, the more obvious the difference in the labor division of the peasant households; when the parameter Q 1, the difference of the labor division of labor in the peasant household will be in the difference. The initial promotion conditions and inhibition conditions effect and the effect of P on the basis of the direction of infinite increase, showing a divergent state. (6) the labor division of labor under the role of division of labor to maintain a relative steady state. Quantile regression results show that operating benefits, transaction costs, transaction risks, production circuitous, factor endowment and resource conditions. The effect of factors on the production division of labor of farmers in different levels of labor will change, which makes the labor division of farmers produce an internal regulation mechanism. Under this mechanism of division of labor, the difference of labor division of labor of farmers will maintain a relatively stable state, and the difference in division of labor will not expand indefinitely. On the one hand, the operation benefit is excited. The incentive regulation avoids the polarization of the labor division of farmers, and controls the difference within a certain limit. The Q value decreases with the level of division of labor to the high and the low polarization, and the overall effect of the production division of labor is convergent; on the other hand, the restraining effect of the transaction cost and the transaction wind insurance and the production circuitous and essential resources The inhibition and promotion effect on the different levels of division of labor is basically balanced, and the P values of the parameters remain relatively stable at different levels of labor division, and the differences in the labor division can be maintained within a certain range. (3) the possible innovations in this paper are as follows: (1) from the new entry point of operating efficiency, the study of Agriculture In this paper, we made some breakthroughs in the existing research results, and tried to study the division of labor among farmers through operational benefits.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F325.15
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本文編號：1881135