發(fā)布時間：2018-11-05 10:27

【摘要】：水平井技術(shù)廣泛應(yīng)用于致密氣藏、頁巖氣藏等非常規(guī)氣藏的開發(fā)中，開發(fā)過程中為提高單井產(chǎn)量需采取水力壓裂措施，且需要有效的層段分隔射孔技術(shù)。因此，這類水平井一般采用射孔完井方式。完井過程中通常采用油管傳輸定向射孔技術(shù)，該技術(shù)具有井下工具復(fù)雜、作業(yè)時間長、射孔費用高的缺點，針對這些不足，現(xiàn)場主要采用泵送橋塞射孔技術(shù)。在泵送過程中合理的施工參數(shù)能簡化射孔操作、縮短作業(yè)時間，同時對保護儲層和提高經(jīng)濟效益有重要意義。 本文針對泵送射孔中施工參數(shù)的確定問題，開展水平井泵送射孔技術(shù)研究。本文分析了槍串的受力狀況，，并結(jié)合力學平衡原理，建立了槍串下放重量控制模型；同時建立了槍串在造斜段、水平段的泵送排量計算模型；采用理論解析法，分析施工過程中各個參數(shù)對泵送排量的影響；基于滲流力學理論，采用郎兆新模型，建立泵送射孔井底壓力計算方法，確定泵送射孔壓力施工參數(shù)。研究表明：泵送排量是關(guān)于槍串推進速度的一次函數(shù)；隨著造斜段電纜下放速度、泵入深度、井斜角、槍重的增大，泵注排量逐漸增大；浮力、摩阻系數(shù)、泵送液密度、沖擊力計算方式和槍重是影響水平段泵注排量的主要因素，電纜頭、槍串傾斜和橋塞工具的影響在計算排量大小時可忽略不計。 現(xiàn)場應(yīng)用表明，所建模型滿足現(xiàn)場需要，可為施工提供理論保障，能有效的預(yù)防電纜脫落、崩斷事故；還能縮短施工時間、降低施工費用；同時對降低頁巖氣的開發(fā)成本、提高經(jīng)濟效益有重要意義。本文研究成果對于稠油油藏、非常規(guī)油氣藏等水平井射孔具有普遍指導意義。
[Abstract]:Horizontal well technology is widely used in the development of tight gas reservoirs, shale gas reservoirs and other unconventional gas reservoirs. In order to improve the production of single well, hydraulic fracturing measures are needed during the development process, and effective interval separation perforation technology is needed. Therefore, such horizontal wells are generally perforated and completed. The tubing transmission directional perforation technology is usually used in the completion process, which has the disadvantages of complicated downhole tools, long working time and high perforation cost. In view of these shortcomings, pumping bridge plug perforation technology is mainly used in the field. Reasonable construction parameters in pumping process can simplify perforation operation, shorten operation time, and have important significance for protecting reservoir and improving economic benefit at the same time. In this paper, aiming at the determination of construction parameters in pumping perforation, the research of pumping perforation technology in horizontal well is carried out. In this paper, the force condition of gun string is analyzed, and combined with the principle of mechanical balance, the weight control model of lower gun string is established, and the calculation model of pumping displacement of gun string in the diagonal section and horizontal section is established. Based on the theory of seepage mechanics and Lang Zhaoxin model, the calculation method of bottom pressure of pumping perforating hole is established to determine the construction parameters of pumping perforation pressure. The results show that the pumping displacement is a function of the speed of gun string propulsion, and the pump displacement increases gradually with the increase of the speed of cable down, the depth of pumping, the angle of well and the weight of gun. Buoyancy, friction coefficient, density of pumping fluid, calculation method of impact force and gun weight are the main factors affecting the displacement of horizontal pump. The influence of cable head, gun string tilt and bridge plug tool can be ignored in calculating displacement. The field application shows that the model can meet the needs of the site, can provide theoretical guarantee for construction, can effectively prevent cable breakage and breakage, can also shorten the construction time and reduce the construction cost. At the same time, it is of great significance to reduce the development cost of shale gas and improve economic benefits. The research results in this paper are of general significance for the perforation of horizontal wells such as heavy oil reservoirs and unconventional reservoirs.
【學位授予單位】：重慶科技學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE257.1

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