1000MW超超臨界機(jī)組雙相不銹鋼循環(huán)水泵異常斷裂的失效分析及解決對(duì)策
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-30 19:57
【摘要】：作為超超臨界火力發(fā)電機(jī)組的重要輔機(jī),循環(huán)水泵運(yùn)行的正常與否直接影響到整個(gè)火力發(fā)電機(jī)組的發(fā)電效率和安全運(yùn)行。由于循環(huán)水泵所處的環(huán)境一般為強(qiáng)腐蝕性的海水,且在運(yùn)行過程中不可避免會(huì)產(chǎn)生頻繁的振動(dòng),用于循環(huán)水泵的材質(zhì)需要具備極好的耐腐蝕性能和優(yōu)異的力學(xué)性能。當(dāng)前,雙相不銹鋼以其優(yōu)異的力學(xué)性能和良好的耐腐蝕性能,廣泛地應(yīng)用在石油、化工、造紙、食品、軍事以及海洋工業(yè)等領(lǐng)域,并成為火力發(fā)電機(jī)組用材料的最佳選擇之一。作為華東最大的火力發(fā)電廠之一,浙江某火力發(fā)電廠三期擁有兩臺(tái)一百萬千瓦超超臨界火力發(fā)電機(jī)組,該機(jī)組的循環(huán)水泵在國(guó)內(nèi)首次選用2205雙相不銹鋼作為母材材質(zhì),設(shè)計(jì)服役壽命為三十年,但是運(yùn)行不到一年便發(fā)生了大面積異常斷裂的重大失效事故,嚴(yán)重影響到火力發(fā)電機(jī)組的正常運(yùn)行,造成了巨大損失。本文綜合運(yùn)用了失效分析的理論基礎(chǔ)和基本方法,采用了一系列宏微觀表征分析手段,從材料材質(zhì)、制造工藝、運(yùn)行工況、斷口形貌等多方面對(duì)這一重大失效事故進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的研究與分析,最終找出引發(fā)這一重大失效事故的根本原因,并提出行之有效的解決對(duì)策,具體從以下三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行展開。首先利用化學(xué)成分分析、金相組織觀察、電子背散射衍射技術(shù)等對(duì)該超超臨界機(jī)組循環(huán)水泵用雙相不銹鋼材質(zhì)及焊接接頭進(jìn)行了檢驗(yàn),并利用擺錘式?jīng)_擊試驗(yàn)機(jī)對(duì)母體材料沖擊韌性進(jìn)行評(píng)定,結(jié)果表明,循環(huán)水泵選用的母體材料成分、顯微組織以及沖擊韌性完全符合美國(guó)ASTM318O3標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求,質(zhì)量評(píng)定合格,但焊接接頭中碳元素含量明顯超標(biāo),并且存在鐵素體相和奧氏體相比例不匹配的嚴(yán)重缺陷。這是引發(fā)焊接接頭脆化、強(qiáng)度下降的重要原因之一其次對(duì)發(fā)生嚴(yán)重失效的循環(huán)水泵進(jìn)行了全面的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)查和合理的取樣,確定了率先發(fā)生斷裂失效的位置,利用三維體式顯微鏡(3D-OM)、掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)、能譜分析儀(EDS)等一系列宏微觀分析手段分別對(duì)失效循環(huán)水泵的法蘭、筒體以及吊耳等部件進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)分析,結(jié)果表明,不同段法蘭間拼接焊縫內(nèi)嚴(yán)重的未焊透缺陷,是引發(fā)法蘭率先發(fā)生斷裂、進(jìn)而引起整個(gè)循環(huán)水泵普遍發(fā)生異常斷裂的根本原因,而筒體的焊接處存在的未焊透和凝固裂紋等缺陷,是引起焊接接頭強(qiáng)度顯著下降、進(jìn)而引發(fā)筒體發(fā)生過早斷裂的另一重要原因。最后,本文根據(jù)這一分析結(jié)果,提出了對(duì)應(yīng)的切實(shí)可行的解決措施,最終經(jīng)采納并實(shí)施,有效地解決了這一重大失效事故,保證了這兩臺(tái)百萬級(jí)超超臨界火力發(fā)電機(jī)組安全可靠地運(yùn)行。
[Abstract]:As an important auxiliary unit of ultra supercritical thermal power generating unit, the operation of circulating water pump directly affects the generating efficiency and safe operation of the whole thermal power generating unit. Because the environment of circulating water pump is generally strong corrosive sea water and frequent vibration will inevitably occur in the process of operation, the material used for circulating pump must have excellent corrosion resistance and excellent mechanical properties. At present, duplex stainless steel is widely used in petroleum, chemical, papermaking, food, military and marine industries for its excellent mechanical properties and good corrosion resistance. As one of the largest thermal power plants in East China, a thermal power plant in Zhejiang Province has two 1 million kilowatts ultra supercritical thermal power generating units in the third phase. The circulating water pump of this unit is the first time in China to select 2205 duplex stainless steel as the base material. The design service life is 30 years, but within a year of operation, a large area of abnormal fracture occurred, which seriously affected the normal operation of thermal power generating units, resulting in huge losses. In this paper, the theoretical basis and basic method of failure analysis are synthetically used, and a series of macro and micro analysis methods are adopted, from material, manufacturing technology, operation condition. The fracture morphology and other aspects have systematically studied and analyzed the major failure accident, finally found out the root cause of the major failure accident, and put forward effective countermeasures, which are carried out from the following three aspects. At first, the material of duplex stainless steel and welded joint for circulating water pump of this ultra-supercritical unit were tested by chemical composition analysis, metallographic observation and electron backscatter diffraction technique. The impact toughness of the parent material was evaluated by using a pendulum impact testing machine. The results show that the composition, microstructure and impact toughness of the matrix material selected by the circulating water pump fully meet the requirements of the ASTM318O3 standard of the United States, and the quality evaluation is qualified. However, the content of carbon in welded joints is obviously over the standard, and there is a serious defect that the proportion of ferrite phase and austenite phase does not match. This is one of the important reasons for the brittleness of welded joints and the decrease of strength. Secondly, a comprehensive field investigation and reasonable sampling of circulating water pumps with serious failure have been carried out, and the position where the fracture failure occurred first has been determined. A series of macro and micro analysis methods, such as three dimensional solid microscope (3D-OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM),) energy spectrum analyzer (EDS) and so on, were used to