地基GPS層析水汽三維分布研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-24 08:39
【摘要】：水汽是大氣中最活躍的部分,而且水汽分布是動態(tài)變化的,它和長時間持續(xù)性降水,熱帶氣旋,中緯度氣旋風(fēng)暴,雷電暴雨等氣象現(xiàn)象密切相關(guān)。這些災(zāi)害性的天氣現(xiàn)象可能給社會經(jīng)濟(jì)造成巨大的損失。因此,獲得高精度的,高時空分辨率的水汽信息對氣象學(xué)和天氣預(yù)報具有非常重要的意義。本文使用四川區(qū)域的GPS數(shù)據(jù)對水汽三維分布展開了一系列的實驗研究。主要內(nèi)容如下： (1)西南交通大學(xué)徐韶光博士自主研發(fā)了精密定位與定軌軟件(PLAOD軟件),利用PLAOD軟件解算得到的天頂總延遲精度較高,滿足水汽反演的精度要求。驗證了PLAOD軟件作為本論文后續(xù)研究工作的解算軟件是可靠且可行的。 (2)實驗對比了事后精密星歷和事后精密鐘差,快速精密星歷和快速精密鐘差,超快速預(yù)報星歷和快速精密鐘差三種組合方案均能達(dá)到水汽反演的精度,根據(jù)本文情況選擇了精度較高,時間延遲相對較小的快速精密星歷和快速精密鐘差的組合方案以滿足近實時的水汽三維層析的要求。結(jié)合本文實際情況,設(shè)置高度角為100,采用NMF映射函數(shù),選擇投影法計算GPS斜路徑延遲,選擇Kalman濾波算法解算層析方程組。 (3)選擇四川地區(qū)的巴中、達(dá)縣、廣安、南江、營山五個站點(diǎn)組成的GPS網(wǎng)絡(luò)作為研究區(qū)域,水平方向劃分為6×4=24個網(wǎng)格,分別以800m和1000m垂直分辨率的垂直均勻分層方法層析得到的水汽密度廓線與探空反演的水汽密度廓線很接近,初步表明,在相關(guān)系數(shù)都很高的情況下,兩種分辨率得到的層析結(jié)果近似。對于低層對流層水汽的研究,800m的垂直分辨率反映的水汽特征更明顯。 (4)研究了垂直分層方式對層析結(jié)果的影響,依據(jù)大氣水汽隨著高程變化的特點(diǎn),提出了一種垂直不均勻分層方法。實驗結(jié)果顯示垂直不均勻分層方式層析獲得的水汽密度廓線要好于垂直均勻分層方式,與探空計算的水汽密度廓線更吻合�？紤]到水汽主要集中在對流層中低層,垂直不均勻分層時,對流層低層的垂直分辨率相對較高,得到的大氣水汽的變化特征更加細(xì)致,更能反映出對流層低層大氣水汽的變化特征。四川地區(qū)的水汽層析實驗研究結(jié)果表明本文提出的垂直不均勻分層方法是可行的。 (5)通過實驗研究了層析初值對層析結(jié)果的影響,層析初值存在±50%的偏差時,利用Kalman濾波解算得到的水汽垂直信息跟探空資料仍然能夠較好的符合,得到正確可靠的水汽垂直方向的信息,說明Kalman濾波算法用于水汽三維分布層析對層析初值不敏感,其結(jié)果忠實于GPS的原始觀測數(shù)據(jù)。實驗分析了GPS站點(diǎn)數(shù)量對層析結(jié)果的影響,結(jié)果表明合理的格網(wǎng)劃分和較多的測站數(shù)量是獲得較好層析結(jié)果的前提條件。最后給出了四川地區(qū)構(gòu)建的GPS網(wǎng)絡(luò)的三維水汽層析分布圖,從三維水汽層析分布圖可以直觀而清晰看出水汽主要集中在3km以下區(qū)域,中低層水汽量大,分布不均勻,高層水汽量較小,分布也較為均勻,3km以上總體上隨著高度增加水汽量逐漸減少,但其中也可能會出現(xiàn)逆濕的反復(fù)現(xiàn)象。
[Abstract]:Water vapor is the most active part of the atmosphere, and the distribution of water vapor is dynamic. It is closely related to long-term persistent precipitation, tropical cyclone, middle latitude cyclone storm, thunder storm and other meteorological phenomena. These disastrous weather phenomena may cause huge losses to the socio-economic. Therefore, it is very important to obtain high-precision and high-spatial resolution water vapor information for meteorology and weather forecast. In this paper, a series of experimental studies have been carried out on the three-dimensional distribution of water vapor using GPS data in Sichuan area. The main contents are as follows: (1) Dr. Xu Shaoguang, Southwest Transportation University, independently developed precise positioning and orbit determination software (PLAOD software). The total delay accuracy of zenith total delay calculated by PLAOD software is high, and the accuracy of water vapor inversion is satisfied. Requirement. Verify that PLAOD software is reliable and can be used as a solution to the follow-up work of this paper In this paper, the accuracy of the water vapor inversion can be achieved by comparing the accurate ephemeris and the accurate clock difference, the fast precise ephemeris and the fast precision clock difference, the ultra-fast forecast ephemeris and the fast precision clock difference, and according to the situation, the accuracy of the water vapor inversion can be achieved. The combination scheme of fast precise ephemeris and fast precise clock difference with higher precision and relatively small time delay can be used to meet the three-dimensional water vapor in the near real-time. According to the actual situation of the paper, the height angle is set to 100, the NMF method is adopted, the projection method is adopted to calculate the GPS oblique path delay, and the Kalman filtering algorithm is selected to solve the problem. The chromatographic equation system. (3) Select the GPS network composed of five stations in Badzhong, Dxian, Guang 'an, Nanjiang and Yingshan in Sichuan area as the research area, and the horizontal direction is divided into 6. The water vapor density profile line obtained by the vertical homogeneous delamination method with 800m and 1000m vertical resolution is very close to the water vapor density profile of the sounding inversion. The results show that the two resolutions are very high when the correlation coefficients are very high. The chromatographic results obtained are approximate. The vertical resolution of 800m is reflected for the study of low-layer tropospheric water vapor (4) The influence of vertical layering on the chromatographic results is studied, and the characteristics of atmospheric water vapor along with the elevation change are studied. The invention relates to a vertical non-uniform layering method, and the vertical resolution of the lower layer is relatively high when the water vapor is mainly concentrated in the lower layer and the vertical non-uniform layer in the middle layer, so that the obtained atmospheric water vapor has more detailed characteristics, The changes of atmospheric water vapor in lower layers. The experimental results of water vapor chromatography in Sichuan area show that this paper is vertical. The method is feasible. (5) Through the experiment, the influence of the initial value on the chromatographic results is studied, and when the initial value of the chromatographic initial value is less than 50%, the vertical information and the sounding data obtained by Kalman filtering can still be well met and obtained. The accurate and reliable information about the vertical direction of water vapor shows that the Kalman filtering algorithm is applied to the three-dimensional distribution chromatography of water vapor and is insensitive to the initial value of chromatography, The effect of the number of GPS stations on the chromatographic results is analyzed, and the results show that the reasonable grid division and the larger number of columns It is the precondition of obtaining better chromatographic results. Finally, the three-dimensional water vapor chromatographic profile of the GPS network built in Sichuan area is given. From the three-dimensional water vapor chromatographic profile, it can be seen clearly and clearly that the water vapor is mainly concentrated in the area below 3km, and the water vapor in the middle layer is large and the distribution is uneven, the amount of high-rise water vapor is small, the distribution is even more uniform,
