發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-05 19:47

  本文選題：聚氯乙烯 + 回收輪胎粉　； 參考：《湖南師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文以回收輪胎粉(GRT)及印刷電路板(PCB)粉末中回收的非金屬粉末(N-PCB)為填料,添加到聚氯乙烯(PVC)復(fù)合材料中,通過熔融共混制備了PVC/GRT、PVC/N-PCB及PVC/GRT/N-PCB復(fù)合材料,分別研究了GRT及N-PCB對(duì)PVC復(fù)合材料力學(xué)性能的影響,并研究GRT和N-PCB增韌增強(qiáng)PVC復(fù)合材料的最佳配方。將GRT與不同單體甲基丙烯酸縮水甘油酯(GMA)、馬來酸酐(MAH)、丙烯酸(AA)分別通過開煉機(jī)共混,而后在雙螺桿擠出機(jī)中反應(yīng)擠出,制備了PVC/GRT復(fù)合材料。考察了回收輪胎粉用量、單體種類、引發(fā)劑種類對(duì)復(fù)合材料力學(xué)性能的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,加入5phr GRT,在DCP引發(fā)作用下PVC/GRT復(fù)合材料韌性提高顯著。在此基礎(chǔ)上,以正交實(shí)驗(yàn)探究引發(fā)劑DCP、接枝單體GMA、共單體St的最佳用量。結(jié)果表明在GRT用量為5phr,GMA、St、DCP用量分別為4phr、4phr、0.15phr時(shí),PVC/GRT復(fù)合材料增韌效果最佳,與未添加GRT的PVC相比缺口沖擊強(qiáng)度提高26%。接觸角測(cè)試結(jié)果表明:用單體修飾的GRT相比較于未修飾的GRT極性增大,與PVC的極性差減小;SEM結(jié)果表明:用GMA反應(yīng)增韌后的PVC/GRT復(fù)合材料表面空洞明顯減少,表面相容性提高,因而GRT表現(xiàn)了較好的增韌效果,提高了PVC/GRT復(fù)合材料的缺口沖擊強(qiáng)度。將N-PCB粉末作為增強(qiáng)填料,并且加入E-44,添加到PVC樹脂材料中,通過共混熔融擠出制備了PVC/N-PCB復(fù)合材料。研究了N-PCB添加量、E-44用量以及N-PCB粒徑大小對(duì)PVC/N-PCB復(fù)合材料力學(xué)性能的影響。利用萬能電子試驗(yàn)機(jī)測(cè)定了材料的力學(xué)性能,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:添加30phr N-PCB粉及5phr E-44的PVC/N-PCB復(fù)合材料與未添加N-PCB的PVC相比,其拉伸強(qiáng)度、斷裂伸長率和彎曲強(qiáng)度分別增大18%、29%、20%。與未添加E-44的PVC/N-PCB復(fù)合材料相比,其拉伸強(qiáng)度、斷裂伸長率和彎曲強(qiáng)度分別增大12%、26%、19%。SEM結(jié)果表明:加入E-44后能明顯改善N-PCB與PVC基材的界面作用,減少了界面缺陷,N-PCB中玻璃纖維與PVC基材結(jié)合相對(duì)比較緊密,脫出空洞數(shù)明顯減少。將GRT添加至PVC復(fù)合材料中,其缺口沖擊強(qiáng)度提高但拉伸和彎曲強(qiáng)度下降;將N-PCB添加至PVC復(fù)合材料中,其拉伸和彎曲強(qiáng)度提高但缺口沖擊強(qiáng)度下降。利用GRT和N-PCB添加改性PVC復(fù)合材料的特性,將GRT、N-PCB同時(shí)添加至PVC中,制備了PVC/GRT/N-PCB復(fù)合材料。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:添加5phr GMA修飾的GRT、30phr N-PCB及10phr E-44的PVC/N-PCB復(fù)合材料與純PVC相比,復(fù)合材料拉伸強(qiáng)度、斷裂伸長率、彎曲強(qiáng)度及缺口沖擊強(qiáng)度相對(duì)于純PVC材料分別提高7%、44%、12%、19%,達(dá)到增韌增強(qiáng)的目的。研究表明,GRT和N-PCB均為具有應(yīng)用前景的復(fù)合物填料,可有效提高聚合物復(fù)合材料的力學(xué)性能。為GRT和N-PCB的資源化回收利用找到了一種新途徑,具有一定的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:In this paper, PVC / GRT / PVC / N-PCB and PVC/GRT/N-PCB composites were prepared by melt blending with the non-metallic powder (N-PCB) recovered from the recycled tire powder and printed circuit board (PCB) powder as fillers, which were added to the PVC / PVC composites. The effects of GRT and N-PCB on the mechanical properties of PVC composites were studied, and the optimum formula of GRT and N-PCB toughened and reinforced PVC composites was studied. PVC/GRT composites were prepared by blending GRT with different monomers of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), maleic anhydride (MAH) and acrylic acid (AA) respectively by means of open mill, and then extruded in a twin-screw extruder. The effects of the amount of recycled tire powder, monomer type and initiator on the mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. The experimental results showed that the toughness of PVC/GRT composites increased significantly with the addition of 5phr GRT under the action of DCP. On this