發(fā)布時間：2019-07-06 11:38

【摘要】：第一部分：重慶市主城區(qū)0-14歲兒童哮喘患病率調(diào)查 目的：了解重慶市主城區(qū)0-14歲兒童哮喘患病率及臨床特點(diǎn),為今后更有效地進(jìn)行兒童哮喘防治工作提供科學(xué)依據(jù)； 方法：(1)采用整群隨機(jī)抽樣在重慶市主城區(qū)抽取0-14歲兒童12000名；(2)通過填寫兒童哮喘與過敏性疾病初篩表對12000名0-14歲兒童進(jìn)行調(diào)查,篩選出可疑哮喘兒童；(3)對可疑哮喘兒童進(jìn)行病史詢問、體格檢查、肺功能檢查、食物過敏原檢查進(jìn)行確診,填寫哮喘兒童調(diào)查表。 結(jié)果：(1)重慶市0-14歲兒童哮喘患病率為4.46%,以0-7歲兒童患病率較高；其中男孩哮喘患病率4.93%,女孩哮喘患病率3.93%,差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P0.05)；(2)哮喘急性發(fā)作誘因最常見的為呼吸道感染；(3)44.49%哮喘患兒合并過敏性鼻炎；(4)在哮喘急性發(fā)作時,全身用糖皮質(zhì)激素使用為36.56%；β2受體激動劑使用率為62.85%,茶堿使用率為31.15%,高達(dá)83.63%的哮喘患兒使用抗生素；在哮喘長期防治過程中：僅48.31%的哮喘使用吸入激素,抗白三烯藥物使用率為24.80%；抗過敏藥物使用率為26.64%；脫敏治療、免疫調(diào)節(jié)劑、中藥以及峰流速儀使用率分別為2.57%,8.30%,27.89%,6.56%； 結(jié)論：(1)重慶市0-14歲兒童哮喘患病率較2000年增加約39.82； (2)哮喘最常見的急性發(fā)病誘因?yàn)楹粑�道感染�?(3)在哮喘防治過中,仍存在不規(guī)范治療的問題。 第二部分：重慶市主城區(qū)0-14歲兒童哮喘相關(guān)危險因素分析 目的：通過病例對照研究,分析影響重慶主城區(qū)兒童哮喘的相關(guān)危險因素。 方法：通過問卷調(diào)查方式,調(diào)查270例哮喘兒童和正常兒童,分析影響哮喘發(fā)病的暴露因素。 結(jié)果：單因素Logistic回歸分析,包括家族過敏史、過敏性鼻炎、食物過敏、妊娠情況、生產(chǎn)情況、添加蛋白質(zhì)輔食、房子裝修、墻面材料、家具材料、臥室門窗材料、室內(nèi)通風(fēng)、室內(nèi)有無霉斑、家庭中吸煙情況等因素與兒童哮喘發(fā)病相關(guān)；多因素Logistic回歸分析顯示,一級親屬哮喘史·(回歸系數(shù)為2.4231)、二級親屬哮喘史(回歸系數(shù)為1.6544)、過敏性鼻炎(回歸系數(shù)為2.5507)、早產(chǎn)(回歸系數(shù)為1.6378)為哮喘兒童患病的危險因素,而墻面材料使用壁紙(回歸系數(shù)為-2.1331)和臥室門窗材料使用塑鋼(回歸系數(shù)為-1.4301)為哮喘兒童患病的保護(hù)因素。 結(jié)論：(1)家族哮喘史、過敏性鼻炎、早產(chǎn)是兒童哮喘危險因素； (2)在進(jìn)行室內(nèi)裝修時,選擇環(huán)保材料并保持通風(fēng)可能會使重慶市主城區(qū)兒童哮喘患病率降低。
[Abstract]:The first part: investigation on the prevalence rate of asthma among children aged 0 / 14 in the main urban area of Chongqing objective: to understand the prevalence and clinical characteristics of asthma in children aged 14 years old in the main urban area of Chongqing, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of asthma in children in the future. Methods: (1) 12000 children aged 0 to 14 years old were selected by cluster random sampling in the main urban area of Chongqing. (2) 12000 children with asthma and allergic diseases were investigated by filling out the initial screening form for asthma and allergic diseases, and 12000 children with suspected asthma were screened out. (3) the children with suspected asthma were diagnosed by medical history inquiry, physical examination, pulmonary function test and food allergen test, and the questionnaire of asthma children was filled out. Results: (1) the prevalence rate of asthma was 4.46% in children aged 14 years old in Chongqing, and 4.93% in boys and 3.93% in girls, the most common inducement of acute attack of asthma was respiratory tract infection, (3) 44.49% of children with asthma were complicated with allergic rhinitis, and the prevalence of asthma was 3.93% in boys and 3.93% in girls, the most common inducement of acute attack of asthma was respiratory tract infection, (3) 44.49% of children with asthma complicated with allergic rhinitis, and 4.93% of children with asthma had allergic rhinitis. (4) in the acute attack of asthma, the use of glucocorticoid, 尾 2 receptor agonist, theophylline and antibiotics were 36.56%, 62.85%, 31.15% and 83.63%, respectively. In the long-term prevention and treatment of asthma, only 48.31% of asthma were treated with inhaled hormone, the use rate of antileukotriene was 24.80%, and the utilization rate of antiallergic drugs was 26.64%. The utilization rates of desensitization, immunomodulator, traditional Chinese medicine and peak velocimeter were 2.57%, 8.30%, 27.89% and 6.56% respectively. Conclusion: (1) the prevalence rate of asthma in Chongqing children aged 0 鈮，

本文編號：2510979