發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-04 17:13

  本文選題：《諾桑覺寺》 + 女性教育��； 參考：《北京外國語大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：簡·奧斯汀在小說《諾桑覺寺》中表達(dá)了她進(jìn)步的女性教育觀。她認(rèn)為僅靠父母在家中的教育無法培養(yǎng)出成熟理智的合格女性,她們還需要步入社會(huì),在與他人的交往和閱讀小說等活動(dòng)中獲得個(gè)人成長。在奧斯汀所處的時(shí)代,一種流行的教育觀念大力推崇女性接受家庭教育以保證身心純潔,并認(rèn)為小說會(huì)腐化她們的心靈,引誘讓她們走上歧途。奧斯汀的觀點(diǎn)在當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)背景下是具有進(jìn)步積極的意義的�！吨Z桑覺寺》講述了天真可愛的十七歲女孩凱瑟琳·莫蘭的成長故事。莫蘭家輕松自由的氛圍讓凱瑟琳長成了一位心地善良、單純可愛的少女,但也讓她的思考方式簡單幼稚,對(duì)外面世界的復(fù)雜一無所知。她走出家門,踏入巴思市之后,才真正開始接受社會(huì)的教育,迅速成長起來。凱瑟琳在巴思市結(jié)識(shí)了兩對(duì)兄妹,出身優(yōu)渥的蒂爾尼兄妹正直而博學(xué),家境平平的索普兄妹利欲熏心、不學(xué)無術(shù)。這兩對(duì)兄妹的品性與興趣截然不同,在與他們及其他人的交往之中,凱瑟琳逐漸了解到人性的復(fù)雜,明白人的言行是可以不一致的,從而不再受表象所蒙蔽,能夠做出準(zhǔn)確的判斷。在這個(gè)過程中,凱瑟琳未來的丈夫亨利·蒂爾尼扮演了關(guān)鍵的"導(dǎo)師"角色,他循循善誘,引導(dǎo)她進(jìn)行理性思考,最終走向成熟。不過亨利并非完美無缺。他自詡為女性專家,帶著男性的權(quán)威與自信指點(diǎn)凱瑟琳該如何行事,可他對(duì)女性的判斷也有偏差的時(shí)候。他處處維護(hù)父親和哥哥,偏袒之心一覽無余,盡管他心里很清楚他們道德卑劣的一面。凱瑟琳對(duì)這位"導(dǎo)師"的態(tài)度,也隨著她的成長而變化。最初她剛剛陷入愛河,對(duì)亨利言聽計(jì)從,.完全依賴他的判斷。經(jīng)歷一系列事件之后,她的獨(dú)立思考能力開始萌芽,在亨利袒護(hù)蒂爾尼上校的時(shí)候,首次對(duì)亨利的判斷產(chǎn)生了質(zhì)疑,他逐漸不再是凱瑟琳心中絕對(duì)權(quán)威的代言人。到了小說的結(jié)尾,凱瑟琳終于認(rèn)清蒂爾尼將軍傲慢、虛偽的真面目,她沒有再受亨利袒護(hù)之辭的蒙蔽,對(duì)將軍的品格作出了獨(dú)立的判斷。凱瑟琳從完全依賴導(dǎo)師,到質(zhì)疑導(dǎo)師,再到獨(dú)立于導(dǎo)師的過程,折射出她心智成長的軌跡,更重要的是她最后也反過來影響了導(dǎo)師亨利。亨利從小生活在父親的專制壓迫之下,習(xí)慣在父親面前保持沉默,盡管不贊同父親和哥哥不道德的行為,也不會(huì)公開反對(duì),反而在外人面前處處維護(hù)。雖然他非常欣賞凱瑟琳的善良正直,但他沒法像凱瑟琳那樣坦率。在蒂爾尼將軍無禮地將凱瑟琳掃地出門后,亨利終于為了凱瑟琳站了出來,勇敢地反抗父親的暴政,守護(hù)他們的愛情,最終與凱瑟琳喜結(jié)良緣。簡·奧斯汀在這部小說中較為完整地表達(dá)了她的女性教育觀,針對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)英國女性教育的討論中兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵問題提出了她自己獨(dú)到的見解。其一是家庭教育與學(xué)校教育孰優(yōu)孰劣。在奧斯汀的時(shí)代,教育學(xué)家和作家普遍認(rèn)為女性在家里接受教育更有利于培養(yǎng)美德,在學(xué)校只能學(xué)到華而不實(shí)的技能,其純潔更面臨著被玷污的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。奧斯汀在其他小說中確實(shí)對(duì)這些學(xué)校提出過委婉的批評(píng),但她也不認(rèn)為家庭教育十全十美,認(rèn)為將女性禁錮在家中不僅不能保證她品行端正,還會(huì)讓她對(duì)這個(gè)世界一無所知。她在《諾桑覺寺》中主張讓女性走出家門,接受社會(huì)的洗禮,彌補(bǔ)家庭教育的不足。其二是女性是否應(yīng)當(dāng)讀小說。這是當(dāng)時(shí)女性教育討論的重點(diǎn),因?yàn)?8世紀(jì)有閑階級(jí)女性的識(shí)字率提升,空閑時(shí)間更多,加之流動(dòng)圖書館的普及,讓讀小說成為鄉(xiāng)紳及貴族階級(jí)婦女的一大消遣方式。流行的觀點(diǎn)一般分為兩派,保守派認(rèn)為小說會(huì)將女性引入歧途,堅(jiān)決反對(duì)小說,而進(jìn)步派則認(rèn)為小說具有教化作用,有利于女性教育。奧斯汀在《諾桑覺寺》中明確指出小說具有重要的價(jià)值,通過安排讓凱瑟琳沉迷哥特小說,接著破除小說的幻覺,最后從小說中獲得裨益,表明小說并非洪水猛獸,而是一種優(yōu)秀的文學(xué)體裁,既能給人以娛樂,又能潛移默化地教育讀者。作為讀者,則要懂得如何批判地看待小說,取其精華去其糟粕,才能從小說中獲取寶貴的知識(shí)。
[Abstract]:Jan Austin expressed her progressive female education view in the novel < nsang Jue Temple >. She believed that the education of the parents at home alone could not cultivate qualified and qualified women. They also needed to enter the society, gain a personal length in the activities of interacting with others and reading novels. In the era of Austen, it was a popular one. The idea of education strongly advocates that women accept family education to ensure their physical and mental purity, and that novels will corrupt their minds and induce them to go astray. Austen's view is of progressive and positive significance in the social background of that time. The relaxed atmosphere of the Mulan family made Catherine become a kind-hearted, simple and lovely girl, but she also made her thinking simple and naive. She knew nothing about the complexity of the outside world. After she walked out of the house, she started to accept the education of the society and grew up quickly. Catherine met in Barth. The two brothers and sisters, the superior siblings of the siblings were upright and learned, and the flat Thorpe siblings were rich and unlearned. The character and interest of the two brothers and sisters were completely different. In the communication with them and others, Catherine gradually realized the complexity of human nature, and the white words and deeds could be