發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-21 09:15

  本文選題：無線傳感網(wǎng) + 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)��； 參考：《西北大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)是當(dāng)前最熱門的技術(shù)之一,其中的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、泛在網(wǎng)絡(luò)等已經(jīng)開始在人類社會(huì)生活的各個(gè)方面應(yīng)用,例如野外環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)、智能家居、工業(yè)控制、災(zāi)害預(yù)警等。而此類應(yīng)用有很多不僅對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)的實(shí)時(shí)性存在較高要求,需要無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)保證一定的延遲下限,同時(shí)對(duì)魯棒性或者能耗在不同的場(chǎng)景下也存在不同的要求。例如,在災(zāi)害預(yù)警類應(yīng)用中,網(wǎng)絡(luò)通常工作在比較惡劣的環(huán)境中,所以協(xié)議除了要具有較好的延遲表現(xiàn)以外,還需要有較好的魯棒性,以保證災(zāi)害發(fā)生時(shí)預(yù)警信息可以安全高效的抵達(dá)目的。本文的研究對(duì)這類低延遲的應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了深入分析,在野外環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)等場(chǎng)景,網(wǎng)絡(luò)主要由使用電池供電的有源傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)(以下簡(jiǎn)稱傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn))組成,主要挑戰(zhàn)是要兼顧延遲性能和魯棒性,在智能家居等場(chǎng)景中;網(wǎng)絡(luò)主要由從環(huán)境中獲取能量的Energy Harvesting節(jié)點(diǎn)(能量收集型節(jié)點(diǎn))組成,主要挑戰(zhàn)是要兼顧延遲和能耗,本文針對(duì)以上這些挑戰(zhàn)進(jìn)行了以下幾個(gè)方面的研究:1.提出了低延遲高魯棒性的路由協(xié)議(RDR),RDR通過獨(dú)特的路徑探測(cè)尋找延遲較短、抗逆性較強(qiáng)的路徑,以此降低傳輸延遲,利用周圍節(jié)點(diǎn)協(xié)助轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)解決不穩(wěn)定鏈路,增強(qiáng)魯棒性,使得網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的節(jié)點(diǎn)可以在良好的網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境和惡劣的網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境中都保持較好的延遲表現(xiàn),同時(shí)保證網(wǎng)絡(luò)中節(jié)點(diǎn)可以進(jìn)行端到端通信,不再局限于單向數(shù)據(jù)收集。2.提出延遲可控的低能耗MAC協(xié)議(ED-MAC),將通信的發(fā)起方由發(fā)送節(jié)點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移至接收節(jié)點(diǎn),由接收節(jié)點(diǎn)發(fā)起通信,避免了由于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)信道引起的碰撞問題。通過對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)包到達(dá)時(shí)間進(jìn)行估算和動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整休眠周期,減少了空閑監(jiān)聽時(shí)間,以此保證了低能耗。通過對(duì)動(dòng)態(tài)精準(zhǔn)的調(diào)整收發(fā)雙方的相遇時(shí)間,保證平均等待延遲可控,從實(shí)驗(yàn)的角度給出了協(xié)議的適用范圍,實(shí)現(xiàn)了延遲和低能耗通信。同時(shí)ED-MAC不需要進(jìn)行時(shí)鐘同步。3.針對(duì)前述協(xié)議,本文使用OMNeT++平臺(tái)圍繞延遲,魯棒性,能耗等多個(gè)角度進(jìn)行了大量的仿真實(shí)驗(yàn),通過理論分析和仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)合,從各個(gè)方面說明了本文所提出的協(xié)議的有效性和正確性。與現(xiàn)有的方法相比,本文提出的協(xié)議不僅可以滿足延遲性能的需求,同時(shí),對(duì)于隨之而來的潛在要求也可以很好的滿足,更好的適應(yīng)了延遲性能要求高的應(yīng)用,增加了無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)的應(yīng)用前景。
[Abstract]:Wireless network is one of the most popular technologies at present. Among them, wireless sensor network, Internet of things, ubiquitous network, and so on, have begun to be applied in all aspects of human social life, such as field environment monitoring, intelligent home, industrial control, etc. Disaster warning, etc. However, many of these applications not only have high requirements for real-time data, but also require wireless networks to ensure a certain delay limit, and also have different requirements for robustness or energy consumption in different scenarios. For example, in disaster warning applications, the network usually works in a bad environment, so in addition to having better delay performance, the protocol also needs better robustness. In order to ensure the disaster early warning information can reach the purpose of safety and efficiency. In the field environment monitoring and other scenarios, the network is mainly composed of battery-powered active sensor nodes (hereinafter referred to as sensor nodes). The main challenge is to balance delay performance and robustness in scenarios such as smart homes; the network consists of Energy Harvesting nodes (energy collection nodes) that derive energy from the environment, and the main challenge is to balance delay and energy consumption. This paper studies these challenges in the following ways: 1. In this paper, a routing protocol with low delay and high robustness is proposed to find the path with short delay and strong resistance through unique path detection, so as to reduce the transmission delay, to use the surrounding nodes to help forward the unstable link, and to enhance the robustness. The nodes in the network can maintain better delay performance in both the good network environment and the bad network environment. At the same time, the nodes in the network can be end-to-end communication and are no longer confined to one-way data collection. 2. A low energy consumption MAC protocol with controlled delay is proposed to transfer the initiator of the communication from the sending node to the receiving node and to initiate the communication by the receiving node so as to avoid the collision problem caused by the competing channel. By estimating the packet arrival time and dynamically adjusting the sleep cycle, the idle listening time is reduced, and the low energy consumption is ensured. By adjusting the meeting time of the two transceivers dynamically and accurately to ensure that the average waiting delay is controllable, the range of application of the protocol is given from the point of view of experiment, and the communication between delay and low energy consumption is realized. At the same time, ED-MAC does not need to synchronize the clock. 3. In view of the above protocol, this paper uses the OMNeT platform to carry out a large number of simulation experiments around delay, robustness, energy consumption and so on, and combines the theoretical analysis with simulation experiments. The validity and correctness of the proposed protocol are illustrated from various aspects. Compared with the existing methods, the proposed protocol can not only meet the requirements of delay performance, but also meet the potential requirements, and better adapt to the applications with high delay performance. The application prospect of wireless network is increased.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TP212.9;TN915.04

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本文編號(hào)：1918590