清代江西鄉(xiāng)試研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-01 17:09
【摘要】：本論文以時(shí)間與空間、制度史與活動史的交叉綜合為研究思路,將清代江西鄉(xiāng)試作為專門研究對象進(jìn)行深入系統(tǒng)研究,得出若干結(jié)論。具體內(nèi)容如下: 第一章,清代江西鄉(xiāng)試概述。首先,以制度史和活動史相交叉,勾勒出清代江西鄉(xiāng)試試期、考生、點(diǎn)名、搜檢、揭曉和磨勘等基本程式的內(nèi)容和特點(diǎn);其次,將鄉(xiāng)試中額分為正榜中額、副榜中額和恩賞中額三部分,探究其內(nèi)容與變化特征;最后,梳理江西貢院的演變特征,即早期的顛沛流離,中期在興毀更迭中發(fā)展壯大和晚期從鼎盛步入消亡。 第二章,清代江西鄉(xiāng)試闈官。其中,外簾官由監(jiān)臨、監(jiān)試、提調(diào)和外簾所諸所官等人員組成,他們職責(zé)清晰,分工明確,環(huán)環(huán)相扣;內(nèi)簾官即主考官和同考官的簡派、行程、命題、衡文標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及閱卷既有共性又有個(gè)性;此外,為減少隨機(jī)誤差,清代還建立了嚴(yán)密的闈官回避和關(guān)防制度。 第三章,查嗣庭案、鄉(xiāng)試舞弊和違式案交織而成清代江西鄉(xiāng)試風(fēng)云。查嗣庭案背后有復(fù)雜的主、客觀方面的原因,但江西鄉(xiāng)試命題失慎是此案爆發(fā)的導(dǎo)火索;清代江西科場作弊手法多樣,其中以夾帶和記誦舊文為主;清代江西鄉(xiāng)試違式,則主要體現(xiàn)于犯下與觸諱、謄真草率和添注涂改違例等幾個(gè)方面。 第四章,通過明清兩代的比較,抽象出清代江西解元和舉人地理分布的特征:由區(qū)域間的嚴(yán)重不均衡向相對均衡演化。解元數(shù)量方面,贛中是聚集區(qū),但清代吉安府出現(xiàn)急驟下滑,而建昌和撫州兩府則呈崛起之勢。解元的縣域分布,則呈現(xiàn)出分散化和均衡化特征;舉人數(shù)量方面,贛中為集聚區(qū),但各府(州)趨于均衡化,表現(xiàn)為吉安府的急劇下降和建昌府的顯著上升,以及贛南、贛北諸府一定程度的增長。各縣(廳、州)的舉人分布,則向均衡化的方向發(fā)展。 第五章,清代江西鄉(xiāng)試鹿鳴宴。鹿鳴宴起源于鄉(xiāng)飲酒禮,在唐代進(jìn)入科舉儀禮制度中,宋代的鹿鳴宴趨于極盛,元、明兩代則明顯式微。鹿鳴宴在清代得以恢復(fù),江西為鄉(xiāng)試大省,其鹿鳴宴具有重要的研究地位,本研究以年老舉人重赴鹿鳴宴作為江西鄉(xiāng)試鹿鳴宴的考察視角。 本研究的貢獻(xiàn)在于,以歷史法和統(tǒng)計(jì)法等多種方法相結(jié)合,廓清了清代江西解元和舉人分布的共時(shí)態(tài)、歷時(shí)態(tài)特點(diǎn)。此外,對清代江西鄉(xiāng)試所應(yīng)涵蓋的若干方面,如鄉(xiāng)試基本程式、貢院、中額、闈官、科場案、解元和舉人的地理分布及鄉(xiāng)試鹿鳴宴等,進(jìn)行了較為全面深入的分析和研究,得出若干重要結(jié)論,在一定程度上填補(bǔ)了該領(lǐng)域多個(gè)方面的空白。
[Abstract]:Based on the cross-integration of time and space, institutional history and activity history, this paper makes a deep and systematic study on Jiangxi rural test in Qing Dynasty, and draws some conclusions. The specific content is as follows: the first chapter, the Qing Dynasty Jiangxi rural trial overview. First of all, the content and characteristics of the basic procedures, such as the trial period, examinees, roll call, inspection, disclosure and examination, etc. of Jiangxi Township in the Qing Dynasty, are outlined by the intersection of the history of the system and the history of activities. Secondly, the places in the rural examination are divided into the middle places on the list. In this part, the author explores its contents and characteristics of change. Finally, it combs the evolution characteristics of Jiangxi Gong Yuan, that is, the early displacement, the development and growth of the middle period in the rise and destruction, and the late period from the peak to the end. The second chapter, the Qing Dynasty Jiangxi township trial Wei officials. Among them, the outer curtain officials are composed of personnel such as probation, promotion, and external curtain offices. Their duties are clear, their division of labor is clear, and they are linked to each other; the inner curtain officials are the simple schools of examiners and examiners, their itineraries and propositions. In addition, in order to reduce the random error, the Qing Dynasty also established a strict system of evading and guarding officials. The third chapter, Chasiting case, rural trial fraud and illegal cases intertwined into the Qing Dynasty Jiangxi rural trial. There are complicated subjective and objective reasons behind the case, but the accident of Jiangxi Rural trial topic is the trigger of the case. In the Qing Dynasty, Jiangxi Branch Field cheated in a variety of ways, mainly by taking and memorizing the old text; in the Qing Dynasty, the rural trial was conducted against the rules. It is mainly reflected in such aspects as committing and touching taboo, true sloppy transcripts and alteration. The fourth chapter, through the comparison between the Ming and Qing