發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-14 13:01

【摘要】：在目前醫(yī)療界,活檢一直是醫(yī)療診斷的一種最重要手段之一,而活檢的重要一步便是病理組織處理。在活檢過程中,需要先完成病理組織預(yù)處理,即蠟片的制備。病理組織經(jīng)過固定、脫水與透明、浸蠟、手動(dòng)封蠟等步驟,完成蠟片制作,然后對(duì)蠟片進(jìn)行著色,通過顯微鏡觀察病理組織結(jié)構(gòu),從而確定疾病原因。由于目前國內(nèi)病理組織設(shè)備相對(duì)落后,基本依靠進(jìn)口,設(shè)備維護(hù)困難且成本較高,處理過程需要多臺(tái)設(shè)備配合才能完成。本項(xiàng)目將研發(fā)一款借助超聲效應(yīng)的全自動(dòng)快速病理組織處理設(shè)備,為臨床醫(yī)生方便的提供一種快速制備病理組織切片的方法,從而為大規(guī)模疾病篩查以及對(duì)手術(shù)過程中的病理確診提供了必要的設(shè)備保障。另外,可以應(yīng)用于基層醫(yī)院,為患者病癥提供初步診斷依據(jù)。本文旨在開發(fā)全自動(dòng)快速病理組織處理機(jī)的上位機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)。在項(xiàng)目初期進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)預(yù)調(diào)試,在調(diào)試過程中,發(fā)現(xiàn)并解決了上位機(jī)和下位機(jī)通信時(shí)斷時(shí)連等諸多難題。根據(jù)本項(xiàng)目要求,更換平臺(tái),利用Qt在Linux平臺(tái)上開發(fā)上位機(jī)控制系統(tǒng),按照用戶的反饋意見,對(duì)上位機(jī)工作流程和功能做了較大的改進(jìn),界面更加美觀、簡(jiǎn)潔,系統(tǒng)更加穩(wěn)定。上位機(jī)系統(tǒng)主要包括脫水與透明、浸蠟、手動(dòng)封蠟、清洗、數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)出和幫助模塊,完成了各模塊的界面設(shè)計(jì),并簡(jiǎn)要介紹了各模塊的功能實(shí)現(xiàn),最后利用工控系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)下位機(jī)的控制�，F(xiàn)對(duì)本文介紹如下:第一,首先通過引言簡(jiǎn)要介紹了活檢的原理以及目前國內(nèi)一些醫(yī)療設(shè)備的不足,從而引出了開發(fā)一款全自動(dòng)病理組織系統(tǒng)的必要性。最后概述了本課題的來源和研究本課題的意義。第二,主要對(duì)病理組織上位機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)的相關(guān)技術(shù)進(jìn)行闡述。首先作者從前景及發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀方面對(duì)嵌入式系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要介紹;接著概述了嵌入式操作系統(tǒng),對(duì)Linux系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)和目前的發(fā)展做了重點(diǎn)分析,簡(jiǎn)單介紹了uC/OS-II系統(tǒng);最后對(duì)GUI的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了具體說明,對(duì)目前存在的各種GUI進(jìn)行了比較以及性能分析,最后概述了兩者之間的相互影響。第三,介紹了系統(tǒng)的總體架構(gòu)以及相關(guān)開發(fā)平臺(tái)。第四,作者提出了上位機(jī)系統(tǒng)預(yù)調(diào)試方案,簡(jiǎn)單概括了方案設(shè)計(jì)原則以及各模塊可視化界面設(shè)計(jì),最后展示了調(diào)試結(jié)果。在預(yù)調(diào)試過程中,解決了諸多難題,預(yù)調(diào)試成功,則下位機(jī)工作較為完善,為最終調(diào)試減輕負(fù)擔(dān),但是由于預(yù)調(diào)試軟件組態(tài)王主要應(yīng)用于大型工業(yè)控制場(chǎng)合以及軟件的版權(quán)問題,根據(jù)項(xiàng)目要求更換開發(fā)平臺(tái)為Qt,并完成最終調(diào)試。第五,主要討論的是基于Qt的應(yīng)用程序的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)。本章首先介紹了軟件開發(fā)平臺(tái)Qt以及Qt的消息機(jī)制等,接著詳細(xì)介紹了各模塊界面的設(shè)計(jì)以及功能實(shí)現(xiàn)。第六,首先簡(jiǎn)要介紹了Modbus通信協(xié)議,并選定本項(xiàng)目上位機(jī)和下位機(jī)的通訊方式為RTU模式,并展示了設(shè)備間的連線方式;接著詳細(xì)介紹了Modbus主機(jī)功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)過程,并通過簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)例測(cè)試libmodbus庫是否移植成功;最后對(duì)系統(tǒng)通信進(jìn)行了調(diào)試。最后,總結(jié)已經(jīng)完成的工作,針對(duì)具體需求,不斷發(fā)現(xiàn)問題,努力尋找不足。
[Abstract]:In the current medical field, biopsy has always been one of the most important means of medical diagnosis, and the important step of the biopsy is the treatment of pathological tissue. In the process of biopsy, it is necessary to complete the preparation of the pathological tissue first, that is, the preparation of the wax tablets. The pathological tissue structure of the wax was observed by microscope to determine the cause of the disease. Due to the relative backwardness of the domestic pathological tissue equipment, the equipment was difficult to maintain and the cost was high, and the process needed multiple equipment to complete. This project will develop a fully automatic rapid disease with the aid of ultrasonic effect. Tissue treatment equipment provides a rapid method for preparing pathological tissue sections for clinicians, which provides necessary equipment support for large-scale disease screening and pathological diagnosis in the process of surgery. In addition, it can be applied to primary hospitals to provide preliminary