節(jié)流壓井套壓控制精確計(jì)算方法
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-04 15:41
【摘要】：目前工程實(shí)踐中多采用間接的壓力控制方法——立壓控制法。采用立壓控制法進(jìn)行節(jié)流壓井時(shí),施加的套壓合理與否,取決于對(duì)應(yīng)的立壓到位與否；由于壓力傳遞存在延遲性,立壓的大小需要延后一段時(shí)間才能知道,這就使得套壓不能及時(shí)、準(zhǔn)確的控制到位,增加了壓力控制難度。特別是面對(duì)壓力敏感性儲(chǔ)層等復(fù)雜工況條件,由于安全窗口較窄,附加壓力△P較小,對(duì)套壓控制精度要求很高的情況,采用立壓控制法進(jìn)行節(jié)流壓井存在套壓控制精度低、井控安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大的工程難題,需要對(duì)壓力控制方法進(jìn)行改進(jìn),變間接的壓力控制方法即立壓控制法為直接的壓力控制方法——套壓控制法。 本文根據(jù)氣液兩相流基本理論,結(jié)合節(jié)流壓井工況下井筒環(huán)空氣液兩相流動(dòng)的實(shí)際情況,建立描述環(huán)空壓力變化規(guī)律的數(shù)學(xué)模型,通過(guò)數(shù)值計(jì)算得到滿足井底壓力略大于地層壓力的節(jié)流壓井基本原則所需套壓值,進(jìn)而調(diào)整節(jié)流閥開(kāi)度施加相應(yīng)套壓,實(shí)現(xiàn)直接的壓力控制方法——套壓控制法,達(dá)到減少壓力控制難度、規(guī)避井控安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的研究目的,對(duì)于提高復(fù)雜工況條件下的節(jié)流壓井成功率具有重要的指導(dǎo)意義。 本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容包括： (1)壓力控制方法分析。 (2)節(jié)流壓井氣液兩相流動(dòng)數(shù)學(xué)模型。 (3)數(shù)值計(jì)算方法及工程計(jì)算軟件。 (4)計(jì)算結(jié)果驗(yàn)證以及節(jié)流壓井套壓動(dòng)態(tài)模擬分析。 本文取得的主要研究成果有： (1)工程實(shí)踐和理論分析表明,立壓控制法存在壓力傳遞滯后的特點(diǎn),對(duì)于控制精度要求比較高的壓井作業(yè),需要對(duì)立壓控制法進(jìn)行改進(jìn)。 (2)簡(jiǎn)化套壓控制法與立壓控制法相比,不存在壓力傳遞延遲時(shí)間的問(wèn)題,但是計(jì)算模型過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)化,精度不夠,目前只能作為壓井作業(yè)的參考。 (3)基于井筒環(huán)空氣液兩相流原理,建立了用于描述節(jié)流壓井條件下環(huán)空壓力分布的數(shù)學(xué)模型,結(jié)合節(jié)流壓井實(shí)際情況,構(gòu)建了一套便于工程應(yīng)用的數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算方法。 (4)研發(fā)了一套節(jié)流壓井精確套壓控制工程計(jì)算軟件,可以在常規(guī)計(jì)算機(jī)上運(yùn)行,避免了對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)工作站的嚴(yán)重依賴,為在生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)條件下進(jìn)行精確套壓控制計(jì)算提供了最重要的手段。 (5)通過(guò)與實(shí)驗(yàn)井實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)的對(duì)比驗(yàn)證,節(jié)流壓井精確套壓控制工程計(jì)算軟件的模擬結(jié)果,不但符合壓井作業(yè)情況,誤差也遠(yuǎn)小于簡(jiǎn)化套壓控制的模擬結(jié)果,充分說(shuō)明了研發(fā)的工程計(jì)算軟件可以為實(shí)施節(jié)流壓井精確套壓控制提供技術(shù)支持。 (6)借助節(jié)流壓井精確套壓控制工程計(jì)算軟件,對(duì)節(jié)流壓井過(guò)程中套壓變化的影響因素進(jìn)行了動(dòng)態(tài)模擬計(jì)算分析,得到了有益的結(jié)果,對(duì)工程實(shí)踐具有重要指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:At present, the indirect pressure control method-vertical pressure control method is widely used in engineering practice. When the vertical pressure control method is used in the throttling well killing, the reasonable or not of the applied casing pressure depends on whether the corresponding vertical pressure is in place or not. Because of the delay of pressure transfer, the magnitude of vertical pressure needs to be delayed for a period of time, which makes the casing pressure can not be timely, accurate control in place, increasing the pressure control difficulty. Especially in the face of complicated working conditions such as pressure-sensitive reservoir, due to the narrow safety window, the small additional pressure P and the high precision requirement for casing pressure control, there is a low precision of casing pressure control by using vertical pressure control method in throttling wells. It is necessary to improve the pressure control method because of the engineering difficult problem of high safety risk in well control. The indirect pressure control method, i.e. the vertical pressure control method, is changed into the direct pressure control method, the casing pressure control method. According to the basic theory of gas-liquid two-phase flow and combined with the actual situation of air-liquid two-phase flow in wellbore annulus under the condition of throttling well killing, a mathematical model describing the variation of annular pressure is established in this paper. Through numerical calculation, the casing pressure required to satisfy the basic principle of throttling pressure which is slightly larger than formation pressure is obtained, and then the throttle valve opening is adjusted to apply the corresponding casing pressure, and the direct pressure control method-casing pressure control method is realized. To reduce the difficulty of pressure control and avoid the safety risk of well control, it is of great significance to improve the success rate of throttling well killing under complex working conditions. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) Analysis of pressure control method. (2) A mathematical model of gas-liquid two-phase flow in throttling well. (3) numerical calculation method and engineering calculation software. (4) validation of calculation results and simulation analysis of casing pressure in throttling well. The main research results obtained in this paper are as follows: (1) the engineering practice and theoretical analysis show that the vertical pressure control method has the characteristics of pressure transfer lag, and it requires high control precision in the well killing operation. The opposite-pressure control method needs to be improved. (2) compared with the vertical pressure control method, the simplified casing pressure control method does not have the problem of pressure transfer delay time, but the calculation model is too simplified and the precision is not enough, so it can only be used as the reference of the well killing operation. (3) based on the principle of annulus air-liquid two-phase flow in wellbore, a mathematical model is established to describe the distribution of annular pressure under the condition of throttling well killing, and a set of mathematical calculation method which is easy to be applied in engineering is constructed according to the actual condition of throttling well killing. (4) A set of engineering calculation software for precise casing pressure control of throttling well is developed, which can be run on a conventional computer and avoids the heavy dependence