【摘要】：科學技術(shù)日益成為經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的驅(qū)動力,一方面要提高自主創(chuàng)新能力,另一方面還要提高典型技術(shù)的轉(zhuǎn)化能力�？捎眯匝芯渴菍⒖茖W技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)化為具體產(chǎn)品的重要工具。產(chǎn)品可用性是指在特定環(huán)境下,產(chǎn)品為特定用戶用于特定目的時所具有的有效性、效率和主觀滿意度。現(xiàn)有的可用性研究主要集中在可用性評估方面,一般用于產(chǎn)品設(shè)計的后期,而本文將可用性的內(nèi)涵進行了擴展,認為產(chǎn)品設(shè)計的全過程都應考慮可用性的問題,即：在設(shè)計初期發(fā)現(xiàn)“這些問題會對誰是可用的”；在設(shè)計中期找出“怎樣才能使之成為可用的”；在設(shè)計后期確定“哪一個是可用的”。本文以典型技術(shù)為例,研究將其轉(zhuǎn)化為可用性產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計方法,強調(diào)在產(chǎn)品設(shè)計過程中要緊緊圍繞用戶出發(fā),在設(shè)計的各個階段要有用戶的參與,以便及時獲得用戶的反饋并據(jù)此進行改進。針對典型技術(shù)的生命周期不同,本文圍繞以人為中心的設(shè)計理念,致力于研究不同的設(shè)計策略,將對我國的設(shè)計研發(fā)和技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)化提供有益的參考。 本文首先從可用性研究、產(chǎn)品設(shè)計創(chuàng)新方法、產(chǎn)品可用性設(shè)計應用等三個方面分析了國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀,發(fā)現(xiàn)了存在的問題,提出了本課題的目標和研究框架。接下來,本文提出了基于用戶研究的產(chǎn)品設(shè)計程序,并結(jié)合產(chǎn)品設(shè)計中的可用性因素和方法,提出了不同生命周期的產(chǎn)品在可用性設(shè)計時應采取的不同方法,并進而建立了典型技術(shù)可用性設(shè)計方法模型。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：當一種成熟期技術(shù)被用于新的領(lǐng)域,則可能衍生為新的萌芽期產(chǎn)品或成長期產(chǎn)品,這種技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)化的方式具有開發(fā)周期短、見效快等優(yōu)點,具有更廣闊的應用前景。 本文將產(chǎn)品設(shè)計分成三個階段,并選取三種典型技術(shù)作為研究對象,進一步闡述了可用性設(shè)計方法的應用。 在產(chǎn)品設(shè)計初期,主要應用設(shè)計調(diào)查和需求預測進行用戶研究,進而鎖定產(chǎn)品的使用對象,并發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的需求。設(shè)計調(diào)查常用的方法包括故事板、深度訪談、焦點小組和文獻調(diào)查,主要是從主觀角度對用戶進行研究,而需求預測則是通過輸入相關(guān)知識和信息,建立數(shù)據(jù)庫,從中發(fā)掘用戶的需求信息,是一種相對客觀的方法。本文認為：將用戶研究的主觀方法和客觀方法相結(jié)合,用設(shè)計調(diào)查的結(jié)論驗證需求預測的結(jié)果,能夠更好的提高產(chǎn)品設(shè)計的可用性。本文還應用以上設(shè)計方法研究了“榨油技術(shù)”在家庭中的產(chǎn)品化應用,發(fā)現(xiàn)了該類產(chǎn)品的潛在需求。 產(chǎn)品設(shè)計中期是體現(xiàn)設(shè)計創(chuàng)意的主要環(huán)節(jié)。圍繞設(shè)計定位和目標,通過設(shè)計創(chuàng)意,能夠?qū)⒃O(shè)計概念可視化,讓設(shè)計對象變得更加具體可行,而可用性設(shè)計研究的目標就是發(fā)現(xiàn)盡可能多的創(chuàng)意線索并找出相對合理的解決方案。因此,本文運用奧斯本檢核表,針對“家用凈水技術(shù)”,對50名工業(yè)設(shè)計專業(yè)大三學生進行了對照實驗,發(fā)現(xiàn)了該方法的有效性。然后,從形態(tài)設(shè)計和功能設(shè)計入手,闡述了產(chǎn)品設(shè)計創(chuàng)意的不同案例。另外,本文還提出了基于產(chǎn)品基因的設(shè)計創(chuàng)新方法,豐富了產(chǎn)品設(shè)計創(chuàng)意的手段和技巧。 在產(chǎn)品設(shè)計后期,以往的研究常通過試生產(chǎn)和試用來驗證設(shè)計的可用性。本文把可用性研究延伸到了設(shè)計評價階段,提煉消費者、生產(chǎn)者和設(shè)計者的不同需要,提出了通過灰色統(tǒng)計方法與DEA方法相結(jié)合,建立一種定性與定量相結(jié)合,科學有效的多指標評價方法,并通過某品牌空調(diào)產(chǎn)品設(shè)計方案的評價進行了驗證。 本文引入了新的技術(shù)手段,豐富了產(chǎn)品設(shè)計方法,同時將可用性設(shè)計方法用于典型技術(shù)的產(chǎn)品設(shè)計,擴大了可用性的應用領(lǐng)域,又解決了設(shè)計質(zhì)量評價的問題。還提出了對于可用性內(nèi)涵的新的理解,將可用性分解成“為誰可用”、“如何可用”、“哪個可用”三個層面,并進而確立了以用戶為中心的設(shè)計分析方法、以用戶需求為導向的設(shè)計創(chuàng)意方法、以用戶體驗為核心的設(shè)計評價方法。本文選取典型技術(shù)作為研究對象,研究將技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)化為具體產(chǎn)品的機制和設(shè)計方法,根據(jù)用戶需求開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品,有助于提升我國制造業(yè)的自主創(chuàng)新能力。
[Abstract]:Science and technology have become the driving force of economic and social development. On the one hand, it is necessary to improve the ability of independent innovation, on the other hand, to improve the transformation ability of typical technology. Availability, efficiency and subjective satisfaction. Available availability research is mainly focused on usability evaluation, which is generally used in the later stage of product design. This article extends the connotation of usability and considers that the whole process of product design should consider the problem of usability. It is available "; find out" how can make it available "in the middle of the design; determine" which is available "in the later design. In this paper, a typical technology is used as an example to study the design method of converting it into a usable product. It emphasizes that in the process of product design, it is necessary to set out closely around the user in the process of design and at various stages of the design. In order to get the user's feedback and improve the user's feedback in time, the life cycle of the typical technology is different. This article focuses on the design concept of human centered, and is devoted to the research of different design strategies, and will provide useful reference for the design, research and development of our country and the transformation of technology.
