【摘要】：跨國(guó)有組織犯罪，是犯罪發(fā)展進(jìn)程中必然出現(xiàn)的一種具有鮮明時(shí)代特征的犯罪類型。世界經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化進(jìn)程的加快、科學(xué)技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展以及交通通訊的日益發(fā)達(dá)給我們的生活帶來(lái)巨大的變化�？鐕�(guó)有組織犯罪在這一大形勢(shì)下呈現(xiàn)出一些新的特點(diǎn)，同時(shí)也對(duì)各國(guó)及國(guó)際社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定造成了前所未有的威脅�！堵�(lián)合國(guó)打擊跨國(guó)有組織犯罪公約》是國(guó)際社會(huì)與該種嚴(yán)重危害各國(guó)利益的犯罪進(jìn)行斗爭(zhēng)的一個(gè)里程碑，我國(guó)于2003年9月加入了該公約。本文從國(guó)際刑法學(xué)的角度，對(duì)跨國(guó)有組織犯罪的犯罪現(xiàn)狀、立法現(xiàn)狀和司法現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行概述，分析其中存在的問(wèn)題，并在此基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合公約提出一些應(yīng)對(duì)的策略，力求為我國(guó)預(yù)防和打擊跨國(guó)有組織犯罪盡一些綿薄之力。 本文的第一部分，對(duì)跨國(guó)有組織犯罪的犯罪現(xiàn)狀、立法現(xiàn)狀、司法現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了概覽和分析。筆者認(rèn)為，跨國(guó)有組織犯罪是由三人或多人組成的、在一定時(shí)期內(nèi)存在的有組織結(jié)構(gòu)的犯罪集團(tuán)，以獲取經(jīng)濟(jì)利益為最終目的，而實(shí)施的行為或結(jié)果涉及兩個(gè)以上國(guó)家的犯罪活動(dòng)。在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展迅速、科技進(jìn)步日新月異的今天，跨國(guó)有組織犯罪呈現(xiàn)出一些自身的新特點(diǎn)：組織化程度越來(lái)越高，具有嚴(yán)密的分工及專業(yè)化特性；跨國(guó)地域進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大；涵蓋犯罪類型廣泛；由經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域向政治領(lǐng)域擴(kuò)展，并試圖披上“合法化”的外衣；以及充分利用現(xiàn)代化設(shè)備，犯罪手段由暴力向智能化轉(zhuǎn)變。跨國(guó)有組織犯罪不但危害各國(guó) WP=51 社會(huì)安全，威脅國(guó)際社會(huì)穩(wěn)定，而且阻礙各國(guó)間正常的經(jīng)濟(jì)交往，破壞世界經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序，同時(shí)也沖擊各國(guó)法律制度，挑戰(zhàn)國(guó)際刑事司法體系。面對(duì)來(lái)勢(shì)兇猛的跨國(guó)有組織犯罪，各國(guó)各地區(qū)均采取積極的態(tài)度，紛紛通過(guò)立法對(duì)其進(jìn)行控制與防范。從各國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)立法來(lái)看，制定專門的刑事法規(guī)對(duì)有組織犯罪予以懲治，已逐漸成為各國(guó)反有組織犯罪立法的首選。聯(lián)合國(guó)大會(huì)第55屆會(huì)議通過(guò)的《聯(lián)合國(guó)打擊跨國(guó)有組織犯罪公約》是國(guó)際社會(huì)長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)同跨國(guó)有組織犯罪進(jìn)行斗爭(zhēng)的結(jié)果，其通過(guò)國(guó)際公約的形式構(gòu)建了全球性控制跨國(guó)有組織犯罪的國(guó)際法律機(jī)制。現(xiàn)階段對(duì)跨國(guó)有組織犯罪的打擊，仍以各國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)司法機(jī)關(guān)為主；同時(shí)，鑒于該種犯罪的跨國(guó)特性，雙邊及多邊合作也是必不可少的；國(guó)際刑警組織在國(guó)際社會(huì)打擊跨國(guó)有組織犯罪的行動(dòng)中充當(dāng)了重要角色。 本文的第二部分，在前文解讀現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)之上，分析了跨國(guó)有組織犯罪的立法和司法中存在的問(wèn)題。國(guó)內(nèi)刑事立法相對(duì)滯后、各國(guó)法律制度間存在差異以及配套法規(guī)不健全在立法層面給跨國(guó)有組織犯罪以可乘之機(jī)；而國(guó)家間存在的政治分歧和狹隘的民族利益觀、管轄權(quán)沖突問(wèn)題以及在刑事制裁執(zhí)行時(shí)涉及的追繳犯罪所得問(wèn)題則在司法層面對(duì)同跨國(guó)有組織犯罪的斗爭(zhēng)中形成了種種阻礙。 本文的第三部分，在前文解讀跨國(guó)有組織犯罪的現(xiàn)狀和分析立法、司法中所存在的問(wèn)題的基礎(chǔ)之上，結(jié)合《聯(lián)合國(guó)打擊跨國(guó)有組織犯罪公約》中的相關(guān)規(guī)定，試對(duì)我國(guó)預(yù)防和打擊跨 WP=52 國(guó)有組織犯罪提出一些策略和建議。首先，筆者從制定針對(duì)跨國(guó)有組織犯罪的專門法條或法規(guī)和修改完善刑法中的相關(guān)條款兩個(gè)方面入手，建議完善國(guó)內(nèi)刑事立法，提出擴(kuò)大刑法中洗錢罪的上游犯罪范圍以及在刑法中增設(shè)“賄賂外國(guó)公職人員和國(guó)際公務(wù)員罪”的意見；其次，，筆者認(rèn)為應(yīng)在司法環(huán)節(jié)引入針對(duì)跨國(guó)有組織犯罪的特殊措施。比如，在偵查階段允許采用一些非常規(guī)的偵查手段、加強(qiáng)對(duì)證人的保護(hù)等；第三，要加強(qiáng)國(guó)家間和地區(qū)間的刑事司法合作。其中包括管轄合作、關(guān)于沒收和扣押的合作等方面；最后，還要建立合理的社會(huì)防控體系。打擊有組織犯罪并不只是公檢法三個(gè)部門的事情，只有保證社會(huì)肌體的各個(gè)器官處于良性運(yùn)作狀態(tài)，才能從根本上遏制有組織犯罪的滋生。
[Abstract]:Transnational organized crime is an inevitable type of crime in the course of the development of crime. The acceleration of the process of integration of world economy, the rapid development of science and technology and the increasing development of traffic and communication have brought great changes to our life. Transnational organized crime is present in this big situation. Some new features, at the same time, pose unprecedented threats to the stability of countries and the international community. The United Nations Convention against transnational organized crime is a milestone in the struggle between the international community and this kind of crime that seriously endangering the interests of all countries. China joined the Convention in September 2003. This article is from the perspective of international criminal law. The present situation of transnational organized crime, the present situation of legislation and the current situation of judicature are summarized, and the existing problems are analyzed. On the basis of this, some countermeasures are put forward in combination with the Convention, so as to try our best to prevent and combat transnational organized crime.
