本文關(guān)鍵詞：江漢平原鐘橋遺址地層揭示的史前洪水事件，，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

江漢平原鐘橋遺址地層揭示的史前洪水事件

Prehistoric flood events recorded at the Zhongqiao Neolithic Site in the Jianghan Plain, Central China

[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]

WU Li;ZHU Cheng;LI Feng;MA Chunmei;LI Lan;MENG Huaping;LIU Hui;WANG Xiaocui;TAN Yan;SONG Yougui （1. College of Territorial Resources and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 24

[1]安徽師范大學(xué)國土資源與旅游學(xué)院,蕪湖241002; [2]中國科學(xué)院地球環(huán)境研究所黃土與第四紀(jì)地質(zhì)國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,西安710054; [3]南京大學(xué)地理與海洋科學(xué)學(xué)院,南京210023; [4]中國科學(xué)院南京地理與湖泊研究所湖泊與環(huán)境國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,南京210008; [5]四川大學(xué)歷史文化學(xué)院,成都610064; [6]湖北省文物考古研究所,武漢430077

文章摘要：通過野外考古調(diào)查研究,利用對鐘橋遺址疑似古洪水層和研究區(qū)現(xiàn)代洪水沉積物的鋯石微形態(tài)、粒度、磁化率、Rb/Sr等地球化學(xué)指標(biāo)的比較、AMS14C技術(shù)和考古器物斷代,發(fā)現(xiàn)鐘橋遺址在4800～4597 cal.a BP、4479～4367 cal.a BP和4168～3850 cal.a BP分別經(jīng)歷了三次古洪水事件并相應(yīng)堆積了古洪水沉積層;結(jié)合江漢平原及其周邊地區(qū)眾多遺址的古洪水沉積層時(shí)代對比證據(jù),揭示了屈家?guī)X文化中晚期（4900～4600 cal.a BP）和石家河文化末期至夏代（4100～3800 cal.a BP）兩次大洪水事件在江漢平原地區(qū)非常普遍。對史前洪水發(fā)生環(huán)境背景的進(jìn)一步分析,反映江漢平原在5000～4500 a BP及4000 a BP前后的時(shí)段氣候表現(xiàn)得不穩(wěn)定,古洪水事件與氣候環(huán)境變化驅(qū)動(dòng)的江漢平原湖群擴(kuò)張存在一定的聯(lián)系,并影響區(qū)域新石器文化興衰過程。同時(shí),其它證據(jù)也表明該區(qū)社會(huì)發(fā)展過程和環(huán)境變化過程特別是古水文過程的矛盾在石家河文化末期已特別突出,發(fā)現(xiàn)具有全球意義的4000 a BP前后氣候異常引起的大洪水事件是江漢平原地區(qū)石家河文化消亡的重要環(huán)境因素;而石家河文化末期該區(qū)內(nèi)部或同中原以及其它地區(qū)間的沖突,都加速了石家河文化的崩潰。這些研究成果,提供了可靠的大禹時(shí)代史前洪水證據(jù)來說明其對新石器文化興衰的社會(huì)影響,對于揭示4000 a BP氣候事件中區(qū)域氣候水文變化的響應(yīng)規(guī)律,亦具有重要的科學(xué)意義。

Abstr：Field archaeological investigations were carried out in the Jianghan Plain in the middle reaches of the Changjiang River. Based on the integrated study with a comparative analysis for characteristics of the modern flood sediments, multidisciplinary approaches such as the AMS14 C and archaeological dating, micromorphology of zircon, grain size, magnetic susceptibility and geochemistry are conducted to identify paleoflood sediments archived at the Zhongqiao Site. The results indicate that three paleoflood events（i.e. 4800- 4597 cal. a BP,4479-4367 cal. a BP 4168-3850 cal. a BP） occurred at the Zhongqiao Site. Comparisons of paleoflood deposit layers at numerous Neolithic sites show that two Holocene extraordinary paleoflood events occurred over the Jianghan Plain area at approximately 4900-4600 cal. a BP（i.e. mid-late Qujialing cultural period） and 4100-3800 cal. a BP（i.e. from late Shijiahe cultural period to the Xia Dynasty）. Further analysis of the environmental background for the paleoflood occurrences suggested that there was great climate variability between approximately 5000- 4500 a BP and ca 4000 a BP. These two paleoflood events were closely related with the expansion of Jianghan lakes driven by the climatic change, and influenced the rise and fall of regional Neolithic Culture. Other evidences also suggested that intensified discrepancy between social development and environmental change processes（especially the hydrological process） in the end of Shijiahe cultural period might be the key factor leading to the collapse of Shijiahe Culture. The severe extraordinary floods related to the climatic anomaly at ca 4000 a BP and political conflicts from internal or other cultural areas all accelerated the collapse o

文章關(guān)鍵詞：

Keyword：:prehistoric floods Zhongqiao Neolithic Site archaeological stratum Jianghan Plain Holocene

課題項(xiàng)目：黃土與第四紀(jì)地質(zhì)國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室開放基金項(xiàng)目（SKLLQG1422）; 國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目（41401216,41371204）; 安徽師范大學(xué)科研培育基金項(xiàng)目（2014glkypy05,2014rcpy13）

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：江漢平原鐘橋遺址地層揭示的史前洪水事件，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。