云南省感染性腹瀉流行現(xiàn)狀及四種病原分子流行病學(xué)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-05-23 10:11
【摘要】:[目的]1.分析云南省2013~2015年其他感染性腹瀉的流行特征;2.了解昆明地區(qū)5歲以下兒童病毒性腹瀉中輪狀病毒(RV)、諾如病毒(NoV)、扎如病毒(SaV)、腺病毒(AdV)和星狀病毒(AstV)的感染狀況及流行病學(xué)特征,為疾病的防治、疫苗的研制和生產(chǎn)提供信息;3.了解該地區(qū)杯狀病毒(HuC V)的分子流行病學(xué)特征,明確諾如病毒(NoV)和扎如病毒(SaV)在當(dāng)?shù)氐牧餍行蛣e,為昆明地區(qū)病毒性腹瀉的防治提供參考。[方法]1.用描述流行病學(xué)方法,對(duì)2013~2015年云南省“其他感染性腹瀉”的疫情資料進(jìn)行流行病學(xué)分析。采用Excel和SPSS 22.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析;2.以云南省第一人民醫(yī)院和昆明市兒童醫(yī)院為腹瀉監(jiān)測(cè)哨點(diǎn)醫(yī)院。2014年6月至2015年7月,開(kāi)展5歲以下兒童腹瀉病例監(jiān)測(cè)。采集5歲以下腹瀉患兒的糞便標(biāo)本,同時(shí)收集其人口學(xué)資料及流行病學(xué)資料。采集的腹瀉糞便標(biāo)本制備成10%的便懸液-20℃冰箱保存?zhèn)溆谩S妹嘎?lián)免疫方法(ELISA)檢測(cè)輪狀病毒(RV), ELISA陽(yáng)性者進(jìn)一步用RT-PCR方法進(jìn)行輪狀病毒(RV)的G/P分型;用PCR方法檢測(cè)檢測(cè)腸道腺病毒(AdV);采用RT-PCR方法對(duì)杯狀病毒(HuCV)和星狀病毒(AstV)進(jìn)行檢測(cè);選取諾如病毒(NoV)和扎如病毒(SaV)的部分陽(yáng)性擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行核酸序列測(cè)定。所有腹瀉病毒引物序列均由國(guó)家病毒病所提供。數(shù)據(jù)的計(jì)數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗(yàn)或校正χ2檢驗(yàn),檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn)a=0.05;測(cè)定的序列使用NCBI的BLAST工具比對(duì)驗(yàn)證,確定目標(biāo)病毒。將已測(cè)定的測(cè)序結(jié)果與病毒參考序列輸入到MEGA5.1軟件中,進(jìn)行病毒序列的多重比對(duì)并構(gòu)建病毒進(jìn)化樹(shù)。建樹(shù)模型采用Neighbour-j oining(鄰接法),置信度檢驗(yàn)統(tǒng)計(jì)方法使用Bootstrap,檢驗(yàn)次數(shù)設(shè)置為1000。參考株序列來(lái)自于GenBank數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。[結(jié)果]1.2013-2015年云南省共報(bào)告其他感染性腹瀉病冽50480例,年均發(fā)病率為35.90/10萬(wàn);0-和1~歲年齡組占發(fā)病總數(shù)的60.83%,病例以散居兒童為主;病例集中分布于11~12月份;確診病例數(shù)占報(bào)告發(fā)病總數(shù)的54.50%,其中2013~2015年各年度確診病例數(shù)分別占報(bào)告發(fā)病總數(shù)的47.01%、56.27%和59.48%。2.2014~2015年,監(jiān)測(cè)醫(yī)院共報(bào)告腹瀉例638例,5歲以下兒童334例,納入病例數(shù)為321例,排除13例,采集糞便標(biāo)本321份。321份標(biāo)本中,陽(yáng)性標(biāo)本98份,陽(yáng)性率為30.53%(98/321)。在98份陽(yáng)性標(biāo)本中,輪狀病毒(RV)62份(占19.31%)、人類(lèi)杯狀病毒(HuCV) 29份(占9.03%)、星狀病毒AstV1份(占0.31%)、腺病毒AdV 0份、混合感染6份(占1.87%),混合感染中輪狀病毒和諾如病毒雙重感染5例,輪狀病毒和星狀病毒雙重感染1例;3.本研究中病毒性腹瀉呈四季散發(fā),其發(fā)病高峰集中在10-1月份,以寒冷季節(jié)為主;性別分布上,輪狀病毒(RV)和人類(lèi)杯狀病毒(HuCV)感染性別間發(fā)病率差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;月齡分布上,輪狀病毒(RV)和人類(lèi)杯狀病毒(HuCV)感染主要以24月嬰幼兒為主;4.62份輪狀病毒(RV) ELISA陽(yáng)性標(biāo)本中,G血清型與P基因型分別以G9、P[8]型為優(yōu)勢(shì)株:34份人類(lèi)杯狀病毒(HuCV)陽(yáng)性標(biāo)本中以諾如病毒(NoV)為主,占94.12%(32/34),其中絕大多數(shù)為GⅡ型(31/32,96.88%),僅1株為GI型;扎如病毒(SaV)共2株,占5.88%(2/34),分別為GI型和GⅡ型。[結(jié)論]1.云南省2013~2015年其他感染性腹瀉發(fā)病率以2015年最高,流行集中分布在冬季;1歲及以下的嬰幼兒為其高危人群,應(yīng)重點(diǎn)監(jiān)測(cè)。2.昆明地區(qū)病毒性腹瀉仍以秋冬季節(jié)為主,發(fā)病無(wú)性別差異,24月嬰幼兒為發(fā)病易感人群,應(yīng)加強(qiáng)監(jiān)測(cè);3.輪狀病毒(RV)是其他感染性腹瀉主要病原體,流行型別為G9P[8]型,目前的疫苗可預(yù)防其發(fā);其次為人類(lèi)杯狀病毒(HuCV),而星狀病毒(AstV)和腺病毒(AdV)感染仍呈現(xiàn)散發(fā)流行;4.人類(lèi)杯狀病毒(HuCV)是昆明地區(qū)5歲以下兒童病毒性腹瀉中僅次于輪狀病毒(RV)的重要病原體,GII.4/Sydney2012株是其流行優(yōu)勢(shì)株,目前未發(fā)現(xiàn)有公共衛(wèi)生意義的變異。諾如病毒(NoV)作為RNA病毒,極易發(fā)生變異,新變異株的出現(xiàn)常是新一輪諾如病毒活躍期的預(yù)警,應(yīng)繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)對(duì)人類(lèi)杯狀病毒(HuCV)(尤其是NoV)的病原學(xué)監(jiān)測(cè),從而有效控制由人類(lèi)杯狀病毒(HuCV)(尤其是NoV)引起的感染性腹瀉。
