基于EAEQG格網(wǎng)模型的空間剖分組織方法研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-23 12:58
【摘要】：傳統(tǒng)平面數(shù)據(jù)模型,是通過地圖投影的方式將基于地理坐標(biāo)系下的三維空間數(shù)據(jù),轉(zhuǎn)換為歐氏二維空間數(shù)據(jù)的數(shù)據(jù)模型。投影轉(zhuǎn)換的方式?jīng)Q定了在大區(qū)域乃至全球尺度下,不可避免地會(huì)出現(xiàn),空間數(shù)據(jù)的割裂、重疊和空間實(shí)體幾何形變等現(xiàn)象。因而,傳統(tǒng)平面數(shù)據(jù)模型難以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)大區(qū)域的海量數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行快速有效地存儲(chǔ)、表達(dá)和管理。同時(shí),隨著對(duì)地觀測(cè)手段的日益豐富,空間信息動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)的區(qū)域范圍已由局部擴(kuò)展到了全球。空間數(shù)據(jù),也漸漸成為多學(xué)科、多領(lǐng)域研究的數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)。因此,如何快速有效地存儲(chǔ)、表達(dá)和管理全球多尺度的空間數(shù)據(jù),已成為了空間信息科學(xué)領(lǐng)域研究的重要問題之一。 以全球離散格網(wǎng)模型為理論基礎(chǔ)的空間信息組織框架,被認(rèn)為是解決傳統(tǒng)平面格網(wǎng)模型在處理大區(qū)域乃至全球地理空間數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)的諸多問題最有效的方法。但是現(xiàn)行的全球離散格網(wǎng)三種剖分模型各自存在難以避免的問題： 1.自適應(yīng)格網(wǎng)模型單一層面或單一比例尺的非規(guī)則剖分系統(tǒng),不利于邊界的動(dòng)態(tài)操作,且缺乏數(shù)據(jù)的層次表達(dá),很難與比例尺或空間分辨率直接聯(lián)系,很難解決球面海量數(shù)據(jù)的多層次綜合處理和空間分析； 2.正多面體格網(wǎng)模型由于最終要轉(zhuǎn)換到橢球面上,因而涉及到復(fù)雜的投影運(yùn)算,導(dǎo)致運(yùn)算效率較低,難以保證數(shù)據(jù)高效轉(zhuǎn)換。同時(shí)難以對(duì)現(xiàn)有數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行集成和繼承； 3.經(jīng)緯度網(wǎng)格模型同一層級(jí)剖分單元的變形很大等諸多缺陷,難以適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代信息技術(shù)日益多元化的應(yīng)用需求。 因此,本文在總結(jié)現(xiàn)有全球離散格網(wǎng)模型優(yōu)點(diǎn)和不足的基礎(chǔ)上,創(chuàng)新性的提出了全新的格網(wǎng)剖分模型——等面積橢球面四尺樹格網(wǎng)EAEQG(Equal-Area Ellipsoidal Quadtree Grid)模型。EAEQG格網(wǎng)模型是一種無縫無疊覆蓋全球?qū)哟纹史指窬W(wǎng),保證了同層次的剖分單元面積相等,并具有相同的幾何形狀和拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)。實(shí)現(xiàn)了剖分單元和地理坐標(biāo)快速轉(zhuǎn)換,同時(shí)支持空間數(shù)據(jù)多分辨率表達(dá)。EAEQG剖分模型具體講就是,選變經(jīng)緯度剖分模型很好的繼承了經(jīng)緯度剖分模型的便于剖分單元編碼與地理坐標(biāo)間進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換和對(duì)歷史數(shù)據(jù)的良好繼承性的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。為了避免經(jīng)緯度格網(wǎng)剖分模型會(huì)造成同一剖分層次下剖分單元變形較大的問題時(shí),本文采用退化四叉樹劃分方法,控制同級(jí)剖分單元隨緯度增加而變形增大的問題。同時(shí),為了簡(jiǎn)化剖分計(jì)算的算法的復(fù)雜度,將正多面剖分思想引入EAEQG格網(wǎng)剖分。具體將就是,直接對(duì)WGS-84橢球體以內(nèi)接八面體,進(jìn)行初始剖分。即將旋轉(zhuǎn)橢球體平均剖分成8個(gè)幾何形態(tài)和特征完全相等的八分體。這樣就將全球范圍的剖分計(jì)算和操作算法,簡(jiǎn)化至對(duì)八分體內(nèi)的剖分計(jì)算和操作算法,從而大大提高了操作和計(jì)算速率,系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行效率。采用四叉樹劃分,就決定了EAEQG剖分的剖分孔徑為4,同時(shí),也便于采用二進(jìn)制的Morton編碼,提高編碼效率和剖分編碼與地理坐標(biāo)間互轉(zhuǎn)換速率。