美國高等教育《平權法案》的衰落
發(fā)布時間：2025-01-01 02:45
《平權法案》又稱《肯定性行動》,《積極行動》,致力于消除二十世紀六十年代中期以來少數族裔就業(yè)、教育和其他方面受到歧視造成的影響,自頒布以來便引起廣泛討論乃至爭論。本文運用歷史研究和文本分析的方法,著眼于《平權法案》在高等教育方面的發(fā)展,力圖證明其逐漸衰落的狀態(tài)。本文總共分六部分。引言部分簡要說明了《平權法案》的起源和發(fā)展、進行了相關文獻綜述回顧、介紹了研究方法和內容分布。第一章分析了政策本身具有爭議的部分,主要是對于公平概念的分歧和以族裔和階級作為劃分標準的討論。第二章分析了不同政府的政策態(tài)度和調整方向。第三章論述探究了亞裔美國人和非裔美國人內部的不同觀點,反映了人們對平權法案漸漸堆積的不滿。第四章描述了美國最高法院對相關案件的判決,展現了決策走向變化�；谡兔耖g對平權法案的支持不斷減少、最高法院要求的施行標準愈加嚴格,最后的總結部分證明平權法案發(fā)展今在教育領域處在衰落狀態(tài)。公正和平等都無法有著絕對的定義。對一群人同情就是對其他人的歧視�！镀綑喾ò浮肥シN族的色彩之時,這一政策的使命便已完成。
【文章頁數】：63 頁
【學位級別】：碩士
【文章目錄】：
摘要
abstract
Acknowledgement
Introduction
Chapter One Policy Itself: a Highly Controversial and Paradoxical Plan
1.1 Discrepant Belief on Equality
1.2 Race, Ethnics and Class as Imperfect Criterion
Chapter Two Political Climate: Stricter Attitude
2.1 Ronald Reagan’s Neo-Conservatism: Reduction of Government Investment
2.2 Bill Clinton’s Dilemma: Mend It, Do Not End It
2.3 George W. Bush’s Annulment: Abolish the Policy During His Governorship
Chapter Three Prevailing Negative Views from Different Sides…
3.1 Asian Americans: Forgotten Ones
3.2 African American: Self-Doubt and Self-Verification
Chapter Four Supreme Court’s More Cautious Attitude and Decision
4.1 Hopwood v. Texas (5th Cir. 1996): Refused to Review and Postponed Sanction toFuture
4.2 Gratz v. Bollinger (2003) and Grutter v. Bollinger (2003): Denied Quotas andFavored Individualized Diversity with Narrowly Tailored Standard
4.3 Fisher v. University of Texas (2013) and Fisher v. University of Texas (2016):Reviewed on Fifth Cir.’s Trail
Conclusion
Works Cited
本文編號：4021935
【文章頁數】：63 頁
【學位級別】：碩士
【文章目錄】：
摘要
abstract
Acknowledgement
Introduction
Chapter One Policy Itself: a Highly Controversial and Paradoxical Plan
1.1 Discrepant Belief on Equality
1.2 Race, Ethnics and Class as Imperfect Criterion
Chapter Two Political Climate: Stricter Attitude
2.1 Ronald Reagan’s Neo-Conservatism: Reduction of Government Investment
2.2 Bill Clinton’s Dilemma: Mend It, Do Not End It
2.3 George W. Bush’s Annulment: Abolish the Policy During His Governorship
Chapter Three Prevailing Negative Views from Different Sides…
3.1 Asian Americans: Forgotten Ones
3.2 African American: Self-Doubt and Self-Verification
Chapter Four Supreme Court’s More Cautious Attitude and Decision
4.1 Hopwood v. Texas (5th Cir. 1996): Refused to Review and Postponed Sanction toFuture
4.2 Gratz v. Bollinger (2003) and Grutter v. Bollinger (2003): Denied Quotas andFavored Individualized Diversity with Narrowly Tailored Standard
4.3 Fisher v. University of Texas (2013) and Fisher v. University of Texas (2016):Reviewed on Fifth Cir.’s Trail
Conclusion
Works Cited
本文編號：4021935
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