發(fā)布時間：2018-12-13 06:23

【摘要】：隨著經濟的快速發(fā)展和人民生活水平的不斷提高,全球餐飲行業(yè)的數量快速增長。餐飲行業(yè)所產生的廢水一部分未經處理就排入環(huán)境中,而且近年來排放量也在不斷升高。餐飲廢水中有機物,脂肪,植物油和油脂(FOGS)等污染物會對環(huán)境和人體健康產生不利影響,這引起了各國政府的高度重視,為此制定了控制污水排放的相關法律。蘭州是甘肅省的省會。近年來,蘭州地區(qū)的餐飲業(yè)飛速發(fā)展,這使得有更多的未經處理的餐飲廢水被排放。目前,餐飲廢水的無害化處理成為亟待解決的問題。本文以蘭州餐飲企業(yè)所產生的廢水為研究對象,對餐飲廢水中污染物含量(BOD5,CODcr,SS,TN,TP,NH3-N,LAS,pH,FOGS)進行了測定分析。采用微生物法和物理法相結合的方法處理廢水,該方法具有操作簡單、處理成本低、效率高、不產生二次污染的優(yōu)點,其研究結果主要包括:(1)對蘭州市餐飲廢水的排放特點和分布區(qū)域進行了調查,參照國標方法以BOD5,CODcr,SS,TN,TP,NH3-N,pH,LAS,和食用油這10項污染指標為檢測對象,對蘭州市餐飲廢水的水質進行測定和分析,在初步分析結果中,除了TN、NH3-N和pH這3項指標沒有超過國家一級B標準外,其他7項檢測結果全部高于國家一級B排放標準,初步掌握了蘭州餐飲廢水水質特征,為開展下一步研究工作和今后開展同類研究奠定了良好的基礎。(2)根據蘭州市餐飲廢水水質特征,針對廢水水質高CODcr、BOD5、和TP等特點,對餐飲廢水處理中好氧、厭氧、物理吸附和固定化這4個關鍵技術進行了設計、研究,因此,本試驗設計了高效、易操作的小型餐飲廢水處理工藝,并對廢水處理單元的相關參數進行了計算和相應的設計。(3)厭氧折流反應器(ABR)的抗水負荷能力較強,在整個運行過程中通過在馴化污泥中添加反硝化復合菌粉,能夠較好的提高對餐飲廢水的處理效率。在溫度為20-30℃之間,并采用連續(xù)曝氣的方式,經過35天7個循環(huán)周期的馴化運行完成了厭氧污泥的馴化。ABR運行處于穩(wěn)定期時,當HRT為20h,pH為6.5-7.5,運行溫度維持在25℃時,結果表明,厭氧處理對廢水中污染物特別是對CODcr,BOD5和SS的去除率達到了77.3-87.2%,達到了ABR處理器的較好處理效果。(4)生物接觸氧化法作為一種高效、簡便和快捷的污水處理工藝,同時具備生物膜法和的活性污泥法的特點。生物接觸氧化池在運行期間采用間歇式的方法,即每個循環(huán)周期進一次水并添加一定量的硝化菌粉。在好氧活性污泥馴化經過40天8個循環(huán)周期完成了馴化。在生物接觸氧化池運行期間采用固定化技術進行掛膜,結果顯示,固定化技術能夠提高處理效率。為了進一步提高廢水的處理效果,我們設計了低成本物理吸附處理工藝,采用爐渣,石英砂,活性炭作為吸附材料,三種材料組合試驗效果最好。(5)利用分離純化技術從活性污泥中獲得污水處理優(yōu)勢菌種,并對其進行了菌種鑒定,共得到細菌7株,真菌10株,研究了優(yōu)勢菌種的進化關系,分析了優(yōu)勢菌種對餐飲廢水中有機污染物的降解機理。(6)通過小型餐飲廢水處理裝置進行了廢水處理組合放大試驗研究,處理結果顯示,經過該系統處理后出水達到國家一級B標準。本項研究中采用操作簡便、高效、低成本、無二次污染的微生物復合處理方法對蘭州市餐飲廢水進行處理,出水達到了國家《城鎮(zhèn)污水處理廠污染物排放標準》(GB18918-2002)一級B標準,以期可進一步進行中試和生產規(guī)模的試驗研究。
[Abstract]:With the rapid economic development and the continuous improvement of the people's living standard, the number of the global catering industry has increased rapidly. Part of the waste water produced in the catering industry is discharged into the environment without being treated, and in recent years the emissions have also increased. The pollutants such as organic matter, fat, vegetable oil and grease (FOGS) in the catering wastewater will have a negative impact on the environment and the health of the human body, which has aroused the great attention of the governments, and the relevant laws for controlling the sewage discharge are formulated for this purpose. Lanzhou is the capital of Gansu province. In recent years, the rapid development of the catering industry in Lanzhou area has caused more untreated wastewater to be discharged. At present, the harmless treatment of catering wastewater is a problem to be solved urgently. In this paper, the pollutant content (BOD5, CODcr, SS, TN, TP, NH3-N, LAS, pH, FOGS) in the wastewater of the catering wastewater was determined and analyzed. The method has the advantages of simple operation, low treatment cost, high efficiency and no secondary pollution. The method has the advantages of simple operation, low treatment cost, high efficiency and no secondary pollution. According to the national standard, the water quality of the waste water in Lanzhou is determined and analyzed by BOD5, CODcr, SS, TN, TP, NH3-N, pH, LAS, and edible oil. In the preliminary analysis, in addition to TN, The three indexes of NH3-N and pH do not exceed the level-B standard at the national level, and the other seven test results are all higher than that of the B-emission standard at the national level, and the characteristics of the water quality of the Lanzhou catering wastewater are preliminarily mastered, thus laying a good foundation for carrying out the next research work and carrying out similar research in the future. (2) According to the characteristics of the water quality of the wastewater in the city of Lanzhou, the four key technologies such as aerobic, anaerobic, physical adsorption and immobilization in the wastewater treatment of the catering wastewater are designed and studied according to the characteristics of high CODcr, BOD5, and TP in the wastewater. The easy-to-operate small-sized catering wastewater treatment process and the related parameters of the wastewater treatment unit are calculated and the corresponding design is carried out. and (3) the water-resistant capacity of the anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) is strong, and the denitrification compound bacteria powder is added into the acclimatized sludge in the whole operation process, so that the treatment efficiency of the catering wastewater can be better improved. At the temperature of 20-30 鈩，

本文編號：2376062