發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-14 20:30

  本文選題：安徽 + 民國(guó)��； 參考：《安徽大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：水稻是主要糧食作物,在中國(guó)的栽種歷史久遠(yuǎn)。而安徽地跨江淮,氣候寒暖適中,雨量充沛,長(zhǎng)江及其支流青弋江、水陽(yáng)江和巢湖流域的平原地區(qū),歷來(lái)就是稻米的主產(chǎn)區(qū),蕪湖米市享譽(yù)盛名。民國(guó)初年,東南大學(xué)農(nóng)科和中央農(nóng)業(yè)試驗(yàn)所相繼在安徽選育和推廣改良江寧洋秈、中大帽子頭、中農(nóng)4號(hào)等優(yōu)良品種。安徽省也根據(jù)省境氣候、土宜及農(nóng)產(chǎn)分布情形,設(shè)立稻作試驗(yàn)場(chǎng),從事品種試驗(yàn)和培育,并與省內(nèi)外農(nóng)業(yè)院校開(kāi)展農(nóng)教合作,在蕪湖等處設(shè)立了高農(nóng)鄉(xiāng)村改進(jìn)示范區(qū),推廣中大帽子頭良種。但是,由于農(nóng)業(yè)行政機(jī)構(gòu)和稻作改良機(jī)構(gòu)頻繁更迭,因此,在抗戰(zhàn)播發(fā)前,我省水稻產(chǎn)量起伏不定,水稻改良推廣總體成效不佳,但水稻育種試驗(yàn)實(shí)驗(yàn),對(duì)帽子頭稻的優(yōu)良特性稻米改良與和地區(qū)適應(yīng)性進(jìn)行充分驗(yàn)證,為日后在省內(nèi)大規(guī)模推廣帽子頭稻奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 抗戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)后,水稻正常生產(chǎn)受到嚴(yán)重沖擊,為此,安徽成立糧食增產(chǎn)團(tuán),制定以增加稻作耕作面積和提高單位面積產(chǎn)量為核心措施,以促進(jìn)戰(zhàn)時(shí)稻米生產(chǎn)與改良,通過(guò)大力推廣中大帽子頭良種和肥料改良等措施,水稻生產(chǎn)在整體上維持了增長(zhǎng)勢(shì)頭,從而有力保證了戰(zhàn)時(shí)稻米供應(yīng),為抗戰(zhàn)勝利提供有利的物質(zhì)保障。但由于經(jīng)費(fèi)匱乏和技術(shù)力量薄弱,嚴(yán)重制約了優(yōu)良稻種推廣力度,致使戰(zhàn)時(shí)安徽水稻產(chǎn)量增張勢(shì)頭疲軟乏力。 抗戰(zhàn)勝利后,安徽省水稻改良與推廣面臨極為復(fù)雜的形勢(shì),省農(nóng)林局立足實(shí)際,制定了推廣優(yōu)良稻種、肥料改良和防治病蟲(chóng)害三位一體的水稻改良與推廣計(jì)劃。在優(yōu)良稻種推廣上,省農(nóng)林局不僅加大了帽子頭稻種推廣力度,擴(kuò)大了帽子頭稻種在省內(nèi)的種植面積,還引入和推廣了中農(nóng)四號(hào)、中農(nóng)三十四號(hào)和勝利秈這三個(gè)新品種。在肥料改良和推廣上,除了因地制宜積極推廣綠肥和堆肥等有機(jī)肥外,省農(nóng)林局還積極利用和指導(dǎo)推廣中央下?lián)艿幕瘜W(xué)肥料。在病蟲(chóng)害防治上,省農(nóng)林局在大力推廣人工捕殺滅蟲(chóng)基礎(chǔ)上,審慎推廣農(nóng)藥滅蟲(chóng)。這些措施使得,省內(nèi)水稻生產(chǎn)在抗戰(zhàn)勝利后的頭兩年內(nèi),迅速恢復(fù),產(chǎn)量超過(guò)戰(zhàn)前最高水平。但是,受制于組織和經(jīng)費(fèi)因素,水稻改良與推廣無(wú)法進(jìn)一步深入發(fā)展。全面內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的爆發(fā)后,我省稻米改良和推廣進(jìn)程被迫中斷�？傊�,民國(guó)時(shí)期安徽水稻米改良和推廣的整體效果不佳,未能建立起現(xiàn)代化的水稻生產(chǎn)體系。 本文在以馬克思主義唯物史觀為指導(dǎo),借鑒諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)得主舒爾茨傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)改造的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)思想,以省圖書(shū)館所藏的包括稻米改良在內(nèi)農(nóng)林建設(shè)文獻(xiàn)為主要突破口,以其他相關(guān)資料為參照,以要素流價(jià)格理論為視角,以政府作為新的有利生產(chǎn)要素供給者為切入點(diǎn),借助計(jì)量史學(xué)的方法,全面評(píng)析其水稻改良與推廣活動(dòng)的績(jī)效,從中,探究歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn),對(duì)今天我省完善現(xiàn)代水稻生產(chǎn)體系的啟示。
[Abstract]:Rice is the main food crop and has been planted in China for a long time.The plain areas of the Yangtze River and its tributaries, Qingyi River, Shuiyang River and Chaohu River basin, have always been the main rice producing areas, and Wuhu City is well known.In the early years of the Republic of China, the agricultural departments of Southeast University and the Central Agricultural experiment Institute have successively selected and popularized the improved varieties of Jiangning Yang indica rice, Zhongdaguotou and Zhongnong No. 4 in Anhui Province.Anhui Province has also set up a rice field for variety testing and cultivation in accordance with the provincial climate, soil suitability and distribution of agricultural products. It has also cooperated with agricultural colleges and universities in agriculture and has set up demonstration areas for the improvement of high-farm villages in Wuhu and other places.Promote medium and large hat head varieties.However, because of the frequent changes in agricultural administrative agencies and rice improvement institutions, the rice yield in our province fluctuated and the overall effect of rice improvement and extension was not good before the war of resistance against Japan, but the rice breeding experiment was carried out.The improvement and regional adaptability of Hat Tou Rice were fully verified, which laid a foundation for the large-scale