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P228.4;P412.13
本文編號：2290885
[Abstract]:Water vapor is the most active part of the atmosphere, and the distribution of water vapor is dynamic. It is closely related to long-term persistent precipitation, tropical cyclone, middle latitude cyclone storm, thunder storm and other meteorological phenomena. These disastrous weather phenomena may cause huge losses to the socio-economic. Therefore, it is very important to obtain high-precision and high-spatial resolution water vapor information for meteorology and weather forecast. In this paper, a series of experimental studies have been carried out on the three-dimensional distribution of water vapor using GPS data in Sichuan area. The main contents are as follows: (1) Dr. Xu Shaoguang, Southwest Transportation University, independently developed precise positioning and orbit determination software (PLAOD software). The total delay accuracy of zenith total delay calculated by PLAOD software is high, and the accuracy of water vapor inversion is satisfied. Requirement. Verify that PLAOD software is reliable and can be used as a solution to the follow-up work of this paper In this paper, the accuracy of the water vapor inversion can be achieved by comparing the accurate ephemeris and the accurate clock difference, the fast precise ephemeris and the fast precision clock difference, the ultra-fast forecast ephemeris and the fast precision clock difference, and according to the situation, the accuracy of the water vapor inversion can be achieved. The combination scheme of fast precise ephemeris and fast precise clock difference with higher precision and relatively small time delay can be used to meet the three-dimensional water vapor in the near real-time. According to the actual situation of the paper, the height angle is set to 100, the NMF method is adopted, the projection method is adopted to calculate the GPS oblique path delay, and the Kalman filtering algorithm is selected to solve the problem. The chromatographic equation system. (3) Select the GPS network composed of five stations in Badzhong, Dxian, Guang 'an, Nanjiang and Yingshan in Sichuan area as the research area, and the horizontal direction is divided into 6. The water vapor density profile line obtained by the vertical homogeneous delamination method with 800m and 1000m vertical resolution is very close to the water vapor density profile of the sounding inversion. The results show that the two resolutions are very high when the correlation coefficients are very high. The chromatographic results obtained are approximate. The vertical resolution of 800m is reflected for the study of low-layer tropospheric water vapor (4) The influence of vertical layering on the chromatographic results is studied, and the characteristics of atmospheric water vapor along with the elevation change are studied. The invention relates to a vertical non-uniform layering method, and the vertical resolution of the lower layer is relatively high when the water vapor is mainly concentrated in the lower layer and the vertical non-uniform layer in the middle layer, so that the obtained atmospheric water vapor has more detailed characteristics, The changes of atmospheric water vapor in lower layers. The experimental results of water vapor chromatography in Sichuan area show that this paper is vertical. The method is feasible. (5) Through the experiment, the influence of the initial value on the chromatographic results is studied, and when the initial value of the chromatographic initial value is less than 50%, the vertical information and the sounding data obtained by Kalman filtering can still be well met and obtained. The accurate and reliable information about the vertical direction of water vapor shows that the Kalman filtering algorithm is applied to the three-dimensional distribution chromatography of water vapor and is insensitive to the initial value of chromatography, The effect of the number of GPS stations on the chromatographic results is analyzed, and the results show that the reasonable grid division and the larger number of columns It is the precondition of obtaining better chromatographic results. Finally, the three-dimensional water vapor chromatographic profile of the GPS network built in Sichuan area is given. From the three-dimensional water vapor chromatographic profile, it can be seen clearly and clearly that the water vapor is mainly concentrated in the area below 3km, and the water vapor in the middle layer is large and the distribution is uneven, the amount of high-rise water vapor is small, the distribution is even more uniform,
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P228.4;P412.13
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