【摘要】：對于旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械,尤其是轉(zhuǎn)速遠(yuǎn)高于一階臨界轉(zhuǎn)速的高速轉(zhuǎn)子,軸承—轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)的臨界轉(zhuǎn)速等固有的性質(zhì),會影響旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械的平穩(wěn)性。影響平穩(wěn)性的最普遍的問題是振動問題,轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)大幅振動,不但影響高速永磁起動發(fā)電機(jī)的性能,還可能出現(xiàn)各種事故,導(dǎo)致高速永磁起動發(fā)電機(jī)不能正常工作。 本文中所要研究的高速永磁起動式發(fā)電機(jī),其轉(zhuǎn)速要求達(dá)到每分鐘十萬轉(zhuǎn)左右,工作轉(zhuǎn)速遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于一階的臨界轉(zhuǎn)速,將其作為剛性軸進(jìn)行研究已經(jīng)不能達(dá)到預(yù)期的效果,因此要將轉(zhuǎn)子作為撓性軸進(jìn)行動態(tài)特性分析。 本文以轉(zhuǎn)子動力學(xué)作為基礎(chǔ)的理論,建立了傳遞矩陣法計(jì)算臨界轉(zhuǎn)速的模型;同時(shí)使用該改進(jìn)的Riccati傳遞矩陣法,解決了漏根、錯(cuò)根的問題;借助于Pro/E、MATLAB、ANSYS等軟件進(jìn)行了模型參數(shù)的計(jì)算,編制了計(jì)算臨界轉(zhuǎn)速和模態(tài)振型的程序;通過對文獻(xiàn)算例的驗(yàn)證,證明了程序的正確性;在MATLAB的基礎(chǔ)上,對動力學(xué)軟件的設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行了初步的嘗試;設(shè)計(jì)了簡單的可視化界面。 在影響臨界轉(zhuǎn)速的因素中,對軸承支座的剛度和軸承的剛度兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了分析,其中軸承的剛度又從軸承預(yù)緊力、接觸角、轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)速三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了分析。對高速永磁起動發(fā)電機(jī)使用動剛度進(jìn)行了臨界轉(zhuǎn)速、模態(tài)振型的計(jì)算。 在理論分析的基礎(chǔ)上,對軸承支座進(jìn)行了力錘的瞬態(tài)激振實(shí)驗(yàn),從中分析出軸承支座的固有頻率、軸承支座剛度等模態(tài)參數(shù);對軸承正常工作時(shí)進(jìn)行了動態(tài)信號的采集,分析了高速永磁起動發(fā)電機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)過程中產(chǎn)生振動的原因,從實(shí)時(shí)頻譜中找出了高速永磁起動發(fā)電機(jī)的臨界轉(zhuǎn)速;從實(shí)驗(yàn)得出了臨界轉(zhuǎn)速隨軸承預(yù)緊力的變化規(guī)律;根據(jù)變化規(guī)律提出了調(diào)整臨界轉(zhuǎn)速的措施。 最后在以上分析的基礎(chǔ)上,對剛性聯(lián)軸器—轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)、撓性聯(lián)軸器—轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)的臨界轉(zhuǎn)速進(jìn)行了分析比較。
[Abstract]:For rotating machinery, especially for high speed rotors whose rotational speed is much higher than the first order critical speed, the critical speed of the bearing-rotor system will affect the smoothness of the rotating machinery. The most common problem affecting the stability is vibration. The large vibration of rotor system not only affects the performance of high speed permanent magnet starter generator, but also may occur various accidents, resulting in the high speed permanent magnet starting generator can not work normally. In this paper, the speed of the high speed permanent magnet starter generator is required to reach about 100, 000 revolutions per minute, and the working speed is much higher than the first order critical speed. Therefore, the rotor should be used as a flexible shaft to analyze the dynamic characteristics. Based on the theory of rotor dynamics, the transfer matrix method is used to calculate the critical rotational speed, and the improved Riccati transfer matrix method is used to solve the problem of leakage root and wrong root. With the help of Prop / EMA MATLAB ANSYS and other software, the calculation of the model parameters is carried out, and the program for calculating the critical rotational speed and modal mode is compiled, and the correctness of the program is proved through the verification of an example in the literature. The design of dynamic software is tried and a simple visual interface is designed. Among the factors affecting the critical rotational speed, the stiffness of bearing support and bearing are analyzed, and the stiffness of bearing is analyzed from three aspects: bearing preload, contact angle and rotor speed. The critical rotational speed and modal mode of the high speed permanent magnet starter generator are calculated. On the basis of theoretical analysis, the transient vibration test of the bearing support is carried out, from which the modal parameters such as the natural frequency and the stiffness of the bearing support are analyzed, and the dynamic signals are collected when the bearing is working normally. In this paper, the cause of vibration of high speed permanent magnet starter generator is analyzed, the critical speed of high speed permanent magnet starter generator is found out from the real time spectrum, and the variation rule of critical speed with bearing preload force is obtained from the experiment. According to the law of change, the measures to adjust the critical speed are put forward. Finally, the critical speeds of rigid coupling rotor system and flexible coupling rotor system are analyzed and compared on the basis of the above analysis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：TH113.1

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