EAEQG剖分基本剖分單元基本幾何結(jié)構(gòu)采用了規(guī)則的橢球面四邊形,摒棄了三角形、六邊形、菱形等規(guī)則幾何結(jié)構(gòu),從而避免了正多面體剖分的剖分單元在投影映射到球面時(shí)的幾何變形,最大限度的保證了各剖分單元的幾何穩(wěn)定性,以及避免了三角形、六邊形、菱形等規(guī)則幾何剖分單元難以與地理坐標(biāo)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換的難題。同時(shí),四邊形簡(jiǎn)單拓?fù)潢P(guān)系使其更易于實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)空間搜索和邏輯判斷。最重要的是EAEQG格網(wǎng)剖分模型,在剖分的過程中,刻意地保留各剖分單元的等面積的幾何特性。這一特性,使得EAEQG剖分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)在剖分計(jì)算和統(tǒng)計(jì)查詢等方面具有無法比擬優(yōu)勢(shì)。 按照全球空間信息統(tǒng)一組織的思路,設(shè)計(jì)全新的空間信息剖分組織框架——基于EAEQG格網(wǎng)的空間信息剖分組織框架。并對(duì)EAEQG格網(wǎng)剖分的原理、結(jié)點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)計(jì)算方法、剖分單元的編碼方法、格網(wǎng)編碼與地理坐標(biāo)互轉(zhuǎn)換算法、鄰近搜索方法、幾何特性分析、空間信息的剖分標(biāo)識(shí)原理和原型系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)方案等方面進(jìn)行了較為詳細(xì)的闡述。 本文創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)為： ①WGS-84坐標(biāo)系,作為空間參考基準(zhǔn)。在WGS-84橢球面上直接進(jìn)行剖分,很好的滿足了現(xiàn)代空間信息處理對(duì)高精度的需求。 ②提出了全新的格網(wǎng)剖分模型EAEQG格網(wǎng)模型,彌補(bǔ)不現(xiàn)有全球離散格網(wǎng)模型的一些不足。
[Abstract]:The traditional plane data model is the transformation of three-dimensional spatial data based on the geographic coordinate system into the data model of the Euclidean two-dimensional spatial data through the way of map projection. The projection transformation determines the unavoidable appearance, the separation of space data, the overlap and the geometric deformation of space entities in large and global scales. As a result, the traditional plane data model is difficult to achieve fast and effective storage, expression and management of massive data in large areas. At the same time, with the increasing enrichment of ground observation means, the regional scope of dynamic monitoring of spatial information has been expanded from part to global. Spatial data has gradually become a multi-disciplinary and multi field research. Therefore, how to store, express and manage global multi-scale spatial data quickly and effectively has become one of the most important issues in the field of space information science.
The framework of spatial information organization based on the global discrete grid model is considered as the most effective method to solve many problems of the traditional plane grid model in dealing with large area and global geographic spatial data. However, the existing three kinds of discrete grid models are difficult to avoid.
