明蒙關(guān)系研究——以明蒙雙邊政策及明朝對蒙古的防御為中心
發(fā)布時間：2019-06-28 13:02
【摘要】：本研究以明朝與蒙古的雙邊政策和明朝對蒙古的防御體制為中心，探討明蒙關(guān)系發(fā)展演變問題。 正文分為兩部分：第一部分探討明朝對蒙政策和蒙古對明政策。文章以土木之變和俺答封貢為限，分為明前期、明中期和明后期三個階段進行論述。明前期明朝對蒙政策中論述了洪武時期的對蒙政策，包括統(tǒng)一全國戰(zhàn)略下的軍事攻伐和政治誘降政策，對峙局面下的北邊防御政策，對降附蒙古人的安置政策；永樂時期對蒙政策，主要談其封貢互市政策及對北邊防御體系的調(diào)整；仁、宣以來對蒙政策主要是安撫和防御，即一方面繼承永樂封貢政策以羈縻蒙古，另一方面進一步收縮北邊軍事防線，加強防衛(wèi)。明中期明朝的蒙古政策日漸走向消極保守，轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐环N固守應(yīng)付政策。明后期明朝對蒙古的政策包括兩方面：其一是貢市和戰(zhàn)守互相結(jié)合的政策；其二是宗教文化政策。 在論述明朝對蒙政策的同時，，文章也相應(yīng)探討各個時期蒙古對明朝的政策。明前期北元君臣的對明政策中分別談大汗和權(quán)臣對明朝的不同態(tài)度和政策：元朝滅亡后，北元君主始終與明采取敵對態(tài)度，政治上不承認(rèn)明朝合法地位，而仍以正統(tǒng)自居；軍事上不時南下，抗衡明軍。蒙古貴族權(quán)臣比大汗有著更為靈活務(wù)實的態(tài)度，他們向明朝俯首，目的不外是為了謀求生存和發(fā)展。這在大汗權(quán)勢衰微時便突出地表現(xiàn)出來。明中期蒙古的對明政策中包括也先之后至滿都魯汗的亦貢亦掠政策；達(dá)延汗繼位后憑借強勢要求平等往來的政策；俺答汗崛起后以和求和及以戰(zhàn)迫和政策。明后期的政策主要體現(xiàn)在蒙古也制定了自己針對封貢的法令制度。 在明朝對蒙古的政策中，最重要且長久的是防御政策，這一政策的直接產(chǎn)物就是九邊防御體制，因此第二部分對九邊防御體制進行研究。首先論述了九邊的設(shè)立，考析了九邊諸鎮(zhèn)設(shè)立、稱鎮(zhèn)的過程和時間，并指出了邊鎮(zhèn)的設(shè)立與明蒙關(guān)系發(fā)展密切相關(guān)的情況；其次探討了九邊的官制，分武官、內(nèi)臣、文官三部分進行論述：武官主要談“行伍官”系統(tǒng)，這一系統(tǒng)以總兵官為首，包括副總兵、參將、游擊、守備、把總等；內(nèi)臣鎮(zhèn)守系統(tǒng)，包括鎮(zhèn)守、分守、守備、監(jiān)槍諸內(nèi)臣。文臣主要包括總督、巡撫、巡按和兵備；最后論述了九邊防御體系，從新的角度出發(fā)，探討長城防御工事的構(gòu)成及其在防御蒙古中的作用，修筑過程及其影響，同時對九邊軍隊的建制和組成以及數(shù)額、九邊的軍費的消費構(gòu)成、供給途徑等問題進行了探討和辨析，提出了自己的看法。
[Abstract]:This study focuses on the bilateral policy between the Ming Dynasty and Mongolia and the defense system against Mongolia in the Ming Dynasty, and discusses the development and evolution of the relationship between the Ming and Mongolia. The main body is divided into two parts: the first part discusses the Ming Dynasty policy towards Mongolia and Mongolia's policy towards the Ming Dynasty. This paper is limited to the change of civil engineering and the limitation of we should pay tribute to it, which can be divided into three stages: the early Ming Dynasty, the middle Ming Dynasty and the late Ming Dynasty. In the early Ming Dynasty, the policy towards Mongolia in the Ming Dynasty was discussed, including the policy of military attack and political inducement under the unified national strategy, the policy of defense in the north under the confrontation situation, the policy of resettlement attached to the Mongolians, the policy towards Mongolia in the Yongle period, which mainly talked about the policy of sealing tribute and exchanging markets and the adjustment of the defense system in the north. The policy of benevolence and publicity towards Mongolia is mainly to appease and defend, that is, on the one hand, to inherit the policy of Yongle to seal tribute to fetter JimMongolia, on the other hand, to further shrink the northern military line of defense and strengthen defense. In the middle of Ming Dynasty, the Mongolian policy of Ming Dynasty became more and more negative and conservative, and changed into a kind of policy of sticking to deal with it. The policy of Ming Dynasty towards Mongolia in the late Ming Dynasty includes two aspects: one is the policy of combining Gong City with war guards; the other is the policy of religious culture. While discussing the policy of Ming Dynasty towards Mongolia, the article also discusses Mongolia's policy towards Ming Dynasty in each period. In the early Ming Dynasty, the monarchs of the Northern Yuan Dynasty talked about the different attitudes and policies of Khan and the right minister towards the Ming Dynasty: after the demise of the Yuan Dynasty, the monarch of the Northern Yuan Dynasty always adopted a hostile attitude with the Ming Dynasty, politically did not recognize the legal status of the Ming Dynasty, but still assumed itself as orthodox; from time to time, he went south