發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-09 09:37

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：我國普惠金觸發(fā)展程度及促進(jìn)政策研究　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 普惠金融 層次分析法 金融知識(shí)教育 隨機(jī)對(duì)照試驗(yàn) 促進(jìn)政策

【摘要】：所有人都應(yīng)該擁有公平的機(jī)會(huì)享受正規(guī)金融體系提供的服務(wù)。然而,據(jù)世界銀行的統(tǒng)計(jì),到2012年為止,發(fā)展中國家只有三分之一的居民在正規(guī)金融機(jī)構(gòu)有一定形式的資金儲(chǔ)蓄。然而窮人更需要多樣化的金融產(chǎn)品來積累財(cái)富、平滑消費(fèi)、降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、適當(dāng)?shù)剡M(jìn)行投資。同時(shí),窮人的主要雇主中小企業(yè)也需要交易型產(chǎn)品來最優(yōu)化財(cái)務(wù)管理,降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。2005年聯(lián)合國倡導(dǎo)建立普惠金融體系,普惠金融在世界各國得到快速推進(jìn)和廣泛研究。我國引入普惠金融的概念相對(duì)較晚,但在實(shí)踐方面,根據(jù)世界銀行的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù),我國普惠金融的發(fā)展水平高于世界平均水平,有些領(lǐng)域甚至高于發(fā)達(dá)國家水平。雖然我國的金融改革和發(fā)展取得了顯著成效,但在普惠金融發(fā)展的政策環(huán)境、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、金融知識(shí)教育、金融消費(fèi)者保護(hù)等方面還存在著問題。如何衡量普惠金融發(fā)展程度、選擇什么模式、通過什么途徑、政府擔(dān)當(dāng)什么角色、如何制定有效的政策促進(jìn)普惠金融發(fā)展,這些都是急需解決的問題。這也為本文的研究提供了廣闊的空間。首先,本文運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)資料閱讀方法對(duì)普惠金融的基本概念和理論、國內(nèi)外最新研究進(jìn)展進(jìn)行梳理,為文章提供了理論支撐。通過分析各國政府在普惠金融發(fā)展實(shí)踐過程中的功能定位,結(jié)合我國的具體情況指出,我國發(fā)展普惠金融應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持“政府引導(dǎo),市場主導(dǎo)”的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,并了解了我國政府從政策環(huán)境支持、促進(jìn)市場交易量、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)等方面積極推進(jìn)普惠金融發(fā)展的狀況。通過實(shí)地考察調(diào)研方法,對(duì)我國普惠金融的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)、傳遞渠道的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和存在的問題做了全面的了解。然后從金融服務(wù)的可獲得性、使用情況和服務(wù)質(zhì)量三個(gè)維度構(gòu)建了普惠金融指標(biāo)體系,運(yùn)用層次分析法確定指標(biāo)權(quán)重建立了普惠金融發(fā)展程度指數(shù),并用我國31個(gè)省區(qū)市2006—2014年的面板數(shù)據(jù)分析了三個(gè)維度指標(biāo)時(shí)間序列上的變化情況,比較了不同地區(qū)普惠金融的發(fā)展動(dòng)態(tài)差異。從研究結(jié)果來看,我國普惠金融發(fā)展已經(jīng)取得較好的成績,整體水平有較大提高,金融覆蓋面大大提高,產(chǎn)品種類豐富多樣。而從地區(qū)差別來看,我國各地區(qū)普惠金融發(fā)展水平不平衡,上海、北京、天津普惠金融發(fā)展程度較高,而新疆、青海、西藏普惠金融發(fā)展程度較低,且基本與我國各省區(qū)市經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平差異相吻合。從東中西三個(gè)地區(qū)來看,東部地區(qū)普惠金融發(fā)展水平較高,中部地區(qū)適中,而西部地區(qū)普惠金融發(fā)展水平較低。各省區(qū)市的普惠金融發(fā)展整體上呈現(xiàn)先上升后下降的態(tài)勢。其次,要想制定促進(jìn)普惠金融發(fā)展的有效政策,必須弄清都有哪些因素阻礙了普惠金融的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。金融服務(wù)的提供者認(rèn)為阻礙普惠金融發(fā)展的原因有：立法和監(jiān)管、政府激勵(lì)政策、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、金融機(jī)構(gòu)的可信任度、地理位置的便利性、服務(wù)價(jià)格、服務(wù)質(zhì)量、消費(fèi)者金融知識(shí)水平、產(chǎn)品使用條款、產(chǎn)品范圍等。但是需求者并不完全認(rèn)同。由于普惠金融需求者所認(rèn)為的重要影響原因與服務(wù)提供者的見解存在偏差,在推進(jìn)普惠金融發(fā)展的時(shí)候要充分考慮到這一差異。文章通過設(shè)計(jì)調(diào)查問卷了解了普惠金融需求者使用和不使用金融產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的原因。經(jīng)過分析發(fā)現(xiàn),金融服務(wù)提供者的可信任度、簡單清晰容易理解的產(chǎn)品、透明的使用條件以及服務(wù)價(jià)格是需求者認(rèn)為最重要的原因。消費(fèi)者因?yàn)榻鹑谥�識(shí)的缺乏對(duì)產(chǎn)品的不了解、不知如何使用、缺乏相應(yīng)的決策能力阻礙了其獲得和使用金融服務(wù)。普惠金融的需求市場很大,要進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)普惠金融的發(fā)展,響應(yīng)國家供給側(cè)改革的號(hào)召,需要繼續(xù)增加供給的同時(shí)提高普惠金融的服務(wù)質(zhì)量和效率。結(jié)合影響需求者使用金融服務(wù)的原因調(diào)查結(jié)果,推進(jìn)普惠金融的發(fā)展,不僅要促進(jìn)金融服務(wù)的供給增加,而且要關(guān)注服務(wù)的質(zhì)量是否能滿足消費(fèi)者需求,消費(fèi)者是否有足夠的金融知識(shí)和技能使用這些服務(wù)。再次,通過利用行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的理論,文章分析了實(shí)際生活中人們的行為決策特點(diǎn),發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中人們決策與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)經(jīng)濟(jì)模型中的理性人相去甚遠(yuǎn),存在著行為偏差,針對(duì)這一特點(diǎn)提出了制定一種合適的金融知識(shí)教育內(nèi)容和傳授方法——拇指規(guī)則培訓(xùn)法。最后通過隨機(jī)對(duì)照試驗(yàn)的方法比較了傳統(tǒng)金融知識(shí)教育與基于行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的拇指規(guī)則培訓(xùn)方法的有效性。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)通過兩種金融知識(shí)教育提高金融素養(yǎng)對(duì)消費(fèi)者的金融實(shí)踐行為都有積極的影響。但是影響的大小關(guān)鍵取決于提供金融知識(shí)教育的形式和內(nèi)容。傳統(tǒng)金融知識(shí)教育方法沒有顯著影響,而基于行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的拇指規(guī)則培訓(xùn)法則有顯著影響。最后,文章結(jié)合我國普惠金融發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀、問題和影響因素,從金融產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的可獲得性、服務(wù)使用情況和服務(wù)質(zhì)量三個(gè)維度提出我國促進(jìn)普惠金融發(fā)展的政策措施：制定國家發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和目標(biāo)、加強(qiáng)政策環(huán)境支持、加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、增加產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)供給、搜集數(shù)據(jù)并開發(fā)指標(biāo)測量技術(shù)。除此之外,還建議采用英美等發(fā)達(dá)國家積極探索的助推政策制定方法,提供有效的金融知識(shí)教育、加強(qiáng)消費(fèi)者保護(hù)、對(duì)金融機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)施行為監(jiān)管。