dissimilar, and thus no longer accepted the appearance. In the process, Catherine's future husband, Henry tyre, played a key "tutor" role, which led her to rational thinking and eventually matured. But Henry was not perfect. He claimed to be a female expert with the authority and confidence of men to point out Catherine. How to act, but his judgment of women was also deviant. He maintained his father and brother in a clear view, although he had a clear understanding of their moral and despicable side. Catherine's attitude to the "tutor" changed with her growth. At first she had just fallen in love and was completely dependent on Henry. After a series of events, after a series of events, her ability to think independently began to germinate. When Henry took part in Colonel T - Tian, Henry was the first to question his judgment. He was no longer a spokesman for Catherine's absolute authority. At the end of the novel, Catherine finally recognized the arrogance and hypocrisy of general Gen. She did not be deceived by Henry's paternal words and made an independent judgement on the general's character. Catherine reflected the path of her mental growth from the full dependence of his mentor to his tutor and to his independent mentor, and, more importantly, in turn, that she had in turn influenced his tutor, Henry, who lived in his father's autocratic oppression from his childhood. Under the habit of keeping silent in front of his father, although he did not approve of the immoral behavior of his father and brother, he did not openly oppose it, but instead of maintaining it in front of the outsider. Although he was very appreciating Catherine's kindness and integrity, he could not be as Frank as Catherine. After TiNi was disrespectfully sweeping Catherine out of the army, Henry finally was Catherine stood out, bravely rebel against the tyranny of his father, guarded their love, and finally married Catherine. Jane Austen expressed her view of female education more completely in this novel, and put forward her own views on two key issues in the discussion of the British female education at that time. In Austen's time, educators and writers generally believe that women's education at home is more conducive to virtue. In schools, they can only learn the flashy skills, and their purity is faced with the risk of being tarnished. In other novels, Austen has made euphemistic criticism of these schools. She does not think that family education is perfect, and that the confinement of women to her family is not only a guarantee of her integrity, but also to let her know nothing about the world. She advocates that women go out of the house, accept the baptism of society, make up for the lack of family education. The focus of the discussion on sex education is that in eighteenth Century, the literacy rate of the leisure class women, more leisure time, and the popularization of the mobile library made reading novels a major pastime for the gentry and the aristocratic women. The popular views were generally divided into two schools, and the Conservatives believed that the young would lead the female astray, and firmly opposed the novel. The step school believes that the novel has an enlightening role and is beneficial to the education of women. Austen clearly points out that the novel has important value in the monastery of the Sam. By arranging for Catherine to indulge Gothic novels, then to break the hallucinations of the novel, and to gain benefit from the novel, which shows that the novel is not a wild animal but an excellent literary genre. As a reader, we should know how to critically look at the novel and take its essence to the dross, so as to obtain valuable knowledge from the novel.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：I561.074

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