北宋士大夫地方教化研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-07-05 09:51
【摘要】： 唐宋時(shí)期是中國古代社會(huì)發(fā)生重要變化的時(shí)期：貴族政治轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楣倭耪沃贫�、科舉制度逐步完善、士大夫階層崛起、租佃制盛行等。宋代科學(xué)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步、對(duì)人文的關(guān)懷及知識(shí)的普及,使禮儀文化向社會(huì)各個(gè)階層普及,各個(gè)階層都開始接受以儒家經(jīng)典為主要根據(jù)的禮教。唐宋時(shí)期的地方管理制度從鄉(xiāng)官制轉(zhuǎn)變成職役制,地方社會(huì)的運(yùn)行中士大夫的作用越來越重要。他們社會(huì)使命感、責(zé)任感空前增強(qiáng),以重整社會(huì)秩序?yàn)榧喝?主動(dòng)通過多種途徑有意識(shí)的對(duì)地方民眾進(jìn)行宣傳教化。正是由于他們的教化活動(dòng),才將儒家倡導(dǎo)的理念和國家倡導(dǎo)的意識(shí)形態(tài)深入貫徹到民眾之中。 從北宋政府對(duì)科舉制的改革和士大夫的爭論中可以看出對(duì)官員教化職能的重視。士大夫自身對(duì)教化行為對(duì)維持社會(huì)秩序的作用也很看重,認(rèn)為教化更容易使地方社會(huì)風(fēng)俗清明,百姓安居樂業(yè)。他們的地方教化活動(dòng)主要包括以下幾個(gè)方面： 首先是作為官方身份的興學(xué)活動(dòng)、旌表、勸諭與禁斷活動(dòng)、主持禮儀活動(dòng)和以文學(xué)倡導(dǎo)教化的活動(dòng)。士大夫秉承儒家傳統(tǒng)觀念,把學(xué)校看作是宣傳人倫道德的重要場所,認(rèn)為學(xué)校的興廢關(guān)系到風(fēng)俗道德的好壞,極力興辦各種學(xué)校宣傳儒家思想和政府倡導(dǎo)的社會(huì)主流思想。學(xué)校中將講授內(nèi)容與培養(yǎng)忠君、孝親、恭敬、誠信等目標(biāo)聯(lián)系在一起。教學(xué)中也注重各種典禮儀式對(duì)學(xué)生的教育,使他們直接受儒家的倫理道德價(jià)值觀念和行為模式。政府通過旌表、勸諭、禁斷活動(dòng)張揚(yáng)符合儒家道德價(jià)值觀念和倫常禮教標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的行為,取締違背儒家倫理價(jià)值的行為。勸諭百姓遵從儒家的倫理規(guī)范,使當(dāng)?shù)厣鐣?huì)形成互相禮讓、尊老敬老的社會(huì)風(fēng)氣。禁斷活動(dòng)一方面消除了潛在的社會(huì)不安定因素,另一方面又通過政府主動(dòng)行為體現(xiàn)了政府的權(quán)威性。某些地方信仰的合法化還是對(duì)民眾信仰現(xiàn)狀的一種妥協(xié)。地方官主持各種儀式也是在宣揚(yáng)教化,使民眾行為符合儒家和政府倡導(dǎo)的主流道德和價(jià)值觀念,達(dá)到息獄訟、除盜賊、美風(fēng)俗的目的,維護(hù)了社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定,彰顯了政府的權(quán)威。地方官還以文學(xué)行為寫作各種文章來倡導(dǎo)其價(jià)值理念和教化思想。他們所倡導(dǎo)的行為的類似行為不斷增多,教化起到了很大的效果。 其次是士大夫在家庭、家族內(nèi)的教化,主要是針對(duì)子女、家人。士大夫?yàn)榱思訌?qiáng)家族內(nèi)部的凝聚力,往往以書信、為文作詩等方式對(duì)子弟們講明道理,把儒家思想和政府的統(tǒng)治理念在家族內(nèi)部進(jìn)行貫徹。他們鼓勵(lì)子弟讀書,在日常生活中以自己的行為對(duì)家人施加影響,家內(nèi)教化的成效非常顯著,在地方社會(huì)也產(chǎn)生示范性的影響。 再次是士大夫在地方社會(huì)中也會(huì)采用各種方式教化地方民眾。倡導(dǎo)訂立鄉(xiāng)約、鄉(xiāng)規(guī)、協(xié)助或自己興辦各種學(xué)校、日常生活中履行博施濟(jì)眾的觀念等行為在民眾中樹立起自己的威望,為人們做表率,在當(dāng)?shù)厣鐣?huì)中發(fā)揮了很好的教化作用。地方信仰體系中也體現(xiàn)出士大夫的教化理念和作用,而且地方信仰體系中一直都伴隨著士大夫和民眾的互動(dòng)關(guān)系。 總體說來,由北宋士大夫的地方教化活動(dòng)可以看出：政府在有意識(shí)的強(qiáng)調(diào)教化影響,士大夫在主動(dòng)地、有意識(shí)地對(duì)民眾進(jìn)行教化。這說明地方社會(huì)管理中士大夫發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用,但民眾并非完全被動(dòng),他們始終與政府和士大夫有所互動(dòng)。
[Abstract]:The period of the Tang and Song Dynasty was a period of important change in the ancient Chinese society: the political transformation of your country into the bureaucracy system, the gradual improvement of the imperial examination system, the rise of the scholar's class, the prevalence of the lease system and so on. In the Song Dynasty, the progress of science and technology, the care of the humanity and the popularization of the knowledge, the culture of the etiquette to the various classes of the society, all the classes began to accept the Confucian classics as the main basis. The local management system of the Tang and Song Dynasties changed from the government system to the service system, and the function of the local society was becoming more and more important. In order to reform the social order as its own duty, their society has made the sense of mission and sense of responsibility to be strengthened, and the local people are actively promoted through various means. It was due to their educational activities that the idea of the Confucian advocacy and the ideology advocated by the State were carried out in-depth into the population. From the government of the Northern Song Dynasty to the reform of imperial examination and the argument of the scholar, it can be seen that the function of the education of the officials The importance of the role of the scholar itself to the maintenance of social order is also very important, and it is thought that the enlightenment can make the local social customs clear and the people are safe. In the music industry, their local education activities mainly include the following The first is to act as an official as an official, to exhortation, to exhortation and to break the activity, to host the activities of the etiquette and to take literature In the light of the traditional concept of the Confucian, the scholar regarded the school as an important place to promote the ethics of the people, and it is thought that the school's rising waste is related to the good or bad of the customs and morality, and it is hard to set up various schools to publicize the Confucian ideas and the government's advocacy The