發(fā)布時間：2018-05-15 06:26

  本文選題：含氫硅油 + 聚醚　； 參考：《東北石油大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：三元復(fù)合驅(qū)采油技術(shù)作為一項(xiàng)重要的三次采油技術(shù),在大慶油田得到廣泛的推廣和應(yīng)用,驅(qū)油效果有目共睹。社會進(jìn)步經(jīng)濟(jì)不斷發(fā)展對石油的需求量也隨之增多,大慶油田石油的開采進(jìn)入后期發(fā)展階段。采出液的含水率也隨之增大,化學(xué)驅(qū)在提高采收率的同時采出液油水乳化嚴(yán)重,針對于三元復(fù)合驅(qū)采出液,液滴粒徑較小,油水分離速率慢;聚合物的存在使采出液的粘度增高;油水界面張力較低,電負(fù)性強(qiáng),油水界面膜強(qiáng)度高;采出液的機(jī)械雜質(zhì)含量高,靜置分層油水界面會出現(xiàn)中間層;過濾后采出液水的礦化度高,油水乳化程度高,產(chǎn)生油水分離難問題。三元復(fù)合驅(qū)原油開采過程中多種化學(xué)藥劑的添加使采出液的成分有所改變,在一定程度上導(dǎo)致了原油集輸管道的結(jié)垢現(xiàn)象的產(chǎn)生,管道結(jié)垢增加了液體流動的阻力造成能源流失,降低管道的利用率,所以油田急需研發(fā)一種兼并破乳和防垢功能的藥劑,實(shí)現(xiàn)一劑多效給油田帶來經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會效益。本文主要研究內(nèi)容及結(jié)論如下:1.以低含氫硅油為主鏈,以烯丙基聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯甲基醚、烯丙基聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醋酸酯、烯丙基聚氧乙烯環(huán)氧基醚為支鏈,異丙醇為溶劑,氯鉑酸為催化劑制備梳型聚硅氧烷原油破乳劑。通過單因素實(shí)驗(yàn)和正交試驗(yàn)探究反應(yīng)溫度、反應(yīng)時間、物料比、溶劑用量、催化劑用量對反應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)化率的影響確定最佳的合成工藝條件為硅氫鍵與碳碳雙鍵的摩爾比為1:1.2,反應(yīng)溫度為100℃,催化劑用量為20μg/g,反應(yīng)時間為5h,溶劑用量為45%,在此條件下轉(zhuǎn)化率化率可達(dá)90.25%。通過紅外光譜儀和核磁共振儀對產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)表征,經(jīng)圖譜分析與預(yù)期目標(biāo)產(chǎn)物一致,得到預(yù)期產(chǎn)物。2.環(huán)氧琥珀酸通過離子聚合反應(yīng)制備聚環(huán)氧琥珀酸,通過單因素實(shí)驗(yàn)和正交試驗(yàn)探究聚合溫度、聚合時間、體系堿度、引發(fā)劑用量對防垢率的影響確定最佳的合成工藝條件為聚合反應(yīng)溫度為100℃,聚合反應(yīng)時間為3h,引發(fā)劑用量16%,堿用量為2%,在此條件下聚環(huán)氧琥珀酸的防垢率可達(dá)89.6%。通過紅外光譜儀和核磁共振儀對產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)表征,經(jīng)圖譜分析與預(yù)期目標(biāo)產(chǎn)物一致,得到預(yù)期產(chǎn)物。聚環(huán)氧琥珀酸具有良好的防垢性能,為合成雙功能聚硅氧烷原油破乳劑做準(zhǔn)備。3.以梳型聚硅氧烷原油破乳劑和聚環(huán)氧琥珀酸為原料制備雙功能聚硅氧烷原油破乳劑。以梳型聚硅氧烷原油破乳劑支鏈的環(huán)氧基通過開環(huán)加成反應(yīng)接枝聚環(huán)氧琥珀酸,使原本具有破乳功能的破乳劑同時具有防垢功能,實(shí)現(xiàn)一劑多效。通過單因素實(shí)驗(yàn)和正交試驗(yàn)探究反應(yīng)溫度、反應(yīng)時間、物料比、催化劑用量對反應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)化率的影響確定最佳的合成工藝條件為環(huán)氧基與PESA摩爾比為1:1.2,反應(yīng)溫度為60℃,催化劑用量為20mg/g,反應(yīng)時間為4h,在此條件下轉(zhuǎn)化率達(dá)可達(dá)最大值90.08%。通過紅外光譜儀和核磁共振儀對產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)表征,經(jīng)圖譜分析與預(yù)期目標(biāo)產(chǎn)物一致,得到預(yù)期產(chǎn)物。4.通過瓶試法對合成產(chǎn)物梳型聚硅氧烷原油破乳劑進(jìn)行性能評價,研究不同的支鏈摩爾配比對破乳性能的影響,確定最佳支鏈的摩爾比為4:3:2。對雙功能聚硅氧烷原油破乳劑進(jìn)行破乳和防垢性能進(jìn)行評價,確定最佳的摩爾比為4:3:3。通過表面張力儀對兩個產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行表面張力測定,梳型聚硅氧烷原油破乳劑當(dāng)其濃度為0.6g/L表面張力到達(dá)最小值21.69 mN/m達(dá)到臨界膠束濃度;雙功能聚硅氧烷原油破乳劑其濃度為0.7g/L表面張力到達(dá)最小值22.43 mN/m達(dá)到了臨界膠束濃度。在不同破乳劑用量、不同破乳時間、不同破乳溫度的情況下對SP-169、GT-D01、P-1501、梳型聚硅氧烷原油破乳劑、雙功能聚硅氧烷原油破乳劑進(jìn)行性能評價,得出破乳劑SP-169在脫水率和油水界面狀況方面表現(xiàn)良好,水相中含油量相對較多。破乳劑GT-D01在水相中含油量較低,脫水率較高,油水界面狀況差。破乳劑P-1501在脫水率、水相中含油量和油水界面與其它相比沒有優(yōu)勢。兩種產(chǎn)物相比于其它破乳劑表現(xiàn)出優(yōu)異的破乳性能。
[Abstract]:As an important three oil recovery technology, the three element compound flooding technology has been widely popularized and applied in Daqing oilfield. The effect of oil displacement is obvious to all. The demand for oil is increasing with the continuous development of social progress economy, and the exploitation of oil in Daqing oil field enters the stage of development. The water cut of the extracted liquid is also increased. In order to improve the recovery rate, the oil and water emulsification is serious at the same time of improving the recovery rate. It is aimed at the three element compound flooding recovery liquid, the droplet size is small, the oil and water separation rate is slow, the existence of the polymer makes the viscosity of the extraction liquid increase, the oil water interface tension is low, the electronegativity is strong, the oil water boundary mask is high, the mechanical impurity content of the extracted liquid is high and the oil and water is statically layering. The interlayer will appear in the middle layer; after the filtration, the salinity of the extracted liquid water is high and the oil and water emulsification is high, and the problem of oil and water separation is difficult. In the process of the three element composite flooding, the addition of chemical agents makes the composition of the extracted liquid change, to a certain extent, the scaling phenomenon of the crude oil gathering pipeline is caused, and the scale of the pipeline is increased. The resistance of liquid flow causes the loss of energy and the utilization of pipeline, so the oilfield needs to develop an agent for demulsification and anti scaling function, which can bring economic and social benefits to the oil field. The main contents and conclusions are as follows: 1. the main chain is low