西部地區(qū)碳排放交易機制構(gòu)建研究
本文關(guān)鍵詞:西部地區(qū)碳排放交易機制構(gòu)建研究 出處:《西南財經(jīng)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文 論文類型:學(xué)位論文
更多相關(guān)文章: 碳交易 碳排放交易機制 清潔發(fā)展機制 碳排放強度
【摘要】:近年來,人類過度排放溫室氣體所引發(fā)的全球氣候變化問題,以及氣候變化問題所引發(fā)的自然災(zāi)害問題正成為全球關(guān)注的熱點。目前,各國已經(jīng)認識到了大氣環(huán)境容量資源的有限性,不能無限度地排放溫室氣體,并達成較一致的共識——控制碳排放是解決當前全球氣候變化問題的必然要求!堵(lián)合國氣候變化框架公約》及《京都議定書》為締約國中的發(fā)達國家設(shè)定了溫室氣體排放額度和減排義務(wù),出于國際碳減排的壓力,許多國家紛紛探索有效的市場經(jīng)濟手段來控制碳排放。與此同時,我國國