發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-15 08:22

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：黑潮延伸體海區(qū)海洋鋒與北太平洋風(fēng)暴軸的關(guān)系及其氣候效應(yīng)　出處：《中國(guó)氣象科學(xué)研究院》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 黑潮延伸體海區(qū) 海表溫度鋒 北太平洋風(fēng)暴軸 氣溫

【摘要】：黑潮延伸體海區(qū)存在著明顯的海表溫度鋒,已有研究證明海洋鋒對(duì)大氣邊界層乃至對(duì)流層高層都有一定影響。在此基礎(chǔ)上,本文首先利用英國(guó)Hadley中心海溫資料分析了黑潮延伸體海區(qū)海溫經(jīng)向梯度的分布特征和季節(jié)變化,同時(shí)將黑潮延伸體海區(qū)海溫經(jīng)向梯度大值區(qū)域的平均值定義為黑潮延伸體海區(qū)海洋鋒強(qiáng)度指數(shù)(KEFI),并研究了KEFI的年際和年代際變化。北太平洋中緯度對(duì)流層中高層主要表現(xiàn)為瞬變擾動(dòng),與黑潮延伸體海區(qū)海洋鋒變化存在著一定的耦合關(guān)系。通過(guò)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)冬季北太平洋瞬時(shí)擾動(dòng)與KEFI存在顯著正相關(guān),顯著區(qū)域位于北太平洋風(fēng)暴軸主體位置,即當(dāng)冬季黑潮延伸體海區(qū)海洋鋒強(qiáng)度增強(qiáng)時(shí),北太平洋風(fēng)暴軸也偏強(qiáng),并且這種相關(guān)性在KEFI超前風(fēng)暴軸一個(gè)月時(shí)就有所顯現(xiàn)。之后分析了這種影響的可能機(jī)制,發(fā)現(xiàn)在冬季KEFI高值年,由于海洋鋒兩側(cè)的熱量輸送差異更加明顯,導(dǎo)致海洋鋒附近的近表面氣溫經(jīng)向梯度增強(qiáng),維持了近表面的斜壓性,促進(jìn)渦動(dòng)熱量向極輸送和海洋鋒南側(cè)的渦動(dòng)熱量向上輸送,有利于瞬時(shí)渦旋的發(fā)展。同時(shí)海洋鋒變化與大尺度背景環(huán)流場(chǎng)也有一定關(guān)系,具體表現(xiàn)為在冬季海洋鋒偏強(qiáng)時(shí),阿留申低壓加深,副熱帶高壓略有加強(qiáng),對(duì)應(yīng)的對(duì)流層中層位勢(shì)高度場(chǎng)在40oN以北有負(fù)變高,以南有正變高,同時(shí)高空極鋒急流加強(qiáng),副熱帶西風(fēng)急流減弱加寬北抬,海洋鋒偏弱年的變化相反。黑潮延伸體海區(qū)海洋鋒強(qiáng)度的變化對(duì)北美氣溫變化存在一定影響。當(dāng)秋季海洋鋒增強(qiáng)(減弱)時(shí),北美西部氣溫升高(降低),東部氣溫降低(升高);當(dāng)冬季海洋鋒增強(qiáng)(減弱)時(shí),北美大部分地區(qū)氣溫升高(降低),南部低緯度小范圍地區(qū)氣溫降低(升高)。通過(guò)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),這種影響主要是通過(guò)大氣環(huán)流對(duì)海洋鋒變化的響應(yīng)所產(chǎn)生。另外,海洋鋒強(qiáng)度在冬春季節(jié)對(duì)東亞氣溫也有影響,并且這種影響可以持續(xù)到下一個(gè)季節(jié)。當(dāng)冬季海洋鋒偏強(qiáng)時(shí),同期冬季東亞?wèn)|部及南部沿海地區(qū)氣溫升高,春季我國(guó)華北及東北地區(qū)氣溫升高,分析發(fā)現(xiàn)這是由于當(dāng)海洋鋒偏強(qiáng)時(shí)對(duì)應(yīng)北部高空急流增強(qiáng),不利于冷空氣向南爆發(fā);春季的海洋鋒增強(qiáng)同樣使東亞?wèn)|南部氣溫升高,并且使我國(guó)夏季的西北及華北地區(qū)氣溫升高,產(chǎn)生這種影響的主要原因是東亞氣溫對(duì)上游黑潮的同期異常變化產(chǎn)生的鄰域響應(yīng),并且這種影響可以持續(xù)至夏季。
[Abstract]:There are obvious sea surface temperature fronts in the Kuroshio extensional sea area. It has been proved that the ocean front has a certain influence on the atmospheric boundary layer and even the upper troposphere. In this paper, the distribution characteristics and seasonal variation of the meridional gradient of sea surface temperature in the Kuroshio extension area are analyzed by using the SST data of the Hadley Center in the United Kingdom. At the same time, the mean value of the high value area of sea surface temperature in the Kuroshio extension area is defined as the sea front intensity index (KEFI) in the Kuroshio extension area. The interannual and Interdecadal variations of KEFI are studied. The middle and upper troposphere in the mid-latitude of the North Pacific Ocean is characterized by transient disturbances. There is a coupling relationship with the oceanic front variation in the Kuroshio extensional area. It is found that there is a significant positive correlation between the North Pacific transient disturbance and the KEFI in winter. The significant area is located in the main part of the North Pacific storm track, that is, when the strength of the oceanic front in the Kuroshio extension area increases in winter, the North Pacific storm track is also stronger. And this correlation appeared one month before the storm track of KEFI. Then the possible mechanism of this effect was analyzed and found in the high value year of KEFI in winter. Because the difference of heat transfer between the two sides of the ocean front is more obvious, the near surface temperature near the ocean front increases along the gradient, maintaining the baroclinic near the surface. It is beneficial to the development of instantaneous vortices to promote the vortex heat transfer to the pole and the vortex heat to the south of the oceanic front. At the same time, the variation of the ocean front is also related to the large-scale background circulation field. When the oceanic front is strong in winter, the Aleutian low pressure deepens and the subtropical high is slightly strengthened. The corresponding mid-tropospheric geopotential height field is negative higher to the north of 40oN and positive to the south. At the same time, the upper polar front jet strengthened and the subtropical westerly jet weakened and widened to the north. The variation of ocean front intensity in the Kuroshio extensional sea area has a certain effect on the temperature change in North America. When the ocean front intensifies (weakens) in autumn, the temperature in western North America increases (decreases). Lower temperature in the east; When the winter oceanic front strengthens (weakens), the temperature in most parts of North America increases (decrease), and in the small area of southern low latitude, the temperature decreases (increases). This effect is mainly caused by the response of the atmospheric circulation to the variation of the oceanic front. In addition, the intensity of the oceanic front also affects the temperature in East Asia during the winter and spring seasons. When the winter oceanic front is strong, the temperature in the eastern and southern coastal areas of East Asia rises in the same period, and the temperature in North and Northeast China rises in spring. It is found that this is due to the enhancement of the upper air jet corresponding to the north when the ocean front is strong, which is not conducive to the onset of cold air to the south. The strengthening of the spring ocean front also increases the temperature in the southeast of East Asia and the temperature in the northwest and north China in summer. The main reason for this effect is the neighborhood response of East Asian temperature to the synchronous anomaly of the upper Kuroshio and the effect can last into summer.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)氣象科學(xué)研究院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P731.2;P732

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