mainstream thought of the society. The school will teach the content and the cultivation of the loyalty, the filial piety, the respect, the good faith, etc. In the teaching, the education of the students is also emphasized, so that they are directly influenced by the ethical values of the Confucian The government's actions to promote the standards of the Confucian moral values and the Lund's rules of ethics, and to ban the violation of the Confucian standards through the action of the Confucian school, the exhortation and the prohibition of the activity. The behavior of the value of the ethics. Conhorting the people to follow the ethical norms of the Confucianists, to make the local society form the mutual courtesy and respect the old On the one hand, it has eliminated the potential social instability factors, and on the other hand, it is reflected by the government's initiative The authority of the government. Legalization of certain local beliefs or belief in the population A compromise of the present situation. The officiating of the various ceremonies by the local officials is also in the promotion of the education, which is in line with the mainstream morality and values advocated by the Confucian and the government, to the end of the case, and to maintain the stability of the society, in addition to the purpose of the thieves and the beauty and the customs. The local officials also write various articles in literary behavior to promote their value The ideas and the ideas of the enlightenment. The similar behavior of the actions they have advocated is increasing, and the enlightenment It's a great effect. The second is the education of the scholar in the family and in the family In order to strengthen the cohesion of the family, the family and the scholar, in order to strengthen the cohesion of the family, often make a sense to the children in the form of a letter, a poem and so on, and take the Confucian thought and the government's rule The idea is carried out within the family. They encourage children to study, exert influence on their families in their daily life, and the effect of the education in the family is very remarkable. The society also has an exemplary effect. Again, the scholar is in the local society There will also be a variety of ways to civilize local people. To advocate for the establishment of a country, a country, to assist or to set up a variety of schools, to implement the concept of Boshi in daily life, to set up its own prestige in the population, and to make the rate for people to do so. The local society has played a very good civilizing role. In the local faith system, the education idea and role of the scholar-doctor are also reflected, and the local belief system has been All along with the interaction between the scholar and the people. In general, the local education activities of the literati in the Northern Song Dynasty can see that the government has a conscious emphasis on the influence of the education. In the active and conscious way, the scholar has made a conscious effort to civilize the public, which means that the local social administration has played an increasingly important role in the management of the local society, but the population is not ove
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：K244
本文編號(hào)：2510442
[Abstract]:The period of the Tang and Song Dynasty was a period of important change in the ancient Chinese society: the political transformation of your country into the bureaucracy system, the gradual improvement of the imperial examination system, the rise of the scholar's class, the prevalence of the lease system and so on. In the Song Dynasty, the progress of science and technology, the care of the humanity and the popularization of the knowledge, the culture of the etiquette to the various classes of the society, all the classes began to accept the Confucian classics as the main basis. The local management system of the Tang and Song Dynasties changed from the government system to the service system, and the function of the local society was becoming more and more important. In order to reform the social order as its own duty, their society has made the sense of mission and sense of responsibility to be strengthened, and the local people are actively promoted through various means. It was due to their educational activities that the idea of the Confucian advocacy and the ideology advocated by the State were carried out in-depth into the