to counter the Ming army. Mongolian aristocrats have a more flexible and pragmatic attitude than Khan. They bow down to the Ming Dynasty in order to seek survival and development. This is evident in the decline of sweating power. In the middle of Ming Dynasty, Mongolia's policy against the Ming Dynasty included the policy of Yigong and plunder from first to Manchuru Khan; the policy of demanding equal exchanges with each other by virtue of his strong demand for equality after his succession; and the policy of peace and war after the rise of Khan. The policy in the late Ming Dynasty was mainly reflected in the fact that Mongolia also formulated its own legal system to seal tribute. In the Ming Dynasty's policy towards Mongolia, the most important and long-term policy is the defense policy, the direct product of this policy is the nine-sided defense system, so the second part studies the nine-sided defense system. First of all, it discusses the establishment of nine sides, examines and analyzes the process and time of the establishment of Jiubian towns, and points out that the establishment of border towns is closely related to the development of Ming and Mongolia relations; secondly, it discusses the official system of nine sides, which is divided into three parts: military attach 茅 s, inner courtiers and civil servants: the military attach 茅 s mainly talk about the system of "conscripts", which is headed by the chief military officers, including deputy general soldiers, guerrillas, guards, etc. The Nessen town guard system, including the town guard, the duty, the guard, the surveillance gun to the inner minister. Wen Chen mainly includes Governor, Patrol and military Readiness; finally, this paper discusses the nine-sided defense system, discusses the composition of the Great Wall fortification and its role in defending Mongolia, the construction process and its influence, and probes into and distinguishes the establishment and composition of the nine-sided army, the consumption composition of the military expenditure on the nine sides, and the way of supply, etc., and puts forward some views on the system and amount of the nine-side army, the consumption composition of the military expenditure on the nine sides, and the way of supply.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2004
【分類號】：K248
本文編號：2507323
[Abstract]:This study focuses on the bilateral policy between the Ming Dynasty and Mongolia and the defense system against Mongolia in the Ming Dynasty, and discusses the development and evolution of the relationship between the Ming and Mongolia. The main body is divided into two parts: the first part discusses the Ming Dynasty policy towards Mongolia and Mongolia's policy towards the Ming Dynasty. This paper is limited to the change of civil engineering and the limitation of we should pay tribute to it, which can be divided into three stages: the early Ming Dynasty, the middle Ming Dynasty and the late Ming Dynasty. In the early Ming Dynasty, the policy towards Mongolia in the Ming Dynasty was discussed, including the policy of military attack and political inducement under the unified national strategy, the policy of defense in the north under the confrontation situation, the policy of resettlement attached to the Mongolians, the policy towards Mongolia in the Yongle period, which mainly talked about the policy of sealing tribute and exchanging markets and the adjustment of the defense system in the north. The policy of benevolence and publicity towards Mongolia is mainly to appease and defend, that is, on the one hand, to inherit the policy of Yongle to seal tribute to fetter JimMongolia, on the other hand, to further shrink the