hydrogen containing silicon oil, and allyl polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene a Base ether, allyl polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene acetate, allyl polyoxyethylene epoxy ether as branch chain, isopropanol as solvent and chloropuric acid as catalyst to prepare combed polysiloxane crude oil demulsifier. Through single factor experiment and orthogonal test, the reaction temperature, reaction time, material ratio, solvent amount and catalyst dosage on reaction conversion rate were investigated. The optimum synthetic process is that the molar ratio of the hydrogen bond and carbon carbon double bond is 1:1.2, the reaction temperature is 100, the amount of catalyst is 20 g/g, the reaction time is 5h, and the amount of solvent is 45%. Under this condition, the conversion rate can reach 90.25%. through the infrared spectrometer and the nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus. In accordance with the expected target product, the expected product.2. epoxy succinic acid was prepared by ionic polymerization to prepare polyepoxide succinic acid. Through single factor experiment and orthogonal test, the polymerization temperature, polymerization time, system alkalinity, and the effect of initiator dosage on the scale prevention rate were determined to determine the optimum synthesis process for polymerization temperature of 100 C. The polymerization time was 3h, the dosage of initiator was 16%, the amount of alkali was 2%. In this condition, the anti scaling rate of polyepoxide was 89.6%. through the infrared spectrometer and nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus. The desired product was obtained by the atlas analysis and the expected target products. Polyepoxide acid has good scale resistance and is synthesized. Double functional polysiloxane crude oil demulsifier is prepared with.3. with combed polysiloxane crude oil demulsifier and polyepoxide succinic acid as raw material to prepare double functional polysiloxane crude oil demulsifier. The epoxy group of combed polysiloxane crude oil demulsifier branch chain is graft copolymerization of polyepoxide succinic acid to make demulsifier with demulsification function. By single factor experiment and orthogonal test, the optimum synthesis conditions of reaction temperature, reaction time, material ratio, and catalyst dosage on reaction conversion rate are determined as 1:1.2, reaction temperature is 60, catalyst dosage is 20mg/g, reaction time is 4h, Under this condition, the conversion rate can reach the maximum value of 90.08%., the structure of the product is characterized by IR and NMR. The desired product.4. is evaluated by the bottle test, and the performance of the synthetic product comb type polysiloxane crude oil demulsifier is evaluated by the spectrum analysis, and the different molar molar ratio is studied. The effect of demulsification and determining the mole ratio of the best branched chain is 4:3:2. to evaluate the demulsification and anti fouling performance of the double functional polysiloxane crude oil demulsifier. The optimum molar ratio is to determine the surface tension of the two products by the surface tension instrument of 4:3:3.. The comb type polysiloxane crude oil demulsifier is when the concentration is 0.6g/L surface tension. The force reached the minimum value of 21.69 mN/m to reach the critical micelle concentration, and the concentration of the double functional polysiloxane crude oil demulsifier was that the 0.7g/L surface tension reached the minimum value of 22.43 mN/m to reach the critical micelle concentration. In the case of different demulsifier dosage, different demulsification time and different demulsification temperature, SP-169, GT-D01, P-1501, comb type polysiloxane crude oil broke. The performance evaluation of emulsion, double functional polysiloxane crude oil demulsifier, it is concluded that the demulsifier SP-169 has good performance in dehydration rate and oil and water interface condition, the oil content in the water phase is relatively high. The demulsifier GT-D01 has low oil content in the water phase, the dehydration rate is high, the oil and water interface is poor. The demulsifier P-1501 is in the dehydration rate, the oil content and oil in the water phase. The water interface has no advantage over other products. The two products show excellent demulsification performance compared with other demulsifier.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE39
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本文編號：1891346