發(fā)布時(shí)間：2017-04-17 15:45

經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退正在惡化國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)。它以不同的方式影響環(huán)境，例如增加失業(yè)率，業(yè)務(wù)和生產(chǎn)力的逐漸下降，投資下降等。在衰退的時(shí)候，人力資源職能的作用是具有挑戰(zhàn)性和可觀的。人力資源能對(duì)組織產(chǎn)生重大影響。目前的人力資源實(shí)踐是一致的，通過公司和一致的企業(yè)使命，他們成功地履行其既定的目的，在培訓(xùn)和發(fā)展。在當(dāng)前的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)下，，每一個(gè)組織都是降低運(yùn)營成本在市場(chǎng)中生存，一些公司削減員工極度削減自己的工資和獎(jiǎng)金，因?yàn)檫@些員工心理和生理上的壓力。在這種情況下，人力資源管理這些問題至關(guān)重要的作用。

Recession is worsening nation's economic activity. It effects the environment in different ways, for example increases unemployment, a gradual decline in business and productivity, decline in investment etc. At the time of recession, the role of HR function is challenging and appreciable. HR can make a high impact on organisations. The current HR practices are consistent through the company and congruent with corporate mission and they succeeded in fulfilling their stated purpose in training and development. In the current economic situation every organisation is reducing operating cost to survive in the market and some company cutting their employees extremely and cutting down their salary and bonus, because of these employees were mentally and physically stressed .In this situation HR have crucial role to manage these all problems.

HR Strategy role in the current economic situation 人力資源戰(zhàn)略在當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)中的作用
HR strategy is the procedural action in which a company employees, or manages, develops, human resources in order to achieve its corporate mission and objectives. Human Resource is one of the most sophisticated and delicate department to handle in an organization. Dealing with the employees meeting the organizations objective through them while satisfying there needs is an issue many companies face in the real life work environment scenario. Working with peoples mind and hearts is a technique which when handled well creates a great internal strength throughout the organization and vice versa will create chaos. When it comes to employment, its not only the finance. Factor that we deal with but the overall culture should be rewarding. Incentives, Bonus, perks may create. Satisfaction but that's not the end. Dealing with different employees is all about dealing with different ego types, all specific in there own ways. A tactic may satisfy one but may be offensive for other, especially in today's work environment which is multi-culturistic. Also providing a stress free environment, developing a feeling of the company's culture will enhance employee trust which inversely increases the productivity.  Treat all the employee as an  important individual, ask opinions, engage them in discussions, create reward programs and never miss out an opportunity where you can appreciate; but make sure you be genuine and don't let people feel you as a whole bunch of crap. Ha Ha..

HR is developing the skills and talents of the employees to achieve the goals.During recessionary period it is very essential to recruit people who posse high competence and potential level. In this current situation HR giving importance to Performance management, performance appraisal processes, Diversity and cross-cultural policies, Employee motivation, Employee satisfaction surveys, But according to current scenario, almost all the industries suffer from recession.

HR implementing these policies during recession
Employee motivation programs
Employee orientation and integration program
Training program design and development
Employee satisfaction surveys
Diversity and cross-cultural policies
Preventing and handling problems with employees
Performance management and performance appraisal processes

Recruitment Strategies 招聘策略
According to the surveys and reports it is seen that many organizations in UK and USA have forced employees to leave job. As the result many people are suffering without employment. Job opportunity doors are completely closed after recession. According to Watson Wyatt study, 25% of organizations are still hiring people. And most of them think that it is an insane decision but actually its not so in reality. Particularly at the time of recession, it is preferred to recruit talented and highly skilled people from the available set of candidates
The companies which are recruiting people during recession will receive several resumes which make it more competitive and challenging for putting in the correct employee for the right designation. The employers are very much particular about the recruitment budget.

The most essential HR function is considered to be Man power planning. If recruitment is done with improper selection techniques, will lead to major drawbacks and which ultimately results in dangerous impact. Understaffing mainly affects the areas of Business economies of scale and specialization, clients, income, orders and profit margin. But on the other side overstaffing consumes lot of time and the process is more expensive. At the same time overstaffing is time consuming tedious and expensive. Also, sometimes leads to the competitive inefficiency of the business. Thus appropriate measures must be taken in organizing staff levels within the estimation of the current and future needs of the organization comparable with the accessible resources.

Advertising.
When the top management level provides the basic needs, HRM function can give detailed description about the job and post the job through different Medias. The most effective recruiting tool which can be made use of is videos since they can favor in successful interpretation of obsession at the organization.

Job fares.
This is one of the most popular way to draw attention of thousands of candidates. Therefore recruitment at local and national events, thus recruiting at local and national events, trade shows, job fairs, awards, seminars may result in immediate candidate selection. On the whole improvement of the brand, commercial networks, blogs, corporate graduates and employee recommendation will also support in rapid assessment of selective candidates. These results only to the first stage of selection process which is followed by aptitude test, group discussion, technical round and HR round which makes the entire interview process more complicated and time consuming. But job fares conducted will reduce the expense of the whole process of recruitment.