northern military line of defense and strengthen defense. In the middle of Ming Dynasty, the Mongolian policy of Ming Dynasty became more and more negative and conservative, and changed into a kind of policy of sticking to deal with it. The policy of Ming Dynasty towards Mongolia in the late Ming Dynasty includes two aspects: one is the policy of combining Gong City with war guards; the other is the policy of religious culture. While discussing the policy of Ming Dynasty towards Mongolia, the article also discusses Mongolia's policy towards Ming Dynasty in each period. In the early Ming Dynasty, the monarchs of the Northern Yuan Dynasty talked about the different attitudes and policies of Khan and the right minister towards the Ming Dynasty: after the demise of the Yuan Dynasty, the monarch of the Northern Yuan Dynasty always adopted a hostile attitude with the Ming Dynasty, politically did not recognize the legal status of the Ming Dynasty, but still assumed itself as orthodox; from time to time, he went south to counter the Ming army. Mongolian aristocrats have a more flexible and pragmatic attitude than Khan. They bow down to the Ming Dynasty in order to seek survival and development. This is evident in the decline of sweating power. In the middle of Ming Dynasty, Mongolia's policy against the Ming Dynasty included the policy of Yigong and plunder from first to Manchuru Khan; the policy of demanding equal exchanges with each other by virtue of his strong demand for equality after his succession; and the policy of peace and war after the rise of Khan. The policy in the late Ming Dynasty was mainly reflected in the fact that Mongolia also formulated its own legal system to seal tribute. In the Ming Dynasty's policy towards Mongolia, the most important and long-term policy is the defense policy, the direct product of this policy is the nine-sided defense system, so the second part studies the nine-sided defense system. First of all, it discusses the establishment of nine sides, examines and analyzes the process and time of the establishment of Jiubian towns, and points out that the establishment of border towns is closely related to the development of Ming and Mongolia relations; secondly, it discusses the official system of nine sides, which is divided into three parts: military attach 茅 s, inner courtiers and civil servants: the military attach 茅 s mainly talk about the system of "conscripts", which is headed by the chief military officers, including deputy general soldiers, guerrillas, guards, etc. The Nessen town guard system, including the town guard, the duty, the guard, the surveillance gun to the inner minister. Wen Chen mainly includes Governor, Patrol and military Readiness; finally, this paper discusses the nine-sided defense system, discusses the composition of the Great Wall fortification and its role in defending Mongolia, the construction process and its influence, and probes into and distinguishes the establishment and composition of the nine-sided army, the consumption composition of the military expenditure on the nine sides, and the way of supply, etc., and puts forward some views on the system and amount of the nine-side army, the consumption composition of the military expenditure on the nine sides, and the way of supply.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2004
【分類號】：K248
【引證文獻】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前4條
1 孫建軍;明代中期宣大地區(qū)軍事防務(wù)研究[D];西北民族大學(xué);2007年
2 韓蕾蕾;明代陸地邊疆治邊方略的論爭研究[D];西南大學(xué);2008年
3 吳晶晶;陜西高家堡古鎮(zhèn)空間形態(tài)演進及其用地結(jié)構(gòu)研究[D];西安建筑科技大學(xué);2008年
4 姜愛紅;明代蒙古南下“擾邊”探析：1436～1464年[D];廈門大學(xué);2007年
本文編號：2507323
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