diagnostic basis for patients' disease. The upper computer control system of the fast pathological tissue processor has been debugged at the initial stage of the project. In the process of debugging, it finds and solves many difficult problems, such as the communication between the host computer and the lower computer, and so on. According to the requirements of the project, the platform is replaced, and the upper computer control system is developed on the Linux platform by Qt, according to the user's feedback. See, the working process and function of the upper computer have been improved greatly. The interface is more beautiful, concise and more stable. The upper computer system mainly includes dehydration and transparency, wax impregnation, manual sealing wax, cleaning, data export and help modules, complete the interface design of each module, and briefly introduces the functional realization of each module, and finally uses industrial control. The system realizes the control of the lower computer. This article is introduced as follows: first, the principle of biopsy and the shortage of some medical equipment at home are briefly introduced in the introduction. The necessity of developing a fully automatic pathological organization system is introduced. Finally, the source of this subject and the significance of the study are summarized. Second The relevant technology of the upper computer control system of pathological organization is expounded. First, the author briefly introduces the embedded system from the perspective of the future and the current development, and then outlines the embedded operating system, analyzes the characteristics and the current development of the Linux system, and introduces the uC/OS-II system briefly. Finally, the development of the GUI system. The present situation is explained in detail, the existing GUI is compared and the performance analysis is carried out. Finally, the mutual influence between the two is summarized. Third, the overall architecture of the system and the related development platform are introduced. Fourth, the author puts forward the pre debug scheme of the upper computer system, and briefly summarizes the principle of the scheme design and the modules of each module. In the process of pre debug, a lot of problems are solved, the pre debug is successful, the work of the lower machine is more perfect, and the burden is reduced for the final debug. However, because the predebug software Kingview is mainly used in large industrial control situations and the copyright of software, it is replaced and developed according to the requirements of the project. The platform is Qt and completes the final debug. Fifth, the main discussion is the design and implementation of Qt based applications. This chapter first introduces the software development platform Qt and the message mechanism of Qt, and then details the design and function realization of the interface of each module. Sixth, firstly, the Modbus communication protocol is briefly introduced, and the project is selected to select this project. The communication mode between the host computer and the lower computer is the RTU mode, and shows the connection mode between the devices. Then the realization process of the Modbus host function is introduced in detail, and the success of the libmodbus library is tested through a simple example. Finally, the system communication is debugged. Finally, the completed work is summarized, and the specific requirements are constantly issued. At present, we try hard to find a shortage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：R197.39;TP273

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