【摘要】：虛擬現(xiàn)實技術是應用計算機創(chuàng)建真實感場景并使用戶體驗虛擬世界的仿真系統(tǒng),它利用計算機生成一種模擬環(huán)境,通過一些技術支持使人的聽覺和視覺等得到感知,讓人有一種沉浸式的體驗。虛擬博物館由于可以跨越區(qū)域限制,良好地記錄和保存文物,并可以和用戶進行互動,展示介紹文物,目前已受到越來越多研究者的關注,成為虛擬現(xiàn)實領域研究的熱點之一。本文首先對虛擬博物館的研究狀況和相關技術進行闡述,然后針對已有的WebGL三維場景開發(fā)技術中存在的碰撞檢測效率低、大場景渲染壓力大等問題進行了分析,研究了三個關鍵技術并實現(xiàn)一種基于WebGL的3D虛擬博物館系統(tǒng),使用戶可以流暢地漫游場景并進行交互。本文的主要工作如下:(1)給出了一種基于XML的場景構建方法。該方法將系統(tǒng)場景分為兩類節(jié)點:一類是包含鏈接信息、模型節(jié)點和標識信息的布局節(jié)點,另一類是包含模型位置、材質、屬性等信息的模型節(jié)點。在對資源服務器中的資源構建虛擬場景時,根據(jù)基于XML的場景構建規(guī)則,形成場景構建的配置文件,瀏覽器則根據(jù)XML的內容進行場景渲染并和服務器交互。實際應用結果表明該方法降低了場景的渲染壓力并增加了交互性。(2)給出了一種基于WebGL的碰撞檢測方法。該方法采用XML的樹狀結構確定碰撞區(qū)域,并對碰撞區(qū)域中的靜態(tài)模型運用AABB包圍盒來進行描述。在對象運動時,將根據(jù)采用鼠標或鍵盤兩種不同運動方式來實現(xiàn)碰撞檢測和運動控制。實際應用結果表明該方法可以快速檢測場景中的連續(xù)碰撞。(3)提出了一種虛擬博物館數(shù)據(jù)傳輸技術。該技術根據(jù)虛擬博物館傳輸數(shù)據(jù)的特點,分為服務器存儲的靜態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)和交互時產生的動態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)。在系統(tǒng)運行時,根據(jù)傳輸數(shù)據(jù)的不同類型采用不同的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸方式,即對于靜態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)采用基于HTTP的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸方式,對于動態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)則采用基于WebSocket的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸方式。實際應用結果表明該技術提高了虛擬場景的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸效率和實時性。(4)在對上述技術進行研究的基礎上,本文設計并實現(xiàn)了一種基于WebGL的3D虛擬博物館系統(tǒng)。在系統(tǒng)的客戶端實現(xiàn)了虛擬場景展示、第一人稱漫游和場景交互功能,服務器端則實現(xiàn)了場景管理、用戶管理、數(shù)據(jù)備份等功能,并結合緩存機制和分布式部署,保證3D虛擬博物館系統(tǒng)的高效運行和實時互動。
[Abstract]:Virtual reality technology is a simulation system that uses computer to create realistic scene and enable users to experience virtual world. It makes use of computer to create a simulation environment and makes people's hearing and vision be perceived through some technical support. It's an immersive experience. Virtual museum has attracted more and more researchers' attention and become one of the research hotspots in the field of virtual reality because it can span regional restrictions, record and preserve cultural relics well, and interact with users to display and introduce cultural relics. In this paper, the research status and related technologies of virtual museum are described, and then the problems of low efficiency of collision detection and high rendering pressure of large scene in the existing 3D scene development technology of WebGL are analyzed. This paper studies three key technologies and implements a 3D virtual museum system based on WebGL, which enables users to roam the scene smoothly and interact with each other. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) A scenario construction method based on XML is presented. This method divides the system scene into two kinds of nodes: one is the layout node which contains the link information, the model node and the identification information, the other is the model node which contains the information of model location, material, attribute and so on. When constructing virtual scene for resource server, according to the rules of scene construction based on XML, the configuration file is formed, and the browser renders the scene according to the content of XML and interacts with the server. The practical application results show that the method reduces the rendering pressure of the scene and increases the interaction. (2) A collision detection method based on WebGL is proposed. In this method, the XML tree structure is used to determine the collision area, and the static model in the collision region is described by AABB bounding box. When the object is moving, collision detection and motion control will be realized according to two different motion modes: mouse and keyboard. The practical application results show that this method can quickly detect continuous collisions in the scene. (3) A virtual museum data transmission technology is proposed. According to the characteristics of virtual museum data transmission, this technology can be divided into static data stored by server and dynamic data generated by interaction. When the system is running, different data transmission methods are adopted according to different types of data transmission, that is, for static data, data transmission mode based on HTTP, and data transmission mode based on WebSocket for dynamic data. The practical application results show that the technology improves the data transmission efficiency and real-time of virtual scene. (4) based on the research of the above technology, this paper designs and implements a 3D virtual museum system based on WebGL. Virtual scene display, first person roaming and scene interaction are implemented on the client side of the system, while scene management, user management, data backup and other functions are implemented on the server side, combined with cache mechanism and distributed deployment. Ensure the efficient operation and real-time interaction of the 3 D virtual museum system.
【學位授予單位】：江蘇大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP391.9;G260.7;TP311.52

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