Application forms and CV
Certain organization prefers candidates to fill up the application forms and to submit their resume. Mostly the application forms must be precise. With their application forms and based on the requirement the candidates are selected. Few companies require only CV with which they acquire necessary information about the candidate and recruits the right candidate for the right job.

External agencies
In the current market scenario, recruitment process outsourcing is catching the attention of many MNC's with an idea to improve the bottomline and at the same time to maintain quality The best outstanding example is Kellogg's company which succeeded through external agencies.they achieved their ambitious goals not by rebuilding recruitment internally but by hiring the process to RES which adopted internet-based applicant management technology, ROAM. Hiring to RES adopting the web based they could cut down on the hiring period by 50 percent and average cost reduced over and also low skilled laborers can be selected who can work for low wages which helps the organization during recession, by generating flow of cash for themselves.

However, recruitment strategies vary in different sectors. MNC'S which wisely decide to recruit even during recession would bring out the changes in recession, thus putting the allocated budget to proper use where as it is not the same in SME which go in for proper mix of multi and low skilled labourers.external recruiting sources help in taping multiple sources of talent rather than internal recruiting which sometimes may not provide sufficient number of applicants.

Group Discussion and Presentations
Few companies are very much specific about the communication skills and they prefer testing the fluency of the candidates. Based on that the candidates are filtered and recruited. Particularly organizations such as BPO.

E-Recruiting.
Internet is the most preferred for searching jobs and it is the simplest way as well. The organization can track the details of the candidates and filters according to their consideration. The filtered candidates are then called for interview and then the selection process is carried on. This way of recruiting is also less expensive and cuts down the budget cost.

Role of HR in strategic people management.
An HR has a great role in an organization and the related HR function consist of the activities like overall employee relation maintenance, motivation of employees, assessment of performance, employee welfare, dealt with change in situations etc.

Motivation.
It is a really great job to motivate a team than individual. Many individuals with different goals believe, values and expectation are to be handle by HR is really a hectic task. In many situation in an organization, the role of HR really matters like making good working conditions, craft personal loyalty to employees, implementing disciplinary action , make promotions, having personal relation and helpful towards employees, handling their financial problems, appreciation of good work etc. In certain fluctuating situations like financial imbalance and recession, the HR should have the skill to handle the employee's attitude towards the work. This may be the situations where the company gone through the change in environment. It involves the situation in which the employees feel insecurity in job, imbalance in financial conditions, adapting problems with change to the environment etc. This is the stage where the HR should motivate the employees in order to make them continue to be productive like before. An HR should be aware of the leadership qualities and should know the mindset of the employees.

Employee rewards.
Rewards such as financial and as well as psychological rewards must be given to all employees by an organization. By this means all the staffs get motivated by receiving such rewards. Irrespective of the economic status all employees must be given rewards, bonus, and salary hike. This kind of rewards will help organization to sustain highly qualified staff especially during the times of recession. This technique may improve the overall situation and organizations which are badly hit by recession may turn out to a better way by adapting this technique. This in-turn develops the mutual relationship among the employees and between the employer and employees as well. By this way the organization gains trust from the employees. The rewards which does not involve money must also be taken into account and these are termed out to be non-financial rewards like additional pay for critical work done by an employee, flexibility in working hours, exchange of management related confidential information with the top management. Because all these rewards may create a good response from the employee side. Certain programs are conducted to reveal the individual talents and efforts. The amount of hard work put in by the employees is easily recognized by the company with the help of program such as Strategic employment recognition.

Employee relations.
It is essential for all companies to possess extradinory leadership skill to prosper specifically at the time of recession. This leadership quality is required to build in confidence among employees and thus creating environment of trust-worthy staffs. During the time of recession the people are much worried about their financial security and with this fear they are not in a position to complete the allocated task. This in turn affects the productivity of the overall success of the organization. This is due to the stress level increased of the employees regarding the job security and finance. According to Derek Irwin " companies with high employee engagement show a 50 percent differentiated in operating income over those with low engagement scores, making engaging employers critical for company success-especially when a company is struggling for margins during an economic downturn" (personnel.com). The employers are using the recession to improve communication and to retain honesty, respect and optimism. Communication must be in an effective manner and must be more precise and concise and most importantly fluent. Providing all the information they need is the foundation for any good relation. To make employees feel secure during recession communicating the objectives and vision of the organization must be made effective. Recognition and positive reception would donate to the edging up of the overall presentation. Employment law should be restructured without having concern about the economic circumstances.

Training and Development.
The economic recession had done a vast damage in the organization levels in the most business sectors. The recession forced the organizations to cut short its major events ,activities and programs .they have also struggling with skilled human recourses. Is the skill and talent is an inborn or developed one? No doubt about that, it's developed one. But inborn one should be only a boost. Skills and talents can be developed through the long lasting training and developing program. So due to impact of recession the most of organizations first think of cutting the most expensive training program. And try to catch skilled technicians. But they are not realizing that the skill and the talent that suit their requirement would be developed only through their training programs. It is very hard to admit that these organizations is spending their major economic share in training and development programs but the recent survey shows that UK companies spending 38.5 billion for training (Anon, 2009 training and development in recession).