population. From the government of the Northern Song Dynasty to the reform of imperial examination and the argument of the scholar, it can be seen that the function of the education of the officials The importance of the role of the scholar itself to the maintenance of social order is also very important, and it is thought that the enlightenment can make the local social customs clear and the people are safe. In the music industry, their local education activities mainly include the following The first is to act as an official as an official, to exhortation, to exhortation and to break the activity, to host the activities of the etiquette and to take literature In the light of the traditional concept of the Confucian, the scholar regarded the school as an important place to promote the ethics of the people, and it is thought that the school's rising waste is related to the good or bad of the customs and morality, and it is hard to set up various schools to publicize the Confucian ideas and the government's advocacy The mainstream thought of the society. The school will teach the content and the cultivation of the loyalty, the filial piety, the respect, the good faith, etc. In the teaching, the education of the students is also emphasized, so that they are directly influenced by the ethical values of the Confucian The government's actions to promote the standards of the Confucian moral values and the Lund's rules of ethics, and to ban the violation of the Confucian standards through the action of the Confucian school, the exhortation and the prohibition of the activity. The behavior of the value of the ethics. Conhorting the people to follow the ethical norms of the Confucianists, to make the local society form the mutual courtesy and respect the old On the one hand, it has eliminated the potential social instability factors, and on the other hand, it is reflected by the government's initiative The authority of the government. Legalization of certain local beliefs or belief in the population A compromise of the present situation. The officiating of the various ceremonies by the local officials is also in the promotion of the education, which is in line with the mainstream morality and values advocated by the Confucian and the government, to the end of the case, and to maintain the stability of the society, in addition to the purpose of the thieves and the beauty and the customs. The local officials also write various articles in literary behavior to promote their value The ideas and the ideas of the enlightenment. The similar behavior of the actions they have advocated is increasing, and the enlightenment It's a great effect. The second is the education of the scholar in the family and in the family In order to strengthen the cohesion of the family, the family and the scholar, in order to strengthen the cohesion of the family, often make a sense to the children in the form of a letter, a poem and so on, and take the Confucian thought and the government's rule The idea is carried out within the family. They encourage children to study, exert influence on their families in their daily life, and the effect of the education in the family is very remarkable. The society also has an exemplary effect. Again, the scholar is in the local society There will also be a variety of ways to civilize local people. To advocate for the establishment of a country, a country, to assist or to set up a variety of schools, to implement the concept of Boshi in daily life, to set up its own prestige in the population, and to make the rate for people to do so. The local society has played a very good civilizing role. In the local faith system, the education idea and role of the scholar-doctor are also reflected, and the local belief system has been All along with the interaction between the scholar and the people. In general, the local education activities of the literati in the Northern Song Dynasty can see that the government has a conscious emphasis on the influence of the education. In the active and conscious way, the scholar has made a conscious effort to civilize the public, which means that the local social administration has played an increasingly important role in the management of the local society, but the population is not ove
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：K244
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 房慧君;博山顏神信仰研究[D];山東大學(xué);2012年
，本文編號(hào)：2510442
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