發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-25 19:25

【摘要】：本文介紹和分析了常規(guī)游梁式抽油機(jī)和其改進(jìn)型在油田的實(shí)際使用中存在著平衡效果差,能耗高、抽油效率低下等問題,闡述了長沖程抽油機(jī)有著沖程更長,傳動(dòng)效率更高,易于調(diào)節(jié)平衡,設(shè)備重量輕,電機(jī)能耗低等諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn),并介紹了國內(nèi)外長沖程抽油機(jī)的分類和幾種在用產(chǎn)品,又概括了它的發(fā)展趨勢。本課題的研究主要包括:根據(jù)實(shí)際工作條件和需求來確定抽油機(jī)的性能參數(shù),并提出超長沖程抽油機(jī)的運(yùn)動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)方案;通過對(duì)抽油機(jī)的懸點(diǎn)在上、下沖程過程的運(yùn)動(dòng)分析,確定抽油機(jī)懸點(diǎn)位移、懸點(diǎn)速度、懸點(diǎn)加速度和數(shù)學(xué)表達(dá)式;通過對(duì)懸點(diǎn)載荷的分析,確定懸點(diǎn)靜態(tài)和動(dòng)態(tài)載荷的變化,根據(jù)懸點(diǎn)靜態(tài)和動(dòng)態(tài)載荷的變化結(jié)果,繪制出抽油機(jī)示功圖;根據(jù)抽油機(jī)負(fù)載的大小,確定抽油機(jī)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)力參數(shù)。采用變頻調(diào)速器作為抽油機(jī)的換向裝置控制電機(jī)正反轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng),實(shí)現(xiàn)抽油機(jī)的上、下沖程,并使用重力勢能平衡的方法達(dá)到抽油機(jī)的整體平衡效果,使電機(jī)的上下沖程功率平衡;根據(jù)抽油機(jī)上沖程所需要的最大功率和配重計(jì)算得到所需電機(jī)功率,確定電機(jī)和變頻調(diào)速器的型號(hào),然后確定V帶的速度、根數(shù)和型號(hào),計(jì)算出大小皮帶輪的寬度。傳動(dòng)裝置的設(shè)計(jì)采用雙柱齒輪減速器,傳動(dòng)過程為純機(jī)械傳動(dòng),并校核主要裝置的強(qiáng)度,然后根據(jù)上述計(jì)算對(duì)減速器軸、滾筒軸和配重滾筒軸進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),并對(duì)軸上鍵和減速器輸出軸進(jìn)行校核。最后確定了抽油機(jī)綜合評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)集,利用層次分析法得到了不同評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)的加權(quán)系數(shù),應(yīng)用模糊評(píng)價(jià)方法對(duì)抽油機(jī)進(jìn)行了綜合評(píng)價(jià)。
[Abstract]:This paper introduces and analyzes the problems of poor balance effect, high energy consumption and low pumping efficiency in the practical application of conventional beam pumping units and their improved ones in oil fields, and expounds that long stroke pumping units have longer stroke and higher transmission efficiency. It is easy to adjust the balance, the equipment weight is light, the motor energy consumption is low and so on many advantages, and introduces the domestic and foreign long stroke pumping unit classification and several kinds of in service products, also summarizes its development trend. The research of this subject mainly includes: according to the actual working conditions and requirements to determine the performance parameters of the pumping unit, and put forward the ultra-long stroke pumping unit motion design; The displacement, velocity, acceleration and mathematical expressions of suspension point of pumping unit are determined by analyzing the movement of the suspension point in the upper and lower stroke process of the pumping unit. Through the analysis of suspension load, the change of static and dynamic load of suspension point is determined. According to the change result of static load and dynamic load of suspension point, the indicator power diagram of pumping unit is drawn. According to the load of the pumping unit, the dynamic parameters of the drive system of the pumping unit are determined. The variable frequency governor is used as the reversing device of the pumping unit to control the forward and backward movement of the motor, to realize the upper and lower stroke of the pumping unit, and to achieve the overall balance effect of the pumping unit by using the method of gravity potential energy balance, and to balance the power of the motor up and down. According to the maximum power and counterweight of the stroke on the pumping unit, the required motor power is obtained, and the type of motor and variable frequency governor is determined, then the speed, root number and type of V-belt are determined, and the width of the large and small pulley is calculated. The transmission device is designed with double column gear reducer, the transmission process is pure mechanical transmission, and the strength of the main device is checked. According to the above calculation, the reducer shaft, the roller shaft and the counterweight roller shaft are designed. The key on the shaft and the output shaft of the reducer are checked. Finally, the comprehensive evaluation index set of pumping unit is determined, the weighted coefficients of different evaluation indexes are obtained by AHP, and the comprehensive evaluation of pumping unit is carried out by using fuzzy evaluation method.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TE933.1
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本文編號(hào)：2294604