發(fā)布時間：2018-10-07 18:04

【摘要】：在全球復(fù)雜的氣候變化和城市化加快發(fā)展的背景下,城市極端暴雨天氣事件頻發(fā),已經(jīng)嚴重威脅到人們的正常生活和安全。對不同情景下城市暴雨內(nèi)澇過程的模擬研究,為有關(guān)部門采取有效的城市防澇排洪措施提供重要的科學(xué)依據(jù)。本文以西安市碑林區(qū)某區(qū)域為研究對象,利用ArcGGIS軟件分析研究區(qū)域的地形數(shù)據(jù),繪制排水管網(wǎng)概化圖,基于SWMM模型建立地區(qū)城市內(nèi)澇模擬模型,設(shè)計不同情景條件的城市內(nèi)澇過程模擬,分析不同情景下城市內(nèi)澇過程的流量變化過程和積水情況,為城市內(nèi)澇應(yīng)對機制的建立提供決策服務(wù)。本文主要研究成果如下:(1)建立了城市暴雨內(nèi)澇模型。通過ArcGIS分析、實地調(diào)研和排水管網(wǎng)分布圖等方法獲取基礎(chǔ)資料,基于SWMM模型建立內(nèi)澇模擬模型。以一年一遇降雨模擬結(jié)果與實際區(qū)域路段的積水情況進行比較,發(fā)生內(nèi)澇積水的路段與實際情況基本一致,驗證模型具有良好的合理性。(2)基于情景分析的研究區(qū)城市內(nèi)澇模擬。文中設(shè)計不同降雨重現(xiàn)期、不同降雨雨型和不同城市化水平三種情景,其中重現(xiàn)期的選取包括0.5a、1a、2a、5a以及10a等5種類型。從不同降雨重現(xiàn)期情景角度分析,徑流系數(shù)隨著降雨重現(xiàn)期增加呈現(xiàn)明顯增大趨勢,發(fā)生內(nèi)澇的危險性增加;分析不同降雨重現(xiàn)期情景排水出口流量過程,重現(xiàn)期越長,洪峰流量越大且歷時延長。選取雨峰系數(shù)r為0.3、0.4和0.5等3種不同情形的芝加哥雨型,結(jié)果表明雨峰系數(shù)越大會引起徑流系數(shù)增大;相同的降雨重現(xiàn)期,三種不同雨型的管道超載情況基本一致;不同城市化水平情景下,城市化水平的增加速率和徑流系數(shù)增加率相差不大。(3)不同降雨重現(xiàn)期情景下積水點模擬分析。模擬1a、2a、5a和10a四種重現(xiàn)期情景管網(wǎng)節(jié)點的溢流情況,五年一遇重現(xiàn)期甚至更高重現(xiàn)期情景的節(jié)點溢流流量更大;分析積水點流量和深度分布可知,主干路段內(nèi)澇積水最嚴重;選擇主要積水路段的典型積水點,分析發(fā)現(xiàn),排水能力與管道的最大滿流流量以及歷時相關(guān),可采取相應(yīng)的措施改善管網(wǎng)。(4)基于綜合集成平臺的城市內(nèi)澇模擬過程可視化。以知識圖可視化、業(yè)務(wù)組件化和綜合集成平臺等為技術(shù)支撐,通過繪制研究區(qū)域排水管網(wǎng)知識圖,實現(xiàn)管網(wǎng)中多個對象信息在線展示,并繪制相關(guān)流量變化曲線圖,為用戶提供決策服務(wù)。
[Abstract]:Under the background of global complex climate change and rapid development of urbanization, urban extreme rainstorm weather events frequently occur, which has seriously threatened people's normal life and safety. The simulation of urban rainstorm waterlogging process under different scenarios provides an important scientific basis for relevant departments to take effective measures to prevent urban waterlogging and flood discharge. In this paper, a region in Bei'er Forest District of Xi'an City is taken as the research object. The terrain data of the studied area are analyzed by ArcGGIS software, the general map of drainage pipe network is drawn, and the simulation model of urban waterlogging in the area is established based on SWMM model. This paper designs the simulation of urban waterlogging process under different scenarios, analyzes the flow changing process and water accumulation situation of urban waterlogging process under different scenarios, and provides a decision service for the establishment of urban waterlogging coping mechanism. The main research results are as follows: (1) the urban rainstorm waterlogging model is established. The basic data were obtained by ArcGIS analysis, field investigation and distribution map of drainage network, and the simulation model of waterlogging was established based on SWMM model. By comparing the simulation results of rainfall once a year with the hydrological situation in the actual region, the waterlogging section is basically consistent with the actual situation, which verifies that the model has good rationality. (2) the urban waterlogging simulation based on scenario analysis in the study area. Three scenarios of different rainfall recurrence periods, different rainfall patterns and different urbanization levels were designed in this paper. From the point of view of different rainfall recurrence period scenarios, the runoff coefficient increases obviously with the increase of rainfall recurrence period, and the risk of waterlogging increases, and the drainage outlet discharge process of different rainfall recurrence periods is analyzed, the longer the recurrence period, the longer the recurrence period. Hong Feng flow larger and longer duration. The results show that the runoff coefficient increases when the rainfall peak coefficient is higher than that of the general assembly, and the overloading of the three different types of rain is basically the same in the same rainfall recurrence period, and the rainfall peak coefficient r is 0.3% and 0.5 respectively, and the results show that the runoff coefficient increases when the rainfall peak coefficient is higher than that of the rainfall peak coefficient. Under different urbanization level scenarios, the increase rate of urbanization level and the increase rate of runoff coefficient are not different. (3) the hydrological point simulation analysis of different rainfall recurrence period scenarios. After simulating the overflow of the nodes in four recurrence periods (1a ~ 2a ~ (5a) and 10a), the nodes with a recurrence period of five years or even more than a recurrence period have a greater overflow flow, and the analysis of the flow and depth distribution of the water accumulation points shows that the waterlogging is the most serious in the main section of the road. The typical waterlogging points of the main waterlogging sections are selected, and it is found that the drainage capacity is related to the maximum overflowing flow and the duration of the pipeline, and the corresponding measures can be taken to improve the pipe network. (4) the visualization of the urban waterlogging simulation process based on the integrated platform. Based on visualization of knowledge graph, compartmentalization of business and integrated integration platform, through drawing knowledge map of drainage network in study area, online display of information of multiple objects in pipe network is realized, and curves of related flow change are plotted. Provide decision-making services to users.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU992

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