本文選題：無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡 + Contiki　； 參考：《湖北工業(yè)大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著無線通信、傳感器與集成電路等關鍵技術的不斷成熟和潛在的應用需求不斷增多，無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡作為一種新興信息獲取技術已經成為當今國內外新興技術前沿的研究熱點。無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡是一個新興學科與傳統(tǒng)學科領域高度交叉的發(fā)展方向，無線節(jié)點一般存儲資源受限且易受外界環(huán)境干擾，現(xiàn)階段國內外無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡領域開發(fā)的相關傳輸協(xié)議棧多為“半開源”，且大多數(shù)協(xié)議棧都被封裝，使其應用受到一定的局限性。論文主要探究在無線傳感器節(jié)點上使用開源Contiki操作系統(tǒng)和FreakZ協(xié)議棧構建無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡，完成無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)采集，并通過無線的方式將信息發(fā)送至監(jiān)控中心。 首先，論文闡述了無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡中的相關基本概念以及相應的基本特征；介紹了適用于短距離無線通信的IEEE802.15.4標準及ZigBee協(xié)議規(guī)范，詳細介紹了無線傳感器節(jié)點設計方案，對比分析了當今國內外主流的適用于無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡的操作系統(tǒng)和網(wǎng)絡協(xié)議棧，結合本文組網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的特點選取了STM32處理器和射頻AT86RF212收發(fā)器分離的無線節(jié)點硬件平臺，軟件平臺選取輕量級嵌入式多任務操作系統(tǒng)Contiki與FreakZ網(wǎng)絡協(xié)議棧，實現(xiàn)無線傳感器節(jié)點的組網(wǎng)。 其次，在硬件方面，對STM32微處理器與射頻芯片AT86RF212電路進行設計，以及對其他外圍電路部分進行設計，包括電源、串口、JTAG接口電路等，微處理器與射頻模塊通過SPI接口進行雙向通信，實現(xiàn)AT86RF212射頻的驅動。 在軟件方面，本文在IAR軟件編譯環(huán)境下采用開源的嵌入式多任務操作系統(tǒng)Contiki以及開源網(wǎng)絡協(xié)議棧FreakZ。在深入分析Contiki操作系統(tǒng)內核的基礎上，解釋了其兩大核心機制；詳細分析FreakZ協(xié)議棧中數(shù)據(jù)傳輸鏈路及傳輸方式。使用模塊化的方式將Contiki和FreakZ移植到硬件平臺上，介紹了移植的詳細步驟，給出了SPI模塊及RF212的驅動程序設計，詳細介紹了協(xié)議棧中各層的數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送與接收處理鏈路以及數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送與接收流程，完成無線傳感器節(jié)點的無線組網(wǎng)，并在建立的網(wǎng)絡內實現(xiàn)無線傳感器節(jié)點的數(shù)據(jù)幀的發(fā)送、接收。 最后，在實驗室環(huán)境下測試，介紹了硬件及軟件調試方法，實驗結果表明，硬件平臺上，在Contiki操作系統(tǒng)下使用FreakZ協(xié)議棧，通過終端上顯示的節(jié)點組網(wǎng)信息及網(wǎng)絡結構表明，使用FreakZ協(xié)議棧成功實現(xiàn)無線傳感器節(jié)點組網(wǎng)。
[Abstract]:With the development of wireless communication, sensor and integrated circuit and other key technologies, the potential application demand is increasing. Wireless sensor network (WSN) as a new information acquisition technology has become the research hotspot of emerging technologies at home and abroad. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) is a highly intersecting development direction between new disciplines and traditional disciplines. Wireless nodes generally have limited storage resources and are vulnerable to external environment interference. At present, most of the transport protocol stacks developed in the field of wireless sensor networks at home and abroad are semi-open source, and most of them are encapsulated, so their applications are limited to a certain extent. This paper mainly explores the use of open source Contiki operating system and FreakZ protocol stack in wireless sensor node to construct wireless sensor network, complete the data acquisition of wireless sensor network monitoring system, and send the information to the monitoring center by wireless way. Firstly, this paper introduces the basic concepts and characteristics of wireless sensor networks, introduces the IEEE802.15.4 standard and ZigBee protocol specification for short range wireless communication, and introduces the design scheme of wireless sensor nodes in detail. The operating system and network protocol stack suitable for wireless sensor network are compared and analyzed. The hardware platform of wireless node which is separated by STM32 processor and radio frequency AT86RF212 transceiver is selected according to the characteristics of the networking system in this paper. The software platform selects the lightweight embedded multitask operating system Contiki and FreakZ network protocol stack to realize the wireless sensor node networking. Secondly, in the aspect of hardware, the design of STM32 microprocessor and RF chip AT86RF212 circuit, as well as the design of other peripheral circuits, including power supply, serial port JTAG interface circuit, etc. The microprocessor and RF module communicate bidirectional through SPI interface to realize AT86RF212 RF drive. In terms of software, this paper adopts open source embedded multitask operating system Contiki and open source network protocol stack Freak Z. On the basis of deeply analyzing the kernel of Contiki operating system, two core mechanisms are explained, and the data transmission link and transmission mode in FreakZ protocol stack are analyzed in detail. The Contiki and FreakZ are transplanted to the hardware platform by modularization. The detailed steps of the transplantation are introduced, and the design of the SPI module and the driver of RF212 are given. This paper introduces in detail the data transmission and receive processing link and the data transmission and receiving flow in each layer of the protocol stack, completes the wireless networking of the wireless sensor node, and realizes the transmission of the data frame of the wireless sensor node in the established network. Receive. Finally, the hardware and software debugging methods are introduced in the laboratory environment. The experimental results show that the FreakZ protocol stack is used in the Contiki operating system on the hardware platform, and the node network information and network structure are displayed on the terminal. The FreakZ protocol stack is used to realize the wireless sensor node networking successfully.
【學位授予單位】：湖北工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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