[Abstract]:Everyone should have a fair chance to enjoy the services provided by the formal financial system. However, according to the World Bank statistics, until 2012, only 1/3 people in developing countries have some form of savings in the formal financial institutions. However, the poor need more diversified financial products to accumulate wealth, consumption smoothing, reduce risk, appropriate for investment. At the same time, the major employers in the poor small and medium-sized enterprises also need to exchange traded products to the optimization of financial management, reduce the risk of.2005, the United Nations advocated the establishment of inclusive financial system, financial inclusion in the world has been promoted rapidly and widely studied. By introducing the concept of Inclusive Finance in China is relatively late, but in practice, according to the statistical data the world bank, the development level of China's financial inclusion is higher than the world average, in some areas even higher than the level of developed countries. Although China's financial reform and development has made remarkable achievements, but in the development of inclusive financial policy environment, infrastructure construction, financial education, financial consumer protection and other problems still exist. How to measure the degree of development of Inclusive Finance, choose what mode, through what way, the government to play what role, how to formulate effective policies promote the development of Inclusive Finance, these are urgent problems. It also provides a broad space for this study. First, this article uses the literature reading method of basic concepts and theories of financial inclusion, the latest research progress at home and abroad was reviewed, and provides theoretical support for this paper. Through the analysis of function of government in the practice of the development of inclusive financial process, points out the specific situation of our country, the development of China's financial inclusion should adhere to the "government guidance, market-oriented" The development strategy, and to understand the Chinese government support from the policy environment, promote market trading volume, infrastructure construction and other areas to actively promote the development of inclusive financial situation. Through the investigation method of our inclusive financial products and services, the development of the transmission channels of the status quo and problems made a comprehensive understanding. Then from the availability of financial services, the three dimensions of usage and service quality to build inclusive financial index system, using AHP to determine weights to establish inclusive financial development index, and analyzes the changes of the three dimensions of time series with the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2006 to 2014 the comparison of the dynamic development of the different areas of inclusive financial differences. From the results, our inclusive financial development has achieved good results, the overall level has improved greatly, Kim Financial coverage is greatly improved and the products of various kinds. From the regional difference, the area of our inclusive financial development level is not balanced, Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, the development of Inclusive Finance degree is higher, while Xinjiang, Qinghai, Tibet, inclusive financial development level is low, and the base and provinces in China's economic development level difference consistent. From the East three western regions, the eastern region of inclusive financial development level is higher, the central region and the western region is moderate, inclusive financial development level is low. All provinces and cities the development of Inclusive Finance overall increased first and then decreased trend. Secondly, to formulate effective policies to promote the development of Inclusive Finance, must it is the further development of what factors hindered Inclusive Finance. Financial service providers that hinders the development of Inclusive Finance, legislation and supervision, the government