1. the unitary or single scale irregular subdivision system of adaptive grid model is not conducive to the dynamic operation of the boundary, and it is very difficult to connect with the scale or spatial resolution directly. It is difficult to solve the multilevel comprehensive processing and spatial analysis of the massive data of the spherical surface.
The 2. positive polyhedron grid model has to be converted to the ellipsoidal surface, so it involves complex projection operations, which leads to low operational efficiency and difficult to ensure efficient data conversion, and it is difficult to integrate and inherit the existing data.
3. the longitude and latitude grid model has large deformation in the same level of subdivision unit. It is difficult to adapt to the increasingly diversified application demand of modern information technology.
Therefore, on the basis of summarizing the advantages and disadvantages of the existing global discrete grid model, this paper innovatively proposes a new grid subdivision model - the equal area ellipsoid four foot tree grid EAEQG (Equal-Area Ellipsoidal Quadtree Grid) model.EAEQG grid model is a seamless and non overlapping coverage global hierarchical grid, which guarantees the same The area of the level division unit is equal, and has the same geometry and topology. It realizes the rapid transformation of the division unit and the geographic coordinates, and supports the multi-resolution.EAEQG subdivision model of the spatial data, and the selection of the latitude and latitude subdivision model is a good inheritance of the subdivision unit coding. In order to avoid the problem of large deformation of the subdivision unit under the same section, the degenerate four fork tree division method is used to control the problem of the increasing deformation of the same level division unit with the increase of latitude. The complexity of the algorithm is simplified, and the idea of the positive multiplane section is introduced into the EAEQG grid. In particular, the initial dissection is carried out directly to the WGS-84 ellipsoid with eight sides, and the rotation ellipsoid is divided into 8 geometric shapes and the eight parts which are completely equal in feature. The calculation method is simplified to the calculation and operation of the division of eight points in the body, which greatly improves the operation and calculation rate and the efficiency of the system. By using the four forked tree division, the split aperture of the EAEQG section is determined to be 4. At the same time, the binary Morton coding is also used to improve the coding efficiency and the cross conversion between the split code and the geographical coordinates. The basic geometric structure of the basic dissection unit of the rate.EAEQG dissection uses a regular ellipsoid quadrangle, abandons the regular geometric structure of the triangle, hexagon, rhombus and so on, thus avoiding the geometric deformation of the subdivision unit when the projection is mapped to the sphere, and the maximum extent guarantees the geometric stability of the subdivision units. At the same time, the simple topological relation of the quadrangle makes it easier to realize data space search and logical judgment. The most important thing is the EAEQG grid partition model, which deliberately preserves the division units in the process of dissection. The geometric characteristics of the area make the EAEQG subdivision data incomparable in terms of subdivision calculation and statistical query.
According to the idea of global spatial information unified organization, we design a new spatial information dissection organization framework - the spatial information subdivision framework based on EAEQG grid, and the principle of EAEQG grid division, the calculation method of node coordinates, the coding method of the partition unit, the algorithm of grid coding and the mutual conversion of geographic coordinates, the adjacent search method, and the adjacent search methods The characteristic analysis, the partition principle of spatial information and the design scheme of the prototype system are described in detail.
The innovation points of this article are as follows:
(1) the WGS-84 coordinate system, as a spatial reference standard, is directly dissecting on the WGS-84 ellipsoid, which meets the high precision requirement of modern spatial information processing.
Secondly, we propose a new grid partition model EAEQG grid model to make up for some shortcomings of the existing discrete grid models.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P208
本文編號(hào)：2139484
[Abstract]:The traditional plane data model is the transformation of three-dimensional spatial data based on the geographic coordinate system into the data model of the Euclidean two-dimensional spatial data through the way of map projection. The projection transformation determines the unavoidable appearance, the separation of space data, the overlap and the geometric deformation of space entities in large and global scales. As a result, the traditional plane data model is difficult to achieve fast and effective storage, expression and management of massive data in large areas. At the same time, with the increasing enrichment of ground observation means, the regional scope of dynamic monitoring of spatial information has been expanded from part to global. Spatial data has gradually become a multi-disciplinary and multi field research. Therefore, how to store, express and manage global multi-scale spatial data quickly and effectively has become one of the most important issues in the field of space information science.
