發(fā)布時間：2018-03-13 00:27

  本文選題：犯罪　切入點：心理　出處：《西南政法大學(xué)》2004年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：犯罪既是一種社會現(xiàn)象，又是一種個體現(xiàn)象。任何犯罪行為的發(fā)生，都是在行為人的有關(guān)心理活動和心理因素的影響下進行的。支配行為人實施犯罪行為的心理狀態(tài)和心理因素稱為犯罪心理。犯罪心理的生成及其發(fā)展變化，要受到相關(guān)的主客觀條件的影響，并表現(xiàn)出一定的規(guī)律。本文即對犯罪心理的生成機制和規(guī)律進行比較深入的探討。 全文共分五章：第一章，緒論。作者首先對犯罪、犯罪心理、犯罪心理生成機制等基本概念進行了科學(xué)界定。在比較了各種犯罪概念之后，作者從犯罪心理學(xué)角度給“犯罪”下了一個定義：“犯罪是具有刑事責(zé)任能力的行為人運用社會(尤其是統(tǒng)治階級)不認(rèn)可且不能容忍的方式滿足自己的需要，嚴(yán)重侵犯了法律所保護的社會主流價值，，依法應(yīng)當(dāng)受到相應(yīng)的刑罰懲罰的行為�！痹摱�義揭示出了行為人實施犯罪行為的內(nèi)在原因是為了滿足自己的需要；犯罪的表現(xiàn)形式就在于行為人滿足需要的行為方式不為社會規(guī)范所認(rèn)可，而且這種行為方式對社會所造成的侵害程度又超出了社會心理的容忍度，社會迫不得已要對行為人進行人格否定和刑事制裁。該定義表明，犯罪生成和犯罪認(rèn)定都是一種心理活動過程，也可以說是一種心理現(xiàn)象；從而在理論上說明了研究犯罪心理生成機制的重要性。 “犯罪心理”有狹義和廣義之分：狹義的犯罪心理是指支配行為人實施犯罪行為時的心理狀態(tài)(如認(rèn)識狀態(tài)、意志狀態(tài)、情緒情感狀態(tài)、注意狀態(tài)等)和有關(guān)心理因素(如人格、性格、能力、氣質(zhì)、自我意識等)；廣義的犯罪心理是指與犯罪行為的發(fā)生發(fā)展和完成有關(guān)的各種心理活動狀態(tài)和心理因素的總稱。作者認(rèn)為，狹義的犯罪心理充分體現(xiàn)了罪過心理的實質(zhì)，但從研究犯罪心理的形成過程和轉(zhuǎn)化規(guī)律的實際目的出發(fā)，應(yīng)以廣義的犯罪心理為視角。 “犯罪心理生成機制”是指在犯罪心理的形成和發(fā)展變化過程中，各種影響因素之間相互作用的過程、方式和原理。作者認(rèn)為，犯罪心理的生成過程可分為四個階段，同時也是犯罪心理四個不同層次的表現(xiàn)：個體在社會化過程中，由于生物學(xué)因素(包括遺傳因素和生理因素)與社會不良因素的相互作用，使個體沒有將社會規(guī)范內(nèi)化為個體意識，以致于個體在滿足需要的過程中經(jīng)常與社會發(fā)生沖突，導(dǎo)致人格出現(xiàn)社會性缺陷，人格缺陷即是生成犯罪心理的基礎(chǔ)(第一層次，人格缺陷的生成)；已經(jīng)形成了的人格缺陷在合適的社會環(huán)境條件的刺激作用下，就可能促使行為人選擇社會不認(rèn)可的方式滿足自己的需要，從而形成犯罪動機、犯罪目的和犯罪決意等犯罪意識(第二層次，犯罪意識的生成)；犯罪意識與犯罪意志的相互作用，轉(zhuǎn)化為特定的心理狀態(tài)支配行為人實施犯罪行為，即為罪過心理(第三層次，罪過心理的生成)；罪過心理在現(xiàn)實中的展開(外化)過程即是犯罪行為的實施(包括預(yù)備和實行)過程；在此過程中，由于各種主客觀條件的變化及其影響，罪過心理還可能發(fā)生性質(zhì)不同的轉(zhuǎn)化(第四層次，犯罪心理的轉(zhuǎn)化)。犯罪心理的轉(zhuǎn)化為我們預(yù)防犯罪和教育改造罪犯、矯正其人格缺陷提供了理論依據(jù)。 本文以辨證唯物主義思想為指導(dǎo)，運用刑法學(xué)、犯罪學(xué)、犯罪心理學(xué)、社會心理學(xué)等學(xué)科的有關(guān)原理和方法，從動態(tài)的角度深入而系統(tǒng)地分析了犯罪心理的生成機制及其罪過實質(zhì)， 犯罪心理生成機制研究 并就司法實踐中如何正確認(rèn)定主觀罪過、如何預(yù)防犯罪和教育改造罪犯等問題進行了探討。 這些研究成果.不僅在理論上可以推動犯罪心理學(xué)、犯罪學(xué)、刑法學(xué)等相關(guān)學(xué)科的發(fā)展和創(chuàng) 新，而且在實踐上可以為制定刑事政策、刑事立法，以及刑事司法活動等提供理論依據(jù)。因 此，本研究具有明顯的理論意義和實踐價值。 本研究的目的就在于揭示犯罪心理的生成過程和規(guī)律，論證作者所主張的四層次理論 的合理性，豐富和發(fā)展現(xiàn)有的犯罪心理學(xué)理論.并對犯罪學(xué)關(guān)于犯罪原因的研究，對刑法學(xué) 關(guān)于犯罪主觀要件的研究等有所創(chuàng)新和促進。 第二章.人格缺陷的生成機制。在全面考察了中外刑事法學(xué)中有關(guān)人格問題的研究概 況之后，作者指出，雖然現(xiàn)代刑法理論都十分重視研究行為人的人格問題，均注意到了行為 人的人格與犯罪行為之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，但卻陷人了簡單的機械決定論的泥坑;因為已有的研 究將犯罪的本質(zhì)、刑法的任務(wù)、刑罰的目的等彼此割裂開來，脫離了犯罪的本質(zhì)探討行為人 的人格問題。作者認(rèn)為，犯罪是行為人人格結(jié)構(gòu)中社會性缺陷的表現(xiàn)，其實質(zhì)是行為人對社 會規(guī)范的敵視、蔑視或輕視、漠視的態(tài)度(正是有了這些不正確的態(tài)度，行為人才會選擇社會 不認(rèn)可的行為方式滿足自己的需要)，但有人格缺陷者未必一定會犯罪，因為人格缺陷轉(zhuǎn)化 為罪過心理狀態(tài)還必須依賴于一定的主客觀條件，人格缺陷只是生成罪過心理的必要條件 而不是充分條件;刑罰的主要目的就是要改變行為人對社會規(guī)范的不正確態(tài)度.塑造健全人 格，使之養(yǎng)成運用社會所認(rèn)可的方式滿足自己需要的行為習(xí)慣，不至于再侵犯代表社會主流 價值的合法權(quán)益;刑法的任務(wù)也是為了培養(yǎng)和塑造社會中的個人形成健全人格，自覺遵守社 會規(guī)范，保護社會主流價值。因此，這三者之間是相互聯(lián)系的辨證統(tǒng)一體。 在本章中，作者借用人格心理學(xué)和社會心理學(xué)的研究方法與成果，探討了人
[Abstract]:Crime is a social phenomenon, but also a kind of individual phenomenon. Any crimes are in the mental activity and psychological factors of human behavior. The psychological state and psychological factors dominate the crime behavior known as criminal psychology. Formation and evolution of crime psychology. To be affected by the related subjective and objective conditions, and show some regularity. This paper is in-depth discussion on the formation mechanism and law of criminal psychology.
