發(fā)布時間：2024-05-11 07:17

　　零售商場常面臨著包括火災在內的一系列風險,購物中心也不例外。許多人光顧的封閉購物中心若發(fā)生火災,驚慌失措的人群會互相推擠地逃離這些燃燒和煙霧彌漫的地方,導致許多人死亡。據統(tǒng)計,火災中大多數受害者不是由火災直接導致的死亡,而是煙霧能見度低、有毒氣體窒息所致。本文針對火災煙氣能見度和人員疏散概率對中國南寧市的某高層購物中心(商場)展開了算法研究,分析了 38個火災模擬案例和相應的3個疏散案例。我們闡述了性能化設計(PBD)的基本原則概念框架,使用三個軟件程序,即:PATHFINDER、FDS和PyroSim開展了研究。在模擬中,考慮了三種條件,一是自然排風窗開閉狀態(tài),二是窗口故障狀態(tài),三是水噴淋開啟狀態(tài)。我們首先對窗口的開閉狀態(tài)進行了研究,發(fā)現當窗戶打開時,建筑內的三層樓均在相當長的一段時間內完全無煙,而三樓步行街的樓梯區(qū)域不能完全無煙。同時,我們還研究了在正常和擁擠條件下的安全疏散時間。通過分析安全時間曲線,我們揭示了煙霧在建筑中擴散的速度、煙霧的能見度,以及煙霧從一層流動到另一層的動力學過程。仿真結果可為建筑設計和人員安全疏散提供參考。

【文章頁數】：119 頁

【學位級別】：碩士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
Abstract
Chapter 1 Introduction
    1.1 Examples Fire Cases in Shopping Malls all Over the World
    1.2 Objective of the Thesis
    1.3 Thesis Overview
Chapter 2 Objective Introduction and Fire scene Design
    2.1 Basic Information of Large Shopping Mall
        2.1.1 Shopping mall structure
    2.2 Fire Scene Design
        2.2.1 Fire source and ignition material
        2.2.2 Ignition
        2.2.3 Ignition source
        2.2.4 Fire extinguisher introduction
    2.3 Fire Design Method
        2.3.1 Fire growth rate a
        2.3.2 Heat release rate
        2.3.3 Heat release rate calculation formula
        2.3.4 Fire protections design and location
    2.4 Difficulty in the Fire Protection Design of Large Buildings
        2.4.1 Analysis of difficulties in fire protection design of Wanda
        2.4.2 Some vital requirement in this code we cannot imply in shopping mall
    2.5 Systematic Diagram of Fire Location in Wanda Shopping Mall
Chapter 3 PBD Methods Introduction and Project Evaluation
    3.1 Introduction of PBD
    3.2 Introduction Fire Safety Performance Based Assessment Methods
        3.2.1 Determine the field condition of the analytic object
        3.2.2 Established fire safety goals and objectives
        3.2.3 Selection of appropriates quantitative analysis method
        3.2.4 Specific analysis of factors affecting fire safety objectives
    3.3 Evaluation the Project with PBD
        3.3.1 Project objectives
    3.4 Research Contents
        3.4.1 Evaluation plan of Wanda plaza using PBD
    3.5 Evaluation Plan Using Fire Scenarios
Chapter 4 Fire Hazards and Smoke Movement Using FDS
    4.1 Introduction of Smoke movement
    4.2 FDS Background and Scoop
        4.2.1 Surfaces
        4.2.2 Governing equation of FDS
    4.3 Output Data Measuring Devices
    4.4 Numerical Simulation
        4.4.1 Grid resolution analysis
        4.4.2 Numerical model
    4.5 Wanda Shopping Mall Structure Diagram Using FDS
    4.6 Smart Control System
    4.7 Plane Layout and the Position of Smoke Detector
    4.8 FDS Simulation Calculation
        4.8.1 Fire scenario and fire power source for FDS simulation
        4.8.2 FDS simulation result
        4.8.3 When 1MW fire source is located at atrium
        4.8.4 When 4MW fire source is located at atrium
        4.8.5 When 3MW fire source is located at shop on ground floor
        4.8.6 When 10MW fire source is located at shop on ground floor
        4.8.7 When 3MW fire source is located at shop on 2nd floor
        4.8.8 When 10MW fire source is located at shop on 2nd floor
        4.8.9 When 3MW fire source is located at resturant on 3rdfloor
        4.8.10 When 10MW fire source is located at shop on 3rd floor
    4.9 FDS Slice Resultes For Smoke Visibility and Tempereture
        4.9.1 Smoke visibility and temperature cases study
Chapter 5 Occupants Safety Evacuation Analysis
    5.1 Overview of Occupants Evacuation
        5.1.1 Egress design
        5.1.2 Human behavior during fire
    5.2 Safety Evacuation Time for Occupants
    5.3 Objective of Safety Evacuation Analysis
        5.3.1 Criteria of safety evacuation
    5.4 Parameters of Occupants Evacuation
        5.4.1 Occupants type
        5.4.2 Calculation method of evacuation time
        5.4.3 Detection time and response time
    5.5 Occupants Evacuation Using PATHFINDER
        5.5.1 PATHFINDER overview
        5.5.2 Population density distribution
    5.6 PATHFINDER Evacuation Results
        5.6.1 Scheme 1 evacuation analysis
        5.6.2 Scheme 2 evacuation analysis
Chapter 6 Safety Assessment
    6.1 Introduction
        6.1.1 Smoke visibility safety time curve
    6.2 Safety Assessment About Evacuation Stairs at 2nd Floor
    6.3 Summary
Chapter 7 Conclusion and Suggestions
    7.1 Conclusion
    7.2 Suggestions
References
Acknowledgements



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