The framework of spatial information organization based on the global discrete grid model is considered as the most effective method to solve many problems of the traditional plane grid model in dealing with large area and global geographic spatial data. However, the existing three kinds of discrete grid models are difficult to avoid.
1. the unitary or single scale irregular subdivision system of adaptive grid model is not conducive to the dynamic operation of the boundary, and it is very difficult to connect with the scale or spatial resolution directly. It is difficult to solve the multilevel comprehensive processing and spatial analysis of the massive data of the spherical surface.
The 2. positive polyhedron grid model has to be converted to the ellipsoidal surface, so it involves complex projection operations, which leads to low operational efficiency and difficult to ensure efficient data conversion, and it is difficult to integrate and inherit the existing data.
3. the longitude and latitude grid model has large deformation in the same level of subdivision unit. It is difficult to adapt to the increasingly diversified application demand of modern information technology.
Therefore, on the basis of summarizing the advantages and disadvantages of the existing global discrete grid model, this paper innovatively proposes a new grid subdivision model - the equal area ellipsoid four foot tree grid EAEQG (Equal-Area Ellipsoidal Quadtree Grid) model.EAEQG grid model is a seamless and non overlapping coverage global hierarchical grid, which guarantees the same The area of the level division unit is equal, and has the same geometry and topology. It realizes the rapid transformation of the division unit and the geographic coordinates, and supports the multi-resolution.EAEQG subdivision model of the spatial data, and the selection of the latitude and latitude subdivision model is a good inheritance of the subdivision unit coding. In order to avoid the problem of large deformation of the subdivision unit under the same section, the degenerate four fork tree division method is used to control the problem of the increasing deformation of the same level division unit with the increase of latitude. The complexity of the algorithm is simplified, and the idea of the positive multiplane section is introduced into the EAEQG grid. In particular, the initial dissection is carried out directly to the WGS-84 ellipsoid with eight sides, and the rotation ellipsoid is divided into 8 geometric shapes and the eight parts which are completely equal in feature. The calculation method is simplified to the calculation and operation of the division of eight points in the body, which greatly improves the operation and calculation rate and the efficiency of the system. By using the four forked tree division, the split aperture of the EAEQG section is determined to be 4. At the same time, the binary Morton coding is also used to improve the coding efficiency and the cross conversion between the split code and the geographical coordinates. The basic geometric structure of the basic dissection unit of the rate.EAEQG dissection uses a regular ellipsoid quadrangle, abandons the regular geometric structure of the triangle, hexagon, rhombus and so on, thus avoiding the geometric deformation of the subdivision unit when the projection is mapped to the sphere, and the maximum extent guarantees the geometric stability of the subdivision units. At the same time, the simple topological relation of the quadrangle makes it easier to realize data space search and logical judgment. The most important thing is the EAEQG grid partition model, which deliberately preserves the division units in the process of dissection. The geometric characteristics of the area make the EAEQG subdivision data incomparable in terms of subdivision calculation and statistical query.
According to the idea of global spatial information unified organization, we design a new spatial information dissection organization framework - the spatial information subdivision framework based on EAEQG grid, and the principle of EAEQG grid division, the calculation method of node coordinates, the coding method of the partition unit, the algorithm of grid coding and the mutual conversion of geographic coordinates, the adjacent search method, and the adjacent search methods The characteristic analysis, the partition principle of spatial information and the design scheme of the prototype system are described in detail.
The innovation points of this article are as follows:
(1) the WGS-84 coordinate system, as a spatial reference standard, is directly dissecting on the WGS-84 ellipsoid, which meets the high precision requirement of modern spatial information processing.
Secondly, we propose a new grid partition model EAEQG grid model to make up for some shortcomings of the existing discrete grid models.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P208
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