Training helps the organization to utilize its employee and make aware about the company's expectations. This may motivate them to work hard and incubate themselves to organizational working pattern. As training help the organization to know the strength and weakness of employee and to reverse it

Whatever said and proved it is really hard to carry on with the huge expense in the present scenario?. But questions are not questions without answers. There are a few subsituatory channels like out sourcing which help the company's to take the control of their training budget.

Flexibility.
It's a great challenge for HR to recover the economical damage done by recession .The successful management of working hours has helped both the small scale and large scale sector to re cover to large extent .According to the report CBI the recession can be reduced by the successful implementation of flexible working. Survey shows 45% of employers having flexible working and 24% are considering making increases.

HR should categories the work flexibility and try to implement according to the organizational benefit for example temporal and numeral flexibility which help organization to utilize the part time work effectively ,It also the duty of HR to make sure the company is getting benefit out of the multi- skilled labour program .To regain the recessions outsourcing some of its working so that they have clear control over the budget as they paying very less for the outsourcing.HR providing lot of working flexibility like unpaid holidays ,working at home , call centers and tele working (geographical flexibility) it will help the reduce the stress of employees and to work freely .

Out Sourcing
In the recessionary period the most of the organization are out sourcing their some kind of their job activities. The main purpose of out sourcing the to cut down the running cost.

According to the recent survey 69% of legal activities, 64% pension. By applying HR out sourcing strategy in the current economic the company can achieve their target goals.

There potential benefits in HR outsourcing.

Stabilizing operating expensive
Reducing employment risk
Enhancing employee performance
HR resources can operate more strategically. Increased efficiency.
improved people management information
Reduced cost.

Increased flexibility and speed of response to HR Problems.

The main 3 reasons for outsourcing 2009 outsourcing survey available are knowledge and skills 71%, quality 64% and cost of reduction 61%

Retention
This is the major crisis that HR faces in recession period .The high labour has tendency to shift their work place because of the various varies strategies adopted by the organisation to cop with economical down turn. The one of the main reason is cost cutting for example reduction in incentive, work load, multi labouring etc.So it is prime duty of HR to make sure to retain their high skilled human resource the hr has to implement various rewards' provide leisure activities and break between the working to refresh employees, HR should provide motivational training and stress management to the employees, HR should provide to reduce the flexibility to reduce the employee stress. HR makes sure that is all its employees are satisfied with current strategy and policy adopted by organization

HR manager role with recession svictims.
It is obvious that every HR manager would be confused with the consequences of recession and future of all the candidates to find a job with possible efforts. During this economic downturn it makes it even more tough and challenging for the HR manager to properly exploit the acquired talent to achieve the desired results within the target period. When recession victims are recruited care should be taken to avoid work place sarcasm by the colleagues who affects the morale of the employees. Affective communication without alienating the recession victims should take place.

They should be given reasonably good-pay without compromising on experience, skill and qualification required. They should never be interfered while they are in the process of success and involved in performance delivery.

They should be trained in soft skills which help them overcome tough times and should never be allowed to whine without finishing the task at hand. Contractual and legal obligations should be updated and transparency should be obtained. Though the returns, margins will be sufficiently low during recession, the HR should still have to support the speed and efficiency even more. People in the Hr department will find their job even more attractive during recession as they will have huge impact on the overall success of the organization.

Implementation and Evaluation
The important responsibility of the HR is to make the organizational polices , objectives and principles supportive and flexible to its benefiationaries .HR should also tried to integrate training and development program with rewards and interesting payment skill .Communication system of an organization should get additional attention for its natural functioning ,For HR intervention ROI measured using models like Kirkpatrick model (1959) its very hard for every intervention to reach level for as the contradictory factor may influence the performance of the organization all the shorter method are widely used these days but not be effective or successful completely

Conclusion. 結(jié)論
HR plays key role in the recession period for the better functioning of a organization.HR role is more challenging and ever changing as compare to the previous one because world is facing its ever long lasting period. To overturn the economic down turn human resource planning training and development programs, organizational budgeting are the serious threat in front of the HR manager .HR should find solution for the problem in such a way to benefit to both organization and employee

Recommendation.建議
Recommendation should be done wisely by keeping key strategic plan ahead and should analyze all aspects of current economic status both macro and micro economics .The very first and most important point of recommendation is the recruit strategy because the recruit cell or specialist can't find any business strategy it overcome recession the most important asset or tools of an organization is its valuable employees .So rewards and liberal pay scale will satisfy them which inturn boost the organization by avoiding the additional staffing or to reduce high expensive of training programs and new talent search

Effective employees between the management and employees will help to reduce unnecessary tension and to remove rumors above the working sector. It also help the employee to understand the current financial position of their company Top up training programs should be conducted irrespective of the economic downturn. There are different ways in which a HR can contribute for the success of an organization. Their work should be meaning full and beneficial to control the budget of company to come out of the worst economical distraction.

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