basis, the optimum dosage of initiator DCP, graft monomer GMAand co-monomer St was investigated by orthogonal experiment. The results show that the toughening effect of PVC / GRT composites is the best when the amount of GRT is 5phr-GMA / GRT 4phr-4phr-0.15phr respectively, and the notched impact strength of PVC without GRT is increased by 26% compared with that of PVC without GRT. The results of contact angle test showed that the polarity of GRT modified with monomers was higher than that of unmodified GRT, and the polarity difference with PVC was decreased. The results showed that the surface voids and the surface compatibility of PVC/GRT composites toughened by GMA reaction were obviously reduced and the surface compatibility was improved. Therefore, GRT exhibited better toughening effect and improved notched impact strength of PVC/GRT composites. N-PCB powder was used as reinforcing filler and E-44 was added to PVC resin. The PVC/N-PCB composite was prepared by blending and extruding. The effects of the amount of N-PCB and the size of N-PCB on the mechanical properties of PVC/N-PCB composites were studied. The mechanical properties of the composites were measured by universal electronic testing machine. The experimental results showed that the tensile strength, elongation at break and bending strength of PVC/N-PCB composites with 30phr N-PCB powder and 5phr E-44 increased by 18% and 20%, respectively, compared with PVC without N-PCB. Compared with the PVC/N-PCB composites without E-44, the tensile strength, elongation at break and bending strength of the composites increased by 12% and 26%, respectively. The results showed that the interfacial interaction between N-PCB and PVC was obviously improved by adding E-44. The bond between glass fiber and PVC substrate is relatively close and the number of voids is obviously reduced. When GRT was added to PVC composites, the notched impact strength increased but the tensile and flexural strength decreased. When N-PCB was added to PVC composites, the tensile and flexural strength increased, but the notched impact strength decreased. Based on the properties of GRT and N-PCB modified PVC composites, PVC/GRT/N-PCB composites were prepared by adding GRTN PCB to PVC at the same time. The experimental results show that the tensile strength and elongation at break of the PVC/N-PCB composites modified with 5phr GMA and 10phr E-44 are higher than those of pure PVC. The flexural strength and notched impact strength of pure PVC materials are increased by 7% and 44%, respectively, in order to achieve the purpose of toughening and strengthening. The results show that both GRT and N-PCB are promising composite fillers, which can effectively improve the mechanical properties of polymer composites. It has found a new way for the recycling of GRT and N-PCB, which has certain economic benefit and social value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TQ325.3;TB33

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本文編號(hào)：1849054