[Abstract]:[Objective] 1. Analysis of the epidemic characteristics of other infectious diarrhea in Yunnan Province from 2013 to 2015; To understand the infection and epidemiological characteristics of rotavirus (RV), NoV (NoV), Zas (SaV), adenovirus (AdV) and star-like virus (AstV) in children under the age of 5 in Kunming, and provide information for the prevention and treatment of diseases, the development and production of the vaccine. 3. To understand the molecular epidemiological characteristics of the regional cup virus (HuC V), it is clear that the epidemic type of NoV and SaV in the local area is a reference for the prevention and treatment of viral diarrhea in Kunming. [Method] 1. The epidemiological analysis of the epidemic data of the "Other infectious diarrhea" in Yunnan Province from 2013 to 2015 was carried out by the method of descriptive epidemiology. Statistical analysis was carried out using Excel and SPSS 22.0 software. The first People's Hospital of Yunnan Province and the Children's Hospital of Kunming are the monitoring sentinel hospitals for diarrhea. From June 2014 to July 2015, the monitoring of children's diarrhea cases under the age of 5 years is carried out. The stool specimens of children under 5 years of age were collected and their demographic data and epidemiological data were collected. The collected stool specimen for diarrhea was prepared as a 10% suspension-20 鈩,
本文編號(hào):2483815
[Abstract]:[Objective] 1. Analysis of the epidemic characteristics of other infectious diarrhea in Yunnan Province from 2013 to 2015; To understand the infection and epidemiological characteristics of rotavirus (RV), NoV (NoV), Zas (SaV), adenovirus (AdV) and star-like virus (AstV) in children under the age of 5 in Kunming, and provide information for the prevention and treatment of diseases, the development and production of the vaccine. 3. To understand the molecular epidemiological characteristics of the regional cup virus (HuC V), it is clear that the epidemic type of NoV and SaV in the local area is a reference for the prevention and treatment of viral diarrhea in Kunming. [Method] 1. The epidemiological analysis of the epidemic data of the "Other infectious diarrhea" in Yunnan Province from 2013 to 2015 was carried out by the method of descriptive epidemiology. Statistical analysis was carried out using Excel and SPSS 22.0 software. The first People's Hospital of Yunnan Province and the Children's Hospital of Kunming are the monitoring sentinel hospitals for diarrhea. From June 2014 to July 2015, the monitoring of children's diarrhea cases under the age of 5 years is carried out. The stool specimens of children under 5 years of age were collected and their demographic data and epidemiological data were collected. The collected stool specimen for diarrhea was prepared as a 10% suspension-20 鈩,
本文編號(hào):2483815
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