【摘要】：妝奩是中國(guó)女性的陪嫁資產(chǎn),由于女性沒有直接家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)繼承權(quán),因此妝奩就成為了她們能夠獨(dú)立掌握的主要財(cái)產(chǎn)。明代是中國(guó)古代歷史上一個(gè)重要的轉(zhuǎn)型期,它繼承了前代的婚俗文化,同時(shí)也在此基礎(chǔ)之上形成新的文化風(fēng)氣。在明代不同女性所處的社會(huì)階層與出身不同,導(dǎo)致他們的妝奩來源、種類各不相同。女性自身社會(huì)角色轉(zhuǎn)變,對(duì)于妝奩的所有與使用情況也是不同的,這就很大程度上影響了她們?nèi)松煌A段的生活狀態(tài)與活動(dòng)氛圍。女性在出嫁獲得妝奩之后,對(duì)于妝奩的支配范圍,涉及支持家庭日常生活、支持丈夫的事業(yè)、供養(yǎng)公婆、留給子孫以及資助宗族親屬,甚至涉及女性投資經(jīng)商和資助慈善等社會(huì)活動(dòng)。妝奩的厚薄,既能影響女性的擇偶標(biāo)準(zhǔn),也會(huì)影響明代已婚女性的家庭地位。隨著明代商品經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)繁榮發(fā)展,婚姻論財(cái)觀念的興起,人們?cè)诨槎Y中愈加重視妝奩,陪送的房臥等生活用品愈加豐富。明代女性對(duì)妝奩的所有權(quán)與使用權(quán)也隨著歷史發(fā)展有了變化,女性依托妝奩可以涉足更多的生活領(lǐng)域,比如說從事商業(yè)活動(dòng)與慈善活動(dòng)。隨著明代經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、風(fēng)俗的發(fā)展,明代女性支配妝奩進(jìn)行消費(fèi)的途徑與范圍也愈加廣泛,很大程度上擴(kuò)大了明代女性的活動(dòng)范圍,從“內(nèi)事”到“外事”,女性的生活空間逐漸擴(kuò)大。到了明代中后期,隨著奢靡之風(fēng)興起,厚奩風(fēng)氣普遍在社會(huì)彌漫開來,也引發(fā)諸多社會(huì)問題,人們重嫁好奢會(huì)引起家庭成員對(duì)奩產(chǎn)的爭(zhēng)奪,尤其是促使“溺女”問題愈加嚴(yán)重。對(duì)此,上層統(tǒng)治者和民間有識(shí)之士都認(rèn)識(shí)到了溺女問題的嚴(yán)重性,紛紛采取了相應(yīng)的辦法去扭轉(zhuǎn)這種社會(huì)風(fēng)氣。雖然當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)到,厚奩并不值得提倡,但終究沒有抵制明代厚奩風(fēng)氣的發(fā)展,這種婚姻習(xí)俗觀念一直持續(xù)到清代。
[Abstract]:Dowry is the dowry property of Chinese women. Because women do not have direct inheritance right to family property, the dowry becomes the main property that they can control independently. The Ming Dynasty was an important transition period in ancient Chinese history. It inherited the marriage custom culture of the previous generation and formed a new cultural atmosphere on the basis of it. In Ming Dynasty, different women lived in different social class and origin, which resulted in different kinds of dowry. The transformation of women's own social roles is different for the use and all of the dowry boxes, which to a great extent affects their life state and activity atmosphere at different stages of their lives. After a woman marries and receives a dowry, her scope of domination over the dowry involves supporting the daily life of the family, supporting her husband's career, supporting her parents-in-law, leaving it to her descendants and supporting her family members. It even involves women investing in business and supporting social activities such as philanthropy. The thickness of the dowry can not only affect the criteria of female mate selection, but also affect the family status of the married women in Ming Dynasty. With the prosperous development of commodity economy in Ming Dynasty and the rise of the concept of marriage and finance, people pay more attention to the dowry, accompanied by the bedroom and other daily necessities. The ownership and use right of women in the Ming Dynasty also changed with the development of history. Women can step into more fields of life, such as commercial activities and charitable activities. With the development of economy, culture and custom in Ming Dynasty, the way and scope of women's controlling dowry in Ming Dynasty were more and more extensive. To a great extent, the scope of activities of women in Ming Dynasty was enlarged, from "internal affairs" to "foreign affairs". Women's living space is gradually expanding. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, with the rise of extravagance, the trend of thick marriage dowry spread widely in the society, which also caused a lot of social problems. People's remarried luxury would cause the family members to compete for the dowry property, especially the problem of "drowning girl". In response, the upper rulers and the people with insight realized the seriousness of the problem of female drowning, and took corresponding measures to reverse the social atmosphere. Although the society had already realized that the thick dowry was not worth advocating, it did not resist the development of the rich marriage style in the Ming Dynasty, and the concept of marriage custom lasted until the Qing Dynasty.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K248;K892.22

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