漢魏南北朝時期形神觀的演變研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-17 16:27
【摘要】：形神觀一直是中國哲學發(fā)展史中非常值得研究的重要問題,隨著兩漢之際佛學的傳入,漢魏南北朝時期成為了形神觀討論的重要時期。文章立足于中國傳統(tǒng)哲學,重點以這一時期形神觀的發(fā)展和轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橹行?探討從兩漢到魏晉南北朝,圍繞形神觀的討論有哪些內(nèi)容,前后的歷史發(fā)展中體現(xiàn)出怎樣的演變規(guī)律。首先,漢代形神觀的討論是在先秦相關(guān)討論的基礎(chǔ)上進行的�！熬瘛币辉~始于春秋、盛于戰(zhàn)國和西漢,東漢之后的哲學家們,大部分把“精神”簡稱為神。與“神”相關(guān)的亦有“鬼”、“靈魂”等概念表達。先秦道家和儒家對形神關(guān)系都有論述。兩漢時期形神關(guān)系大體是從精氣說的基礎(chǔ)上展開的。精氣說認為“氣”是構(gòu)成一切生命的元素,形成神主形從的觀念;而發(fā)展到東漢則認為構(gòu)成一切的基礎(chǔ)是人的形體,以桓譚、王充等為代表。繼兩漢之后,以佛教學說作為切入點,探討在二者的影響下形神觀的新發(fā)展。由于佛教的傳入,至南北朝時期,展開了一場關(guān)于形神關(guān)系是以形為主還是以神為主的思想爭論,由此,形神關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)向了形神并重的發(fā)展方向。正是這一轉(zhuǎn)變,奠定了魏晉南北朝“形神”關(guān)系問題發(fā)展的基本走向。最后,嘗試著探討從兩漢時期到魏晉南北朝時期形神觀發(fā)展的特點、規(guī)律及意義。從神主形從到神滅論,再到形神并重,形神觀始終是在神相對形的關(guān)系中展開,是對神之于形的詮釋和理解的逐漸深化,在這個過程中,可以看到佛學的影響之大。這一時期的討論承上啟下,是中國古代形神觀發(fā)展中的重要一環(huán)。
[Abstract]:The concept of form and spirit has always been an important issue worth studying in the history of the development of Chinese philosophy. With the introduction of Buddhism during the Han Dynasty, the period of Han Wei and Northern and Southern dynasties became an important period for discussion of the view of form and spirit. Based on the traditional Chinese philosophy, this article focuses on the development and transformation of the concept of form and spirit in this period, discusses what content the discussion of the concept of form and spirit has around from the Han Dynasty to the Wei, Jin and the Southern and Northern dynasties, and what kind of law of evolution is reflected in the historical development before and after. First of all, the Han Dynasty concept of form and spirit was discussed on the basis of pre-Qin related discussions. The word "spirit" began in the Spring and Autumn period and prevailed in the warring States period and the Western Han Dynasty. Most philosophers after the Eastern Han Dynasty referred to "spirit" as God. There are also concepts such as ghost and soul related to God. Pre-Qin Taoism and Confucianism have discussed the relationship between form and spirit. In the Han Dynasty, the relationship between form and spirit was carried out on the basis of spirit theory. Qi theory holds that "Qi" is the element that constitutes all life, and forms the concept of divine form, while the development of the Eastern Han Dynasty thinks that the basis of all is the human form, represented by Huantan, Wang Chong and so on. After the Han Dynasty, the new development of the concept of form and spirit under the influence of Buddhism theory was discussed. Due to the introduction of Buddhism, in the Northern and Southern dynasties, there was a debate on whether the relationship between form and spirit is mainly form or god, so the relationship between form and spirit turned to the direction of development. It was this change that established the basic trend of the development of the relationship between form and spirit in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties. Finally, it attempts to explore the characteristics, laws and significance of the development of the concept of form and spirit from the Han Dynasty to the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern dynasties. From the form of God to the theory of divinity, and then to the equal importance of form and spirit, the view of form and spirit is always unfolded in the relation of God's relative form, which is the gradual deepening of interpretation and understanding of God's form. In this process, we can see the great influence of Buddhism. The discussion in this period is an important link in the development of ancient Chinese outlook on form and spirit.
【學位授予單位】：湘潭大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K23
本文編號：2130238
[Abstract]:The concept of form and spirit has always been an important issue worth studying in the history of the development of Chinese philosophy. With the introduction of Buddhism during the Han Dynasty, the period of Han Wei and Northern and Southern dynasties became an important period for discussion of the view of form and spirit. Based on the traditional Chinese philosophy, this article focuses on the development and transformation of the concept of form and spirit in this period, discusses what content the discussion of the concept of form and spirit has around from the Han Dynasty to the Wei, Jin and the Southern and Northern dynasties, and what kind of law of evolution is reflected in the historical development before and after. First of all, the Han Dynasty concept of form and spirit was discussed on the basis of pre-Qin related discussions. The word "spirit" began in the Spring and Autumn period and prevailed in the warring States period and the Western Han Dynasty. Most philosophers after the Eastern Han Dynasty referred to "spirit" as God. There are also concepts such as ghost and soul related to God. Pre-Qin Taoism and Confucianism have discussed the relationship between form and spirit. In the Han Dynasty, the relationship between form and spirit was carried out on the basis of spirit theory. Qi theory holds that "Qi" is the element that constitutes all life, and forms the concept of divine form, while the development of the Eastern Han Dynasty thinks that the basis of all is the human form, represented by Huantan, Wang Chong and so on. After the Han Dynasty, the new development of the concept of form and spirit under the influence of Buddhism theory was discussed. Due to the introduction of Buddhism, in the Northern and Southern dynasties, there was a debate on whether the relationship between form and spirit is mainly form or god, so the relationship between form and spirit turned to the direction of development. It was this change that established the basic trend of the development of the relationship between form and spirit in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties. Finally, it attempts to explore the characteristics, laws and significance of the development of the concept of form and spirit from the Han Dynasty to the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern dynasties. From the form of God to the theory of divinity, and then to the equal importance of form and spirit, the view of form and spirit is always unfolded in the relation of God's relative form, which is the gradual deepening of interpretation and understanding of God's form. In this process, we can see the great influence of Buddhism. The discussion in this period is an important link in the development of ancient Chinese outlook on form and spirit.
【學位授予單位】：湘潭大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K23
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