發(fā)布時間：2018-06-25 03:38

  本文選題：中國 + 俄羅斯��； 參考：《東北財經(jīng)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：中國和俄羅斯互為彼此最大的鄰國,在國際旅游合作上的潛力十分巨大。中國是世界上人口最多、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展最快、唯一擁有五千多年未中斷的文明傳承的重要古國；俄羅斯是世界上面積最大、自然景觀最豐富、典型的歐洲東正教文明與亞洲蒙古文明混合的新興經(jīng)濟大國。中俄兩國在中國的西北部(新疆維吾爾族自治區(qū)——阿爾泰共和國)和東北部(內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)——赤塔州,黑龍江省——阿穆爾州、猶太自治州、哈巴羅夫斯克邊疆區(qū)、濱海邊疆區(qū),吉林省——濱海邊疆區(qū))的邊境地區(qū)合計有4350多公里的邊境線,在中俄兩國邊境線兩側(cè)分布著如滿洲里(中)、綏芬河(中)、黑河(中)、琿春(中)、牡丹江(中)、符拉迪沃斯托克(俄)、布拉戈維申斯克(俄)、哈巴羅夫斯克(俄)、比羅比詹(俄)、赤塔(俄)、阿金斯科耶(俄)、斯帕斯克(俄)等大大小小的數(shù)十個邊貿(mào)城市,這些城市中的居民經(jīng)常出入對方國境進行商貿(mào)活動或休閑旅游,是中俄雙邊旅游游客的重要組成部分。除此之外,在遠離邊境的兩國腹地,俄羅斯的莫斯科、圣彼得堡、伊爾庫茨克等和中國的北京、上海、三亞、大連、青島、西安等地也都是吸引彼此游客的重要旅游目的地。 就市場規(guī)模而言,當前中國與俄羅斯均為對方主要的入境旅游客源市場,游客的雙向流動促進了兩國乃至整個東北亞地區(qū)的旅游業(yè)及相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展。2011年,中國共接待來自俄羅斯游客253.6萬人次,其中由黑龍江省入境俄羅斯游客達到146.34萬人次,占俄羅斯赴中國游客總數(shù)的57.7%；俄羅斯共接待中國游客約80萬,由黑龍江出境赴俄羅斯游客為42.7萬人,占中國赴俄旅游人數(shù)的50%以上。就游客空間流向而言,莫斯科、符拉迪沃斯托克、圣彼得堡是接待中國游客較多的城市,可見中國游客傾向于體驗俄羅斯獨特的異域人文風(fēng)情,而非自然景觀；三亞、大連、青島、北戴河等地區(qū)則是最吸引俄羅斯游客的中國旅游目的地,可見中國最吸引俄羅斯游客的是熱帶和溫帶海濱休閑游,而以人文景觀聞名的北京、西安等地對俄羅斯游客的吸引力相對較弱。 近年來中俄兩國的經(jīng)貿(mào)交往日益密切,政治關(guān)系也呈現(xiàn)親密化的發(fā)展勢頭。如1996年葉利欽訪華,中俄兩國正式宣布建立“平等信任、面向21世紀的戰(zhàn)略協(xié)作伙伴關(guān)系”；2001年中俄兩國簽訂了《中俄睦鄰友好合作條約》之后,表示中俄兩國人民要世代友好的走下去；此后在中國胡錦濤、習(xí)近平主席和俄羅斯普京及梅德韋杰夫總統(tǒng)分別執(zhí)政期間,中俄兩國還建成并深化了“全面戰(zhàn)略協(xié)作伙伴關(guān)系”,使得兩國關(guān)系走上了更高、更廣闊的、更穩(wěn)定的新臺階。此外,2006年和2007年中俄兩國還相繼舉辦了中國“俄羅斯年”和俄羅斯“中國年”活動,以促進兩國人民相互了解；2012年舉辦的中國“俄羅斯旅游年”和2013年舉辦的俄羅斯“中國旅游年”活動則旨在促進兩國人民的跨國流動,相互交流,推動兩國旅游合作進一步拓寬、加深。當然,中俄旅游合作也面臨一些實際困難和挑戰(zhàn),如雙方腹地居民對彼此的旅游熱情有待提升；雙方的旅游簽證辦理手續(xù)有待簡化：旅游市場秩序尚不規(guī)范,旅游收費不透明和借旅游之名進行賭博、走私等違法事件時有發(fā)生等。 本文主要針對中俄兩國國際旅游合作戰(zhàn)略在以下層面展開研究：首先,從中俄兩國各自的旅游資源、相關(guān)旅游政策和國際旅游市場開發(fā)狀況三個層面,概括歸納中俄兩國的旅游業(yè)發(fā)展概況。其次,將目光聚焦到中俄雙邊國際旅游合作上來,研究中俄雙邊旅游合作的發(fā)展歷程以及在當前面臨的重大機遇和存在的主要問題。最后,針對中俄兩國開展國際旅游合作的現(xiàn)狀在合作機制構(gòu)建和吸引游客方式等方面提出策略建議,以供兩國旅游管理部門和旅游相關(guān)從業(yè)者參考。
[Abstract]:China and Russia are each other's largest neighbouring countries and have great potential for international tourism cooperation. China is the world's largest population, the fastest economic development, the only important ancient country with more than 5000 years of uninterrupted civilization; Russia is the largest, most abundant and typical European orthodox civilization in the world. Asian and Mongolia civilizations are a new and emerging economic power. China and Russia are in the northwest of China (Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Altai Republic) and Northeast (the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region - Chita, Heilongjiang Province - Amur, Jewish Autonomous Prefecture, Khabarovsk border area, coastal frontier region, Jilin Province - Coastal frontier. The border areas with a total of more than 4350 kilometres of border lines are distributed on both sides of the Sino Russian border line, such as Manchuria (central), Suifenhe (central), Heihe (central), Hunchun (central), Mudanjiang (central), Vladivostok (Russia), Manchuria, Khabarovsk (Russian), Khabarovsk (Russian), Chita (Russia), Chita (Russia), Akin Skou Jerzy (Russia), Russia), There are dozens of border trade cities, such as Pask (Russia), which often enter and go in and out of the country's borders for trade or leisure tourism, an important part of Sino Russian bilateral tourist attractions, in addition to the hinterland of the two countries, far from the border, Moscow, St Petersburg, Irkutsk, Russia, and the north of China. Beijing, Shanghai, Sanya, Dalian, Qingdao, Xi'an and other places are also important tourist destinations attracting tourists from each other.