The full text is divided into five chapters: the first chapter, introduction. Author of crime, criminal psychology, criminal psychology and other basic concepts of the formation mechanism of scientificdefinition. After comparing various concepts of crime, the author from the angle of criminal psychology to "crime" under a definition: "a crime is the behavior of people with criminal responsibility the use of social (especially the ruling class) is not recognized and cannot bear to meet his needs, a serious violation of the social mainstream value protected by law, shall be subject to appropriate punishment according to law." this definition reveals the inner reason of crime behavior is to satisfy their own needs; performance the form of crime is the behavior to meet the needs of people's behavior is not recognized by the social norms, and the behavior of the degree of damage caused by the society and beyond the social heart The tolerance of society, have to be denied and criminal sanctions on the behavior of people. This definition shows that the formation and determination for crime is a kind of psychological activity process, but also can be said to be a psychological phenomenon; in order to illustrate the importance of criminal psychological mechanism in theory.
"Criminal psychology" has narrow sense and broad sense: narrow criminal psychology refers to the crime behavior of mental state (such as the state of understanding, will, emotion, attention etc.) and related psychological factors (such as personality, character, ability, temperament, self consciousness etc.); crime is the general psychological generalized state of various kinds of psychological activities in development and implementation of related factors and psychological factors refers to the crime. The author thinks that the crime psychology fully embodies the essence of narrow criminal psychology, but the actual objective from the formation and transformation of the research of criminal psychology of criminal psychology should be based on the generalized perspective.
The mechanism of criminal formation refers to the formation and development process in criminal psychology in the process of interaction between the various influencing factors, methods and principle. The author thinks that the formation process of criminal psychology can be divided into four stages, but also the criminal psychology of four different levels: the individual in the process of socialization, due to biological factors (including genetic factors and physiological factors) and the interaction of harmful factors in the society, the individual will not social norms into individual consciousness, so as to meet the needs of the individual in the process often and social conflict, resulting in social personality defects, personality defect is generated on the basis of Criminal Psychology (the first level, personality defect generation); stimulation of personality defects has been formed in the appropriate social environment conditions, it may encourage people to choose social recognition behavior The way to meet their own needs, so as to form the motive for the crime, crime and the criminal purpose of crime to consciousness (the production of the second level, the consciousness of sin); the interaction of criminal consciousness and will, into the specific psychology of crime behavior, namely crime psychology (the third level, the crime psychology generation); sin mental unfolding in reality (external) implementation is the process of criminal behavior (including the preparation and implementation process); in this process, due to changes in the subjective and objective conditions and effects of crime psychology may also occur with different properties (transformation into fourth levels, the criminal psychology). Transformation of criminal psychology for the prevention of crime and criminals, correct their personality defects to provide a theoretical basis.
