【摘要】：隨著全球人口的增長(zhǎng)和非可再生能源日益減少，目前世界上在能源供給方面有兩個(gè)突出的問題：一個(gè)是對(duì)地廣人稀的能源輸送問題；一個(gè)是對(duì)可再生能源的利用問題。隨著這些問題的日益凸顯，光伏微電網(wǎng)技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)就很好的同時(shí)解決了這兩個(gè)問題。太陽(yáng)能作為一種取之不盡用之不竭且無(wú)污染的清潔能源，無(wú)可厚非的作為煤炭和石油的最佳替代能源；微電網(wǎng)技術(shù)對(duì)于地廣人稀或者海島上的電力供給，也大大降低了供電成本和電站的建設(shè)維護(hù)難度。 現(xiàn)在各國(guó)都加大了對(duì)這一領(lǐng)域的研究，但是由于光伏微電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)較為復(fù)雜，且環(huán)境條件多變，實(shí)驗(yàn)室的建立有一定的難度。所以目前多是通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)建立動(dòng)態(tài)仿真模型，通過(guò)仿真結(jié)果進(jìn)行可行性和穩(wěn)定性的分析和證明。 本課題通過(guò)建立微網(wǎng)運(yùn)行控制仿真平臺(tái)，在Matlab／Simulink仿真環(huán)境下建立了光伏電池模型、光伏微電網(wǎng)控制策略、分布式微網(wǎng)控制策略以及微電網(wǎng)綜合控制策略的模型。在分析原理地基礎(chǔ)上給出了參數(shù)和模型結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)方法，通過(guò)仿真結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了模型的正確性和有效性。仿真結(jié)果表明了所建立的模型可以用于接入微網(wǎng)運(yùn)行控制問題和分布式電源并網(wǎng)的仿真研究，以及具有一定的通用性和拓展性。 首先，介紹了微電網(wǎng)的發(fā)展歷程以及國(guó)內(nèi)外的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，并且根據(jù)光伏發(fā)電原理建立了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)光伏電池仿真的模型，并研究了控制光伏電池最大功率輸出的最大功率點(diǎn)跟蹤（MPPT）算法。 其次，在微電網(wǎng)中為了使光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器能夠?qū)崟r(shí)的跟蹤大電網(wǎng)的電壓，設(shè)計(jì)了一種新型光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器同步控制策略，即規(guī)避了無(wú)差拍控制魯棒性差和重復(fù)控制動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)慢的缺點(diǎn)，又繼承了兩者的優(yōu)勢(shì)，，設(shè)計(jì)了一種新型的復(fù)合同步控制策略，使得該方法即提高了系統(tǒng)的響應(yīng)速度又完善了輸出波形，并且可以有效抑制非線性干擾信號(hào)的擾動(dòng)。 分析了分布式電源微電網(wǎng)的PQ控制、PV控制策略的原理和方法，在此基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)了一種新型的PQ—PV復(fù)合控制，并通過(guò)這三種策略的原理給出了控制結(jié)構(gòu)，建立仿真模型，并且根據(jù)仿真模型的參數(shù)進(jìn)行了方法的設(shè)計(jì)。 最后，整合上述模型的設(shè)計(jì)，設(shè)計(jì)了微電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)主從控制方法和對(duì)等控制方法，建立了有效的孤島運(yùn)行和同步并網(wǎng)的機(jī)制，并通過(guò)仿真結(jié)果證明模型的可行性和有效性。
[Abstract]:With the increase of global population and the decreasing of non-renewable energy, there are two outstanding problems in energy supply in the world at present: one is the transmission of energy to vast areas of land, the other is the utilization of renewable energy. As these problems become increasingly prominent, the emergence of photovoltaic microgrid technology is a good solution to these two problems at the same time. Solar energy is an inexhaustible and pollution-free clean energy source, and unquestionably the best alternative to coal and oil. It also greatly reduces the cost of power supply and the difficulty of power station construction and maintenance. Now all countries have increased the research in this field, but because the photovoltaic microgrid system is more complex and the environmental conditions are changeable, it is difficult to establish the laboratory. So at present, most of the dynamic simulation models are established by computer, and the feasibility and stability are analyzed and proved by the simulation results. In this paper, the model of photovoltaic cell, control strategy of photovoltaic microgrid, distributed microgrid control strategy and integrated control strategy of microgrid are established in Matlab/Simulink simulation environment through the establishment of microgrid operation control simulation platform. Based on the analysis principle, the design method of parameters and model structure is given, and the correctness and validity of the model are verified by simulation results. The simulation results show that the proposed model can be used to study the operation control problem of microgrid and the grid-connected distributed power supply, and it has some generality and expansibility. Firstly, the development history of microgrid and the current situation at home and abroad are introduced, and the simulation model of standard photovoltaic cell is established according to the principle of photovoltaic power generation. The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm for controlling the maximum power output of photovoltaic cells is also studied. Secondly, in order to make photovoltaic grid-connected inverter track the voltage of large grid in real time, a new synchronous control strategy for grid-connected photovoltaic inverter is designed. This paper not only avoids the shortcomings of poor robustness and slow dynamic response of non-beat control, but also inherits the advantages of both, and designs a new compound synchronous control strategy. This method not only improves the response speed of the system, but also improves the output waveform, and can effectively suppress the disturbance of the nonlinear interference signal. This paper analyzes the principle and method of PQ control PV control strategy in distributed power microgrid, designs a new type of PQ-PV compound control based on this, and gives the control structure through the principle of these three strategies, and establishes the simulation model. The method is designed according to the parameters of the simulation model. Finally, combining the design of the above model, the master-slave control method and peer-to-peer control method of micro-grid system are designed, and an effective mechanism of island operation and synchronous grid-connection is established. The simulation results show that the model is feasible and effective.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM615

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