【摘要】： 任何組織都會(huì)面臨危機(jī),就像人類面臨死亡一樣不可避免。公安機(jī)關(guān),作為政府一支重要的執(zhí)法力量,同樣也會(huì)面臨危機(jī),警務(wù)危機(jī)是社會(huì)公共危機(jī)的一種。我國(guó)公安機(jī)關(guān)面臨的警務(wù)危機(jī)大體分為兩種類型,一是突發(fā)公共安全事件處置過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的警務(wù)危機(jī),二是隊(duì)伍管理失當(dāng)帶來(lái)的警察形象的危機(jī)。從上述兩種警務(wù)危機(jī)的發(fā)生概率、危害程度來(lái)分析,我國(guó)因突發(fā)公共安全事件而產(chǎn)生的警務(wù)危機(jī),要遠(yuǎn)多于公安機(jī)關(guān)因隊(duì)伍管理失當(dāng)產(chǎn)生的警察形象危機(jī),而且因警察執(zhí)法不當(dāng)產(chǎn)生的警務(wù)危機(jī)案例,多數(shù)發(fā)生與公安機(jī)關(guān)處置突發(fā)公共事件失當(dāng)密切相關(guān)。 媒體一般是指報(bào)紙、雜志、電視、廣播、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等向公眾傳播信息的各種媒介或載體。當(dāng)今時(shí)代,媒體正在以前所未有的優(yōu)勢(shì),多角度、全方位地輻射著我們的社會(huì)生活。近年來(lái),隨著我國(guó)民主化對(duì)法制化進(jìn)程的不斷深入,媒體對(duì)公安機(jī)關(guān)的執(zhí)法活動(dòng)越來(lái)越加以關(guān)注,既有正面的宣傳報(bào)道,也有負(fù)面的批評(píng)報(bào)道,特別是當(dāng)有的警察組織對(duì)一些突發(fā)事件處置不當(dāng)、群體性事件處置不妥、危機(jī)信息公布不及時(shí)以及警察組織出現(xiàn)違紀(jì)違法行為等,部分媒體會(huì)將矛頭直接對(duì)準(zhǔn)警方,從而導(dǎo)致警務(wù)危機(jī)事件的不斷發(fā)生。 其實(shí)警方與媒體是誰(shuí)也離不開誰(shuí)——警方豐富的新聞資源是各家媒體競(jìng)相挖掘的富礦,警方與社會(huì)和公眾關(guān)系密切,我們的工作需要讓外界了解,同樣警方也渴望媒體的正面關(guān)注。警方應(yīng)在了解、熟悉媒體的特性和功能基礎(chǔ)上,充分發(fā)揮媒體在警務(wù)危機(jī)傳播中的積極作用,減少消極影響。新聞媒體對(duì)警務(wù)危機(jī)的報(bào)道應(yīng)當(dāng)堅(jiān)持真實(shí)性、客觀性,媒體的輿論監(jiān)督作用的最終目的是促使危機(jī)妥善處置,如果一味片面追求轟動(dòng)效應(yīng),為批評(píng)而批評(píng),為揭露而揭露,往往會(huì)增加危機(jī)處置的困難。 既然警方與媒體在警務(wù)危機(jī)中相互依存,那么尋求一種良性、互動(dòng)的和諧合作方式便成為了雙方共同的任務(wù)。警方新聞發(fā)言人制度就是警方與媒體在面對(duì)危機(jī)時(shí)良性互動(dòng)的一個(gè)有效舉措,體現(xiàn)了警方對(duì)公眾知情權(quán)的尊重,通過(guò)發(fā)揮橋梁、紐帶作用,在不斷增強(qiáng)與媒體的協(xié)作、了解的過(guò)程中,借助媒體發(fā)布危機(jī)的有效正面信息,不斷提升警務(wù)危機(jī)新聞發(fā)布活動(dòng)的傳播效果,密切與媒體的關(guān)系,從而爭(zhēng)取公眾對(duì)警方工作的支持,力求警方和媒體達(dá)到雙贏局面。 因此,作為警務(wù)危機(jī)的當(dāng)事人——警察組織應(yīng)該清醒地認(rèn)識(shí)到目前警務(wù)危機(jī)傳播與管理中存在的不足及缺陷,從組織自身出發(fā)認(rèn)識(shí)危機(jī),規(guī)范和強(qiáng)化危機(jī)傳播與管理過(guò)程中的努力方向、發(fā)展趨勢(shì),真正有效地通過(guò)警方自身行為來(lái)化解警務(wù)危機(jī),這已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)前一個(gè)迫切需要解決的全新課題,值得警方認(rèn)真加以思考。
[Abstract]:Any organization faces a crisis, just as human beings face death. The public security organ, as an important law enforcement force of the government, will also face the crisis, and the police crisis is one kind of the social public crisis. The police crisis faced by our country's public security organs can be divided into two types: one is the police crisis in the process of dealing with public security incidents, the other is the crisis of the police image caused by the mismanagement of the team. Analyzing from the probability and harm degree of the above two kinds of police affairs crisis, the police crisis caused by the sudden public security events in our country is far more than the police image crisis caused by the mismanagement of the police force in the public security organs. Moreover, most of the police crisis cases caused by improper law enforcement by the police are closely related to the mishandling of public emergencies by the public security organs. Media generally refers to newspapers, magazines, television, radio, the Internet and other media or carriers of information to the public. Nowadays, the media is radiating our social life with unprecedented advantages, various angles and all-directions. In recent years, with the deepening of the democratization of our country in the process of legalization, the media have paid more and more attention to the law enforcement activities of public security organs, both positive propaganda and negative criticism. In particular, when some police organizations improperly handle some unexpected incidents, mishandle group incidents, publish crisis information in a timely manner, and police organizations violate discipline and law, some media will directly target the police. As a result, the police crisis events continue to occur. In fact, no one can leave the police and the media. The rich news resources of the police are the rich mines that various media are racing to dig. The police are closely related to the society and the public. Our work needs to be understood by the outside world. The police also crave positive media attention. On the basis of understanding and knowing the characteristics and functions of the media, the police should give full play to the positive role of the media in the communication of police crisis and reduce the negative influence. The news media should insist on authenticity, objectivity, and the ultimate purpose of the media's supervisory role of public opinion is to promote the proper handling of the crisis. If the media blindly pursues sensationalism, criticizes for criticism and exposes for the sake of disclosure, It often makes it more difficult to deal with a crisis. Since the police and the media depend on each other in the police crisis, it becomes a common task for both sides to seek a benign and interactive way of harmonious cooperation. The police press spokesman system is an effective measure of benign interaction between the police and the media in the face of a crisis. It reflects the police's respect for the public's right to know, and through playing a role as a bridge and a link, it is constantly enhancing its collaboration with the media. In the process of understanding, with the help of effective positive information on the crisis released by the media, the communication effect of the press release activities on the police crisis has been continuously improved, and the relationship with the media has been close, thus winning the public's support for the work of the police. Strive for a win-win situation between the police and the media. Therefore, as the parties to the police crisis, the police organization should soberly realize the shortcomings and defects in the dissemination and management of the current police crisis, and recognize the crisis from the perspective of the organization itself. Standardizing and strengthening the direction and development trend of the crisis communication and management process, truly and effectively resolving the police crisis through the police's own behavior, has become a new issue that needs to be solved urgently. The police are worthy of serious consideration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：D035.3

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

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