on computer workstation. It provides the most important means for accurate calculation of casing pressure control under the condition of production site. (5) by comparing with the measured data of experimental wells, the simulation results of precise casing pressure control engineering software for throttling wells are not only consistent with the conditions of well killing operation, but also far less than the simulation results of simplified casing pressure control. It is fully explained that the developed engineering calculation software can provide technical support for the implementation of precise casing pressure control in throttling well. (6) with the help of the precise casing pressure control engineering calculation software of throttling well, the influence factors of casing pressure change during throttling well killing are calculated and analyzed dynamically, and the beneficial results are obtained, which is of great significance to engineering practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE28
本文編號(hào)：2310297
[Abstract]:At present, the indirect pressure control method-vertical pressure control method is widely used in engineering practice. When the vertical pressure control method is used in the throttling well killing, the reasonable or not of the applied casing pressure depends on whether the corresponding vertical pressure is in place or not. Because of the delay of pressure transfer, the magnitude of vertical pressure needs to be delayed for a period of time, which makes the casing pressure can not be timely, accurate control in place, increasing the pressure control difficulty. Especially in the face of complicated working conditions such as pressure-sensitive reservoir, due to the narrow safety window, the small additional pressure P and the high precision requirement for casing pressure control, there is a low precision of casing pressure control by using vertical pressure control method in throttling wells. It is necessary to improve the pressure control method because of the engineering difficult problem of high safety risk in well control. The indirect pressure control method, i.e. the vertical pressure control method, is changed into the direct pressure control method, the casing pressure control method. According to the basic theory of gas-liquid two-phase flow and combined with the actual situation of air-liquid two-phase flow in wellbore annulus under the condition of throttling well killing, a mathematical model describing the variation of annular pressure is established in this paper. Through numerical calculation, the casing pressure required to satisfy the basic principle of throttling pressure which is slightly larger than formation pressure is obtained, and then the throttle valve opening is adjusted to apply the corresponding casing pressure, and the direct pressure control method-casing pressure control method is realized. To reduce the difficulty of pressure control and avoid the safety risk of well control, it is of great significance to improve the success rate of throttling well killing under complex working conditions. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) Analysis of pressure control method. (2) A mathematical model of gas-liquid two-phase flow in throttling well. (3) numerical calculation method and engineering calculation software. (4) validation of calculation results and simulation analysis of casing pressure in throttling well. The main research results obtained in this paper are as follows: (1) the engineering practice and theoretical analysis show that the vertical pressure control method has the characteristics of pressure transfer lag, and it requires high control precision in the well killing operation. The opposite-pressure control method needs to be improved. (2) compared with the vertical pressure control method, the simplified casing pressure control method does not have the problem of pressure transfer delay time, but the calculation model is too simplified and the precision is not enough, so it can only be used as the reference of the well killing operation. (3) based on the principle of annulus air-liquid two-phase flow in wellbore, a mathematical model is established to describe the distribution of annular pressure under the condition of throttling well killing, and a set of mathematical calculation method which is easy to be applied in engineering is constructed according to the actual condition of throttling well killing. (4) A set of engineering calculation software for precise casing pressure control of throttling well is developed, which can be run on a conventional computer and avoids the heavy dependence on computer workstation. It provides the most important means for accurate calculation of casing pressure control under the condition of production site. (5) by comparing with the measured data of experimental wells, the simulation results of precise casing pressure control engineering software for throttling wells are not only consistent with the conditions of well killing operation, but also far less than the simulation results of simplified casing pressure control. It is fully explained that the developed engineering calculation software can provide technical support for the implementation of precise casing pressure control in throttling well. (6) with the help of the precise casing pressure control engineering calculation software of throttling well, the influence factors of casing pressure change during throttling well killing are calculated and analyzed dynamically, and the beneficial results are obtained, which is of great significance to engineering practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE28
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