In this paper, the research status at home and abroad is analyzed from three aspects such as usability research, product design innovation method and product usability design application. The existing problems are found and the objectives and research framework of this topic are put forward. Then, this paper proposes a product design program based on user research, and combines the usability of product design. Factors and methods, propose different methods of product availability design for different life cycles, and then establish a model of typical technical usability design method. The formula has the advantages of short development cycle and quick effect, and has a broader application prospect.
This paper divides the product design into three stages, and selects three typical technologies as the research object, further expounds the application of usability design method.
In the early stage of product design, the main application of design survey and demand forecast is to study the user, and then to lock the object of the product and find their needs. The common methods of design investigation include storyboard, depth interview, focus group and literature survey, mainly from the subjective angle to the user, and the demand forecast is through losing. It is a relatively objective method to enter the relevant knowledge and information, establish the database and explore the user's requirements information. This paper considers that the subjective and objective methods of the user research are combined to verify the results of the demand prediction with the conclusion of the design investigation. The application of "oil extraction technology" in the family has been studied, and the potential demand of this product has been discovered.
In the middle of the design of product design is the main link that embodies the design creativity. Around the design orientation and the goal, the design concept can be visualized and the design objects become more concrete and feasible by designing the creative ideas. The goal of the usability design research is to find as many creative clues as possible and to find a relatively reasonable solution. With the Osborn check list and the "household water purification technology", a comparative experiment was carried out on 50 major industrial design majors, and the effectiveness of the method was found. Then, from the form design and function design, the different cases of product design creativity were expounded. In addition, the design innovation method based on product gene was also put forward in this article. The means and skills of the creative design of the product are rich.
In the later period of product design, the previous research often verified the usability of the design by trial production and trial. This paper extends the usability study to the design evaluation stage, refines the different needs of consumers, producers and designers, and puts forward a combination of grey statistics and DEA methods to establish a combination of qualitative and quantitative, scientific The effective multi index evaluation method is verified by the evaluation of a brand air conditioning product design scheme.
In this paper, a new technique is introduced, which enriches the method of product design. At the same time, the usability design method is used in the product design of typical technology, the application field of usability is expanded, and the problem of design quality evaluation is solved. "Available", "which can be used" three levels, and then establishes a user centered design analysis method, a user demand oriented design creative method, a design evaluation method with user experience as the core. This paper selects the typical technology as the research object, and studies the mechanism and design method of transforming technology into specific products. Developing new products according to user needs is helpful to enhance the independent innovation ability of China's manufacturing industry.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TB472

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