analyze the flange, cylinder and hoist of the failed circulating water pump. The results show that the serious failure of weld penetration in the weld joint between flanges in different sections is the fundamental reason that leads to the fracture of the flange, and then causes the abnormal fracture of the whole circulating water pump. However, the defects such as weld penetration and solidification cracks in the welded part of the cylinder are another important reason for the decrease of the strength of the welded joint and the premature fracture of the cylinder. Finally, according to the results of this analysis, this paper puts forward the corresponding practical solutions, which are finally adopted and implemented to effectively solve this major failure accident. These two million-class ultra-supercritical thermal power generating units are safely and reliably operated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM621
本文編號(hào)：2301017
[Abstract]:As an important auxiliary unit of ultra supercritical thermal power generating unit, the operation of circulating water pump directly affects the generating efficiency and safe operation of the whole thermal power generating unit. Because the environment of circulating water pump is generally strong corrosive sea water and frequent vibration will inevitably occur in the process of operation, the material used for circulating pump must have excellent corrosion resistance and excellent mechanical properties. At present, duplex stainless steel is widely used in petroleum, chemical, papermaking, food, military and marine industries for its excellent mechanical properties and good corrosion resistance. As one of the largest thermal power plants in East China, a thermal power plant in Zhejiang Province has two 1 million kilowatts ultra supercritical thermal power generating units in the third phase. The circulating water pump of this unit is the first time in China to select 2205 duplex stainless steel as the base material. The design service life is 30 years, but within a year of operation, a large area of abnormal fracture occurred, which seriously affected the normal operation of thermal power generating units, resulting in huge losses. In this paper, the theoretical basis and basic method of failure analysis are synthetically used, and a series of macro and micro analysis methods are adopted, from material, manufacturing technology, operation condition. The fracture morphology and other aspects have systematically studied and analyzed the major failure accident, finally found out the root cause of the major failure accident, and put forward effective countermeasures, which are carried out from the following three aspects. At first, the material of duplex stainless steel and welded joint for circulating water pump of this ultra-supercritical unit were tested by chemical composition analysis, metallographic observation and electron backscatter diffraction technique. The impact toughness of the parent material was evaluated by using a pendulum impact testing machine. The results show that the composition, microstructure and impact toughness of the matrix material selected by the circulating water pump fully meet the requirements of the ASTM318O3 standard of the United States, and the quality evaluation is qualified. However, the content of carbon in welded joints is obviously over the standard, and there is a serious defect that the proportion of ferrite phase and austenite phase does not match. This is one of the important reasons for the brittleness of welded joints and the decrease of strength. Secondly, a comprehensive field investigation and reasonable sampling of circulating water pumps with serious failure have been carried out, and the position where the fracture failure occurred first has been determined. A series of macro and micro analysis methods, such as three dimensional solid microscope (3D-OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM),) energy spectrum analyzer (EDS) and so on, were used to analyze the flange, cylinder and hoist of the failed circulating water pump. The results show that the serious failure of weld penetration in the weld joint between flanges in different sections is the fundamental reason that leads to the fracture of the flange, and then causes the abnormal fracture of the whole circulating water pump. However, the defects such as weld penetration and solidification cracks in the welded part of the cylinder are another important reason for the decrease of the strength of the welded joint and the premature fracture of the cylinder. Finally, according to the results of this analysis, this paper puts forward the corresponding practical solutions, which are finally adopted and implemented to effectively solve this major failure accident. These two million-class ultra-supercritical thermal power generating units are safely and reliably operated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM621
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