The first part of this article is a survey and analysis of the present situation of transnational organized crime, the status of legislation and the current situation of judicature. The author believes that transnational organized crime is a organized criminal group of three or more persons in a certain period of time, in order to obtain economic benefits as the ultimate goal, and to carry out the actions or results. With the rapid development of the world economy and the rapid progress of science and technology, transnational organized crime presents some new characteristics: the degree of organization is more and more high, and the division of labor and specialization is strict; the transnational region is expanding in one step; it covers a wide range of criminal types; the economy is led by the economy. It expands to the political field and tries to put on the "legalized" coat, and the full use of modern equipment, and the crime means from violence to intelligence. Transnational organized crime not only endangers countries.
WP=51
Social security threatens the stability of the international community, hinders the normal economic exchanges between countries, destroys the world economic order, and at the same time shocks the legal systems of various countries and challenges the international criminal justice system. Facing the fierce and fierce transnational organized crime, various countries and regions have taken an extreme attitude to control and prevent them through legislation. From the domestic legislation, the formulation of special criminal laws and regulations to punish organized crime has gradually become the first choice for the anti organized crime legislation of various countries. The United Nations Convention against transnational organized crime, adopted by the fifty-fifth session of the United Nations General Assembly, is the result of the long struggle of the international community with transnational organized crime, The international legal mechanism to control transnational organized crime is constructed in the form of international conventions. At the present stage, the fight against transnational organized crime is still dominated by the domestic judicial organs of all countries. At the same time, in view of the transnational characteristics of the crime, bilateral and multilateral cooperation is essential; Interpol is in the international community. It has played an important role in combating transnational organized crime.
The second part of this article, on the basis of the previous interpretation of the present situation, analyzes the existing problems in the legislation and judicature of transnational organized crime. The domestic criminal legislation is lagging behind, the differences in the legal system of various countries and the unsound related laws and regulations are the opportunity for Transnational Organized Crime in the legislative level; and the state exists in the state of politics. The problems of governing differences and narrow national interests, the conflict of jurisdiction and the recovery of the proceeds of crime involved in the execution of criminal sanctions have formed various obstacles in the struggle against Transnational Organized Crime in the judicial layer.
The third part of this article is on the basis of the analysis of the present situation of transnational organized crime, the analysis of legislation and the problems existing in the judicature, and combined with the relevant provisions in the United Nations Convention against transnational organized crime to try to prevent and combat our country.
WP=52
The author puts forward some strategies and suggestions for state organized crime. First, the author proposes to improve the domestic criminal legislation from two aspects of formulating special law or regulations aimed at transnational organized crime and revising the relevant provisions in the criminal law, and proposes to expand the scope of the crime of money laundering in the criminal law and to add "bribe foreign countries" in the criminal law. The opinion of the crime of public officials and international civil servants. Secondly, the author thinks that special measures should be introduced in the judicial link for transnational organized crime. For example, some unconventional investigative means should be adopted in the investigation stage, and the protection of witnesses should be strengthened. Third, the criminal judicial cooperation between countries and regions should be strengthened. Including cooperation in jurisdiction, cooperation on confiscation and seizure, and other aspects of cooperation in confiscation and seizure; finally, a reasonable system of social prevention and control should be established. The fight against organized crime is not only a matter of the three departments of public inspection law, but only to ensure that all organs of the social body are in a healthy state of operation, can the formation of organized crime be contained in the root.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2004
【分類號(hào)】：D917

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本文編號(hào)：2136901