incentive policy foundation Facilities, financial institutions, trustworthiness, location convenience, service price, service quality, consumer financial knowledge, product terms, product range and so on. But the demand is not entirely agree. Because the inclusive financial demand that causes important influence and service provider views when there is a deviation, promote inclusive financial development should fully consider the difference. The understanding of the cause of inclusive financial needs of those with and without the use of financial products and services through a questionnaire. The analysis found that the financial service provider's trustworthiness, simple and clear and easy to understand products, transparent conditions of use and the service price is the demand think of the most important reasons. Because of the lack of knowledge of the financial consumers do not understand the product, I do not know how to use, the lack of appropriate decision-making ability has hindered its gain and The use of financial services. Financial inclusion of large market demand, to further promote the development of Inclusive Finance, supply side reforms in response to the national call, to improve service quality and efficiency of financial inclusion while continuing to increase the supply. The investigation of the cause of the combined impact of demand the use of financial services, to promote the development of Inclusive Finance, not only to promote the financial an increase in the supply of services, but also pay attention to the quality of service to meet consumer demand, consumers have sufficient financial knowledge and skills to use these services. Thirdly, through the use of behavioral economics theory, this paper analyzes the characteristics of decision-making behavior of people in real life, people found the decision and standard economic models of rational people in real life in far, there are deviant behavior, so the paper presents a kind of appropriate educational content and financial knowledge Teaching methods: the rule of thumb training method. Finally, the method of randomized controlled trials comparing the traditional financial education and effective training methods based on the rule of thumb in behavioral economics. Experimental results show that by two kinds of financial education to improve the financial practice of financial literacy for consumers have a positive effect. But the size of the key influence to provide financial education form and content. The traditional method of financial education has no significant impact, and behavioral economics law based on the rule of thumb training has a significant influence. Finally, combining with the status quo of China's development of Inclusive Finance, problems and impact factors, from the financial products and service availability, service usage and service the quality of the three dimensions of our country put forward the policies and measures to promote the development of Inclusive Finance: the formulation of national development strategy and objectives, strengthen governance Environmental policy support, strengthening infrastructure construction, increase the supply of products and services, data collection and measurement technology development index. In addition, it suggests that the active exploration of many developed countries' policies to boost the development of methods to provide financial education effectively, strengthen consumer protection, implementation of regulation of financial institutions.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：F832

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2 姜勇;新疆農(nóng)村金融普惠的空間差異及集聚效應(yīng)研究[D];石河子大學(xué);2015年

3 陳平;我國普惠金融監(jiān)管政策效果研究[D];廣東財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué);2015年

4 郝寧;云南省沿邊金融開放中的農(nóng)村普惠金融發(fā)展研究[D];云南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué);2015年

5 董娜娜;我國普惠金融體系建設(shè)有關(guān)問題研究[D];聊城大學(xué);2015年

6 張娟;山西普惠金融水平測度評(píng)價(jià)及影響因素分析[D];山西大學(xué);2015年

7 于旭;內(nèi)蒙古普惠金融體系建設(shè)研究[D];內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué);2015年

8 杜超;普惠金融視角下政府與市場關(guān)系問題研究[D];延安大學(xué);2015年

9 肖瑞;普惠金融發(fā)展對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的影響分析[D];浙江工商大學(xué);2015年

10 鄭勇;平安普惠金融業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略研究[D];云南大學(xué);2015年

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