popularization of Hat Tou Rice in the province in the future.After the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, the normal production of rice was seriously affected. Therefore, Anhui set up a grain production regiment, formulated measures to increase the cultivation area of rice and increase the yield per unit area, in order to promote rice production and improvement in wartime.By means of popularizing the medium and large cap head improved varieties and fertilizer improvement, the rice production has maintained the overall growth momentum, thus has the strength to guarantee the wartime rice supply, and provides the favorable material guarantee for the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan.However, the lack of funds and weak technical force seriously restricted the extension of fine rice varieties, which resulted in weak and weak momentum of increasing rice yield in Anhui during wartime.After the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan, the improvement and popularization of rice in Anhui Province was faced with a very complicated situation. Based on the reality, the Bureau of Agriculture and Forestry of Anhui Province formulated a trinity plan for rice improvement and extension, which includes the promotion of fine rice varieties, fertilizer improvement and pest control.In terms of the extension of fine rice varieties, the provincial bureau of agriculture and forestry not only increased the extension of rice varieties with cap head, but also introduced and popularized three new varieties, Zhongnong 4, Zhongnong 34 and Shengli indica rice, which were planted in the province.In the field of fertilizer improvement and popularization, in addition to promoting organic fertilizers such as green manure and compost according to local conditions, the provincial bureau of agriculture and forestry has also actively used and directed the promotion of chemical fertilizers allocated by the central government.On the basis of popularizing artificial killing and insect control, provincial bureau of agriculture and forestry prudently popularized pesticide control.These measures enabled rice production in the province to recover rapidly in the first two years after the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan, with production exceeding its highest level before the war.However, limited by organization and funding factors, rice improvement and extension can not be further developed.After the outbreak of the total civil war, the process of rice improvement and extension in our province was interrupted.In a word, the whole effect of rice improvement and popularization in Anhui during the period of the Republic of China was not good, and the modern rice production system could not be established.Under the guidance of Marxist historical materialism, this paper draws lessons from the economic ideas of Nobel laureate Schultz's traditional agricultural transformation, and takes the literature on agricultural and forestry construction, including rice improvement, as the main breakthrough point of the provincial library.Taking other relevant materials as reference, taking the factor flow price theory as the angle of view, taking the government as the new favorable factor supplier as the breakthrough point, with the help of the method of econometric history, the paper comprehensively evaluates the performance of rice improvement and popularization activities, and from the view of the theory of factor flow price, takes the government as the new beneficial factor supplier.Explore the historical experience, to improve the modern rice production system in our province today enlightenment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S511;K258

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