發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-28 15:54

【摘要】：起重機(jī)金屬結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的目的使設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)具備一定的可靠性,即在經(jīng)濟(jì)合理的前提下,在預(yù)定的使用期限內(nèi)使其滿足各種預(yù)期的功能。歷來橋式起重機(jī)在我國(guó)重型機(jī)械中的地位和作用為人們所重視,隨著起重機(jī)械的發(fā)展,其金屬結(jié)構(gòu)的重量通常占整機(jī)的60%～70%,對(duì)于裝卸橋這類大型港口機(jī)械,金屬結(jié)構(gòu)的比重甚至上升到80%～90%。相關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果表明,許多起重機(jī)事故是由于金屬結(jié)構(gòu)失效引起的。當(dāng)前現(xiàn)役的接近或超過二十年的橋式起重機(jī)存在安全生產(chǎn)的隱患,同時(shí)受當(dāng)時(shí)各種條件限制,老齡機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)方案、生產(chǎn)工藝等也不一定適合當(dāng)前生產(chǎn)的要求,因而對(duì)橋式起重機(jī)金屬結(jié)構(gòu)驗(yàn)證及安全性的評(píng)價(jià)方法進(jìn)行研究具有重要的理論意義和工程應(yīng)用價(jià)值。 受鋼材的銹蝕、環(huán)境氣候的變化、載荷的變化等因素的影響,起重機(jī)在使用過程中其結(jié)構(gòu)性能將隨時(shí)間而逐漸的退化,引起金屬結(jié)構(gòu)部分構(gòu)件的斷裂或損壞,從而將會(huì)引起起重機(jī)整體結(jié)構(gòu)的失效,因此對(duì)現(xiàn)役的起重機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)驗(yàn)證及安全性的評(píng)價(jià)引起了工程技術(shù)人員的廣泛關(guān)注。 橋式起重機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)驗(yàn)證及安全性評(píng)價(jià)是我國(guó)起重機(jī)工程界亟待研究的問題。本文針對(duì)這一問題,運(yùn)用許用應(yīng)力法,對(duì)現(xiàn)役橋式起重機(jī)金屬結(jié)構(gòu)從設(shè)計(jì)角度——強(qiáng)度、剛度及穩(wěn)定性方面進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證分析,在此基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合其他外觀因素提出了一種基于貝葉斯網(wǎng)絡(luò)的理論對(duì)現(xiàn)役橋式起重機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行現(xiàn)狀評(píng)價(jià)。 本文將上述驗(yàn)證過程,依據(jù)Visual C++為開發(fā)平臺(tái),結(jié)合Access強(qiáng)大的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)存儲(chǔ)能力,開發(fā)出“基于許用應(yīng)力法的通用橋式起重機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)驗(yàn)證系統(tǒng)”。從影響橋式起重機(jī)金屬結(jié)構(gòu)安全因素入手,分析目前橋式起重機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生事故原因和存在不安全的潛在因素,綜合考慮強(qiáng)度、剛度、穩(wěn)定性及其他外部因素對(duì)橋式起重機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)安全的影響,對(duì)各因素進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的分析,根據(jù)其內(nèi)部的因果關(guān)系,建立一種比較實(shí)用的橋式起重機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)安全評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系。在對(duì)其結(jié)構(gòu)安全進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)時(shí)引入貝葉斯網(wǎng)絡(luò),確定網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)及其值域,進(jìn)而建立貝葉斯網(wǎng)的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu),確定了節(jié)點(diǎn)的條件概率分布,最終構(gòu)建了橋式起重機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)安全貝葉斯網(wǎng)評(píng)價(jià)模型。使用貝葉斯網(wǎng)分析軟件包GeNIe軟件進(jìn)行仿真,結(jié)果表明,使用貝葉斯網(wǎng)對(duì)橋式起重機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)安全評(píng)價(jià)是可行的。
[Abstract]:The purpose of crane metal structure design is to make the design structure have certain reliability, that is, under the premise of economy and reasonable, make it meet all kinds of expected functions within the scheduled service period. The status and function of bridge crane in heavy machinery of our country has always been paid attention to. With the development of lifting machinery, the weight of its metal structure usually accounts for 6070 parts of the whole machine. For the large port machinery such as loading and unloading bridge, The proportion of the metal structure even rises to 80 and 90. The results show that many crane accidents are caused by metal structure failure. At present, bridge cranes in active service which are close to or more than 20 years have hidden dangers in production safety, and at the same time, due to various conditions at that time, the design scheme of aging machinery and the production process are not necessarily suitable for the requirements of current production. Therefore, it has important theoretical significance and engineering application value to study the metal structure verification and safety evaluation method of bridge crane. Affected by the corrosion of steel, the change of environmental climate, the change of load and so on, the structural performance of crane will degrade gradually with time, which will lead to the fracture or damage of part of metal structure. This will lead to the failure of the whole structure of the crane, so the structural verification and safety evaluation of the existing cranes have attracted wide attention of engineers and technicians. The design verification and safety evaluation of bridge crane structure are urgent problems to be studied in crane engineering field of our country. In this paper, the allowable stress method is used to verify and analyze the design of metal structure of bridge crane in terms of strength, stiffness and stability. On the basis of this, a Bayesian network theory is proposed to evaluate the current situation of bridge crane structure. In this paper, according to the development platform of Visual C and the powerful database storage ability of Access, a general bridge crane structure verification system based on allowable stress method is developed in this paper. Starting with the factors affecting the safety of the metal structure of the bridge crane, this paper analyzes the causes of accidents and the potential factors of insecurity in the structure of the bridge crane at present, and considers the strength and stiffness comprehensively. The influence of stability and other external factors on the structural safety of overhead crane is analyzed in detail. According to the causality within the crane, a practical evaluation index system for structural safety of bridge crane is established. The Bayesian network is introduced to evaluate the security of the network, and the network node and its range are determined. The topological structure of the Bayesian network is established, and the conditional probability distribution of the node is determined. Finally, the Bayesian network evaluation model of bridge crane structure safety is constructed. The simulation results of GeNIe software show that it is feasible to use Bayesian network to evaluate the structure safety of bridge crane.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：TH215

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