發(fā)布時間：2018-05-01 17:43

  本文選題：土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán) + 用益物權(quán)　； 參考：《江西財經(jīng)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著國家“工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化”戰(zhàn)略的不斷推進以及國家相關(guān)鼓勵政策的傾斜扶持,城市經(jīng)濟得以飛速發(fā)展,但農(nóng)業(yè)的“高投入、低產(chǎn)出”等特點,加上農(nóng)民在市場競爭中具有信息缺乏、技術(shù)缺乏、資金缺乏等天然弱勢,導(dǎo)致城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平的差距在不斷拉大。農(nóng)民作為一個經(jīng)濟上不占據(jù)強勢“話語權(quán)”的群體,要想公平地參與市場經(jīng)濟活動,首先需要解決的困境就是缺乏生產(chǎn)資金。對于中國廣大農(nóng)民而言,要想實現(xiàn)發(fā)展資金的原始積累最有可能的途徑便是通過手中最有價值的生產(chǎn)資料——土地——來實現(xiàn)。很長一段時期內(nèi),我國農(nóng)民對農(nóng)村土地只具有勞作意義上的使用權(quán),其對土地并不具有今天民法意義上的權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系。農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)責(zé)任制改革后,農(nóng)民可以較長時期地從集體承包土地進行自主經(jīng)營,在此基礎(chǔ)上,形成并逐步完善土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)制度。在不完全失去“土地”的前提下有條件地讓渡經(jīng)營權(quán),土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)抵押無疑是農(nóng)民發(fā)展的最佳路徑。但按照現(xiàn)行法律之規(guī)定,要想通過土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)抵押來獲取發(fā)展資金,存在著諸多障礙。首先,土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)的屬性是物權(quán)還是債權(quán),在理論界存在質(zhì)疑。其次,土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)能否抵押,存在著理論爭議,也缺乏法律的直接規(guī)定的支持。第三,土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)的抵押在全國范圍內(nèi)的探索性實踐,為該項權(quán)利的抵押實現(xiàn)積累了很多有益經(jīng)驗,但也暴露了一些問題。因此,建立和完善土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)抵押制度,需要解決法律規(guī)定和制度設(shè)計上的一些缺陷。具體而言,需要從以下幾個方面入手,第一,取消農(nóng)村土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)抵押的區(qū)別對待制度;第二,完善農(nóng)村土地登記制度;第三,取消對農(nóng)村土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)抵押的限制條件;第四,承認農(nóng)村土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)農(nóng)戶主體資格;第五,建立農(nóng)村土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)價值評估制度;第六,完善農(nóng)村土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)抵押風(fēng)險控制體系。
[Abstract]:With the continuous promotion of the national strategy of "industrialization, urbanization" and the preferential support of relevant national incentives, the urban economy has developed rapidly, but the characteristics of agriculture, such as "high input, low output" and so on, In addition, farmers in the market competition with the lack of information, lack of technology, lack of funds and other natural weaknesses, resulting in urban and rural economic development level gap is widening. Farmers, as a group that does not occupy a strong "right of speech" in economy, want to participate in the market economy activities fairly, the first dilemma that needs to be solved is the lack of production funds. For the majority of Chinese farmers, the most likely way to realize the primitive accumulation of development funds is through the most valuable means of production-land. For a long period of time, the peasants of our country only have the right to use the rural land in the sense of labor, which does not have the relationship of rights and obligations in the sense of civil law. After the reform of agricultural production responsibility system, farmers can manage independently from the collective contracted land for a long time, and on this basis, form and gradually perfect the system of land contractual management right. Under the premise of not completely losing "land", land contractual management right mortgage is undoubtedly the best way for farmers to develop. However, according to the current law, there are many obstacles to obtain development funds through land contract management right mortgage. First of all, the property of land contractual management right is real right or creditor's right. Secondly, whether the land contract management right can be mortgaged, there are theoretical disputes, and lack of direct legal support. Thirdly, the exploratory practice of the mortgage of land contract management right in the whole country has accumulated a lot of beneficial experience for the realization of this right, but also exposed some problems. Therefore, to establish and perfect the mortgage system of land contractual management right needs to solve some defects in the legal regulation and system design. Specifically, we need to start from the following aspects: first, cancel the system of differentiated treatment of the right to contract management of rural land mortgage; second, improve the rural land registration system; third, To cancel the restrictions on the mortgage of rural land contractual management rights; fourth, to recognize the principal qualifications of rural land contractual management rights; fifth, to establish a value evaluation system for rural land contractual management rights; and sixth, to establish a system for evaluating the value of rural land contractual management rights; sixth, Improve the rural land contractual management right mortgage risk control system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D922.32;D923.2

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