dynasties, abstracts the characteristics of the geographical distribution of Jiangxi Province in Qing Dynasty: from the serious imbalance between regions to the relative equilibrium. In terms of the number of solution elements, the central Jiangxi Province is a gathering area, but the Ji'an Prefecture of Qing Dynasty has a sharp decline, while Jianchang and Fuzhou are on the rise. In terms of the number of people, the central Jiangxi Province is a gathering area, but the provinces (prefectures) tend to be equalized, which is manifested by the sharp decline of Ji'an Prefecture and the remarkable rise of Jianchang Prefecture, as well as the south of Jiangxi Province. The growth of the governments in northern Jiangxi was to a certain extent. The distribution of people in counties (departments, states) develops in the direction of equalization. Chapter V, the Qing Dynasty Jiangxi Rural trial Banquet. The venison banquet originated from the ritual of drinking in the countryside. In the Tang Dynasty when the imperial examination ceremony system entered the Song Dynasty the venison banquet tended to be extremely prosperous the Yuan Dynasty and the Ming dynasties were obviously declined. In the Qing Dynasty, the Banquet of Deer Rings was restored. Jiangxi Province is a big province, and the Banquet of Deer Rings has an important research status. This study regards the elderly people to the Banquet of Deer Rings as the angle of view of the rural trial of the Banquet of Deer Rings in Jiangxi Province. The contribution of this study lies in the combination of historical and statistical methods to clarify the characteristics of the syntenses and chronological features of the distribution in Jiangxi Province in Qing Dynasty. In addition, some aspects that should be covered by Jiangxi Rural Test Institute in Qing Dynasty, such as the basic procedure of rural test, the gongyuan, the middle post, the imperial official, the case of the branch, the geographical distribution of the explanation of the Yuan Dynasty and the holding of the people, and the banquet of the village trial, etc., were analyzed and studied in a more comprehensive and in-depth manner. A number of important conclusions have been drawn, to a certain extent, to fill the gaps in many aspects of the field.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廈門大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：G529;K249
本文編號：2217837
[Abstract]:Based on the cross-integration of time and space, institutional history and activity history, this paper makes a deep and systematic study on Jiangxi rural test in Qing Dynasty, and draws some conclusions. The specific content is as follows: the first chapter, the Qing Dynasty Jiangxi rural trial overview. First of all, the content and characteristics of the basic procedures, such as the trial period, examinees, roll call, inspection, disclosure and examination, etc. of Jiangxi Township in the Qing Dynasty, are outlined by the intersection of the history of the system and the history of activities. Secondly, the places in the rural examination are divided into the middle places on the list. In this part, the author explores its contents and characteristics of change. Finally, it combs the evolution characteristics of Jiangxi Gong Yuan, that is, the early displacement, the development and growth of the middle period in the rise and destruction, and the late period from the peak to the end. The second chapter, the Qing Dynasty Jiangxi township trial Wei officials. Among them, the outer curtain officials are composed of personnel such as probation, promotion, and external curtain offices. Their duties are clear, their division of labor