As far as market scale is concerned, both China and Russia are the main entry tourist market of each other. The two-way flow of tourists has promoted the tourism and related industry development of the two countries and the whole Northeast Asia in.2011 years. China received 2 million 536 thousand visitors from Russia, of which the number of Russian tourists from Heilongjiang province reached 146. .34 tens of thousands of people, accounting for 57.7% of the total number of Russian visitors to China; Russia has a total of about 800 thousand Chinese tourists, 427 thousand from Heilongjiang, and more than 50% of the number of Chinese tourists to Russia. In terms of tourist space flow, Moscow, Vladivostok, and St Petersburg are the cities that receive more Chinese tourists. It is found that Chinese tourists tend to experience the unique foreign cultural customs of Russia, not the natural landscape; Sanya, Dalian, Qingdao, Beidaihe and other regions are the most attractive Chinese tourist destinations for Russian tourists. It is seen that the most attractive tourist attractions in China are tropical and temperate seaside leisure tours, and Beijing, Xi'an, which is famous for the cultural landscape, Xi'an and so on. The attractiveness of the Russian tourists is relatively weak.
In recent years, the economic and trade exchanges between China and Russia are becoming closer and closer, and the political relations have also shown close development momentum. For example, in 1996 Yeltsin visited China, China and Russia formally announced the establishment of "equal trust and strategic partnership for twenty-first Century"; after the Sino Russian Treaty of good neighborly and friendly cooperation between China and Russia in 2001, China and Russia expressed China and Russia The people want to go on on a friendly basis for generations; since then, during the period of Hu Jintao, President Xi Jinping and President Putin and Medvedev in Russia, the two countries have also built and deepened the "comprehensive strategic partnership", making the relations between the two countries higher, wider and more stable. In addition, 2006 and 2007 In addition, China and Russia also held the Chinese "Russian year" and the Russian "year of China" in order to promote mutual understanding between the two peoples. In 2012, the "Russian tourism year" held in China and the Russian "China Tourism Year" held in 2013 were aimed at promoting the transnational flow, exchange and promotion of the two countries. Tourism cooperation is further widened and deepened. Of course, Sino Russian tourism cooperation is also faced with some practical difficulties and challenges, such as the enthusiasm for tourism of the two sides of the two sides to promote each other; the procedures for dealing with tourism visas to be simplified: the tourist market order is not standard, the travel fees are not transparent and the tourist's name is gambling, smuggling and other violations. The occurrence of a law event occurs.
This paper mainly focuses on the following aspects of the international tourism cooperation strategy between China and Russia. First, it summarizes the development of tourism in China and Russia from three aspects of their respective tourism resources, related tourism policies and the development of international tourism market. Secondly, it will focus on the bilateral cooperation between China and Russia on bilateral international tourism cooperation. To study the development course of bilateral tourism cooperation between China and Russia and the major opportunities and main problems that are facing at present. Finally, we put forward some suggestions on the current situation of international tourism cooperation between China and Russia in the construction of cooperation mechanism and the way to attract tourists, for the reference of the tourism management departments of the two countries and the tourism related practitioners.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F592;F595.12

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