Guided by dialectical materialism, this paper analyzes the essence and mechanism of criminal psychology from a dynamic perspective by using the principles and methods of criminology, criminology, social psychology and so on.
Research on the formation mechanism of criminal psychology
It also discusses how to correctly identify the subjective crime in the judicial practice and how to prevent the crime and the education and reform the criminals.
These research results, not only in theory can promote the development and creation of related disciplines, such as criminal psychology, criminology, criminal law and so on.
It can also provide theoretical basis for criminal policy, criminal legislation, and criminal judicial activities in practice.
Therefore, this study has obvious theoretical significance and practical value.
The purpose of this study is to reveal the process and law of the formation of criminal psychology, and to demonstrate the four level theory advocated by the author.
To enrich and develop the existing theory of criminal psychology, and to study the cause of crime in criminology, to criminal law
The research on the subjective elements of the crime has been innovated and promoted.
The second chapter. The formation mechanism of personality defects. A comprehensive investigation of the study of personality problems in Chinese and foreign criminal law
After the situation, the author points out that although the theory of modern criminal law attaches great importance to the study of the personality of the perpetrator, it has taken notice of the behavior.
The intrinsic link between personality and the perpetrator, but in simple mechanical materialism; because of the existing research
The essence of the crime, the task of the criminal law and the purpose of the penalty are separated from each other, and the nature of the crime is disconnected from the perpetrator.
The author believes that crime is a manifestation of social defects in the personality structure of the perpetrator, the essence of which is the behavior of the person to the society.
The canonical hostility, disdain, disregard, and disregard of the attitude (it is these inaccurate attitudes that the behavior will choose the society. "
The disapproved behavior satisfies your needs, but the person who has a personality defect may not necessarily commit a crime because of the transformation of personality defects.
It is necessary to rely on certain subjective and objective conditions for the mental state of the crime, and the personality defect is only the necessary condition for the formation of the crime psychology.
It is not sufficient conditions; the main purpose of the penalty is to change the incorrect attitude of the actor to the social norms.
To make it form the habit of meeting the needs of the society in the way that it is recognized by the society, and not to infringe on the mainstream of the society.
The legitimate rights and interests of the value of the criminal law, the task of the criminal law is also to cultivate and mold the individual in the society to form a sound personality, and consciously abide by the society.
It will be standardized to protect the mainstream values of the society. Therefore, the three are the dialectical unity of interconnections.
In this chapter, the author uses the research methods and achievements of personality psychology and social psychology to discuss people

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2004
【分類號】：D917.2

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前4條

1 吳燕武;刑罰根據(jù)及其基于心理學(xué)理論的探討[D];中國政法大學(xué);2007年

2 何敏;被害人惡逆變犯罪探析[D];中國政法大學(xué);2007年

3 張軼;從社會環(huán)境因素對職務(wù)犯罪心理的影響談職務(wù)犯罪的預(yù)防[D];華東政法學(xué)院;2007年

4 韓振興;對犯罪根源認(rèn)識的再思考[D];吉林大學(xué);2007年

本文編號：1604007