is clear, and they are linked to each other; the inner curtain officials are the simple schools of examiners and examiners, their itineraries and propositions. In addition, in order to reduce the random error, the Qing Dynasty also established a strict system of evading and guarding officials. The third chapter, Chasiting case, rural trial fraud and illegal cases intertwined into the Qing Dynasty Jiangxi rural trial. There are complicated subjective and objective reasons behind the case, but the accident of Jiangxi Rural trial topic is the trigger of the case. In the Qing Dynasty, Jiangxi Branch Field cheated in a variety of ways, mainly by taking and memorizing the old text; in the Qing Dynasty, the rural trial was conducted against the rules. It is mainly reflected in such aspects as committing and touching taboo, true sloppy transcripts and alteration. The fourth chapter, through the comparison between the Ming and Qing dynasties, abstracts the characteristics of the geographical distribution of Jiangxi Province in Qing Dynasty: from the serious imbalance between regions to the relative equilibrium. In terms of the number of solution elements, the central Jiangxi Province is a gathering area, but the Ji'an Prefecture of Qing Dynasty has a sharp decline, while Jianchang and Fuzhou are on the rise. In terms of the number of people, the central Jiangxi Province is a gathering area, but the provinces (prefectures) tend to be equalized, which is manifested by the sharp decline of Ji'an Prefecture and the remarkable rise of Jianchang Prefecture, as well as the south of Jiangxi Province. The growth of the governments in northern Jiangxi was to a certain extent. The distribution of people in counties (departments, states) develops in the direction of equalization. Chapter V, the Qing Dynasty Jiangxi Rural trial Banquet. The venison banquet originated from the ritual of drinking in the countryside. In the Tang Dynasty when the imperial examination ceremony system entered the Song Dynasty the venison banquet tended to be extremely prosperous the Yuan Dynasty and the Ming dynasties were obviously declined. In the Qing Dynasty, the Banquet of Deer Rings was restored. Jiangxi Province is a big province, and the Banquet of Deer Rings has an important research status. This study regards the elderly people to the Banquet of Deer Rings as the angle of view of the rural trial of the Banquet of Deer Rings in Jiangxi Province. The contribution of this study lies in the combination of historical and statistical methods to clarify the characteristics of the syntenses and chronological features of the distribution in Jiangxi Province in Qing Dynasty. In addition, some aspects that should be covered by Jiangxi Rural Test Institute in Qing Dynasty, such as the basic procedure of rural test, the gongyuan, the middle post, the imperial official, the case of the branch, the geographical distribution of the explanation of the Yuan Dynasty and the holding of the people, and the banquet of the village trial, etc., were analyzed and studied in a more comprehensive and in-depth manner. A number of important conclusions have been drawn, to a certain extent, to fill the gaps in many aspects of the field.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廈門大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：G529;K249
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條
1 李海默;;“胡梅仙”即“胡煥”考[J];寧德師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)版);2012年01期
2 李圣華;;查嗣庭案新論[J];浙江社會科學(xué);2013年07期
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 楚江;清代舉人額數(shù)的統(tǒng)計(jì)[D];湖南大學(xué);2012年
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