本文選題：無(wú)線(xiàn)傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò) + Contiki��； 參考：《湖北工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著無(wú)線(xiàn)通信、傳感器與集成電路等關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的不斷成熟和潛在的應(yīng)用需求不斷增多，無(wú)線(xiàn)傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)作為一種新興信息獲取技術(shù)已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)今國(guó)內(nèi)外新興技術(shù)前沿的研究熱點(diǎn)。無(wú)線(xiàn)傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)是一個(gè)新興學(xué)科與傳統(tǒng)學(xué)科領(lǐng)域高度交叉的發(fā)展方向，無(wú)線(xiàn)節(jié)點(diǎn)一般存儲(chǔ)資源受限且易受外界環(huán)境干擾，現(xiàn)階段國(guó)內(nèi)外無(wú)線(xiàn)傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)領(lǐng)域開(kāi)發(fā)的相關(guān)傳輸協(xié)議棧多為“半開(kāi)源”，且大多數(shù)協(xié)議棧都被封裝，使其應(yīng)用受到一定的局限性。論文主要探究在無(wú)線(xiàn)傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)上使用開(kāi)源Contiki操作系統(tǒng)和FreakZ協(xié)議棧構(gòu)建無(wú)線(xiàn)傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)，完成無(wú)線(xiàn)傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)采集，并通過(guò)無(wú)線(xiàn)的方式將信息發(fā)送至監(jiān)控中心。 首先，論文闡述了無(wú)線(xiàn)傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的相關(guān)基本概念以及相應(yīng)的基本特征；介紹了適用于短距離無(wú)線(xiàn)通信的IEEE802.15.4標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及ZigBee協(xié)議規(guī)范，詳細(xì)介紹了無(wú)線(xiàn)傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)方案，對(duì)比分析了當(dāng)今國(guó)內(nèi)外主流的適用于無(wú)線(xiàn)傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的操作系統(tǒng)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議棧，結(jié)合本文組網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)選取了STM32處理器和射頻AT86RF212收發(fā)器分離的無(wú)線(xiàn)節(jié)點(diǎn)硬件平臺(tái)，軟件平臺(tái)選取輕量級(jí)嵌入式多任務(wù)操作系統(tǒng)Contiki與FreakZ網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議棧，實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)線(xiàn)傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)的組網(wǎng)。 其次，在硬件方面，對(duì)STM32微處理器與射頻芯片AT86RF212電路進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)，以及對(duì)其他外圍電路部分進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)，包括電源、串口、JTAG接口電路等，微處理器與射頻模塊通過(guò)SPI接口進(jìn)行雙向通信，實(shí)現(xiàn)AT86RF212射頻的驅(qū)動(dòng)。 在軟件方面，本文在IAR軟件編譯環(huán)境下采用開(kāi)源的嵌入式多任務(wù)操作系統(tǒng)Contiki以及開(kāi)源網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議棧FreakZ。在深入分析Contiki操作系統(tǒng)內(nèi)核的基礎(chǔ)上，解釋了其兩大核心機(jī)制；詳細(xì)分析FreakZ協(xié)議棧中數(shù)據(jù)傳輸鏈路及傳輸方式。使用模塊化的方式將Contiki和FreakZ移植到硬件平臺(tái)上，介紹了移植的詳細(xì)步驟，給出了SPI模塊及RF212的驅(qū)動(dòng)程序設(shè)計(jì)，詳細(xì)介紹了協(xié)議棧中各層的數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送與接收處理鏈路以及數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送與接收流程，完成無(wú)線(xiàn)傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)的無(wú)線(xiàn)組網(wǎng)，并在建立的網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)線(xiàn)傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)的數(shù)據(jù)幀的發(fā)送、接收。 最后，在實(shí)驗(yàn)室環(huán)境下測(cè)試，介紹了硬件及軟件調(diào)試方法，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，硬件平臺(tái)上，在Contiki操作系統(tǒng)下使用FreakZ協(xié)議棧，通過(guò)終端上顯示的節(jié)點(diǎn)組網(wǎng)信息及網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)表明，使用FreakZ協(xié)議棧成功實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)線(xiàn)傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)組網(wǎng)。
[Abstract]:With the development of wireless communication, sensor and integrated circuit and other key technologies, the potential application demand is increasing. Wireless sensor network (WSN) as a new information acquisition technology has become the research hotspot of emerging technologies at home and abroad. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) is a highly intersecting development direction between new disciplines and traditional disciplines. Wireless nodes generally have limited storage resources and are vulnerable to external environment interference. At present, most of the transport protocol stacks developed in the field of wireless sensor networks at home and abroad are semi-open source, and most of them are encapsulated, so their applications are limited to a certain extent. This paper mainly explores the use of open source Contiki operating system and FreakZ protocol stack in wireless sensor node to construct wireless sensor network, complete the data acquisition of wireless sensor network monitoring system, and send the information to the monitoring center by wireless way. Firstly, this paper introduces the basic concepts and characteristics of wireless sensor networks, introduces the IEEE802.15.4 standard and ZigBee protocol specification for short range wireless communication, and introduces the design scheme of wireless sensor nodes in detail. The operating system and network protocol stack suitable for wireless sensor network are compared and analyzed. The hardware platform of wireless node which is separated by STM32 processor and radio frequency AT86RF212 transceiver is selected according to the characteristics of the networking system in this paper. The software platform selects the lightweight embedded multitask operating system Contiki and FreakZ network protocol stack to realize the wireless sensor node networking. Secondly, in the aspect of hardware, the design of STM32 microprocessor and RF chip AT86RF212 circuit, as well as the design of other peripheral circuits, including power supply, serial port JTAG interface circuit, etc. The microprocessor and RF module communicate bidirectional through SPI interface to realize AT86RF212 RF drive. In terms of software, this paper adopts open source embedded multitask operating system Contiki and open source network protocol stack Freak Z. On the basis of deeply analyzing the kernel of Contiki operating system, two core mechanisms are explained, and the data transmission link and transmission mode in FreakZ protocol stack are analyzed in detail. The Contiki and FreakZ are transplanted to the hardware platform by modularization. The detailed steps of the transplantation are introduced, and the design of the SPI module and the driver of RF212 are given. This paper introduces in detail the data transmission and receive processing link and the data transmission and receiving flow in each layer of the protocol stack, completes the wireless networking of the wireless sensor node, and realizes the transmission of the data frame of the wireless sensor node in the established network. Receive. Finally, the hardware and software debugging methods are introduced in the laboratory environment. The experimental results show that the FreakZ protocol stack is used in the Contiki operating system on the hardware platform, and the node network information and network structure are displayed on the terminal. The FreakZ protocol stack is used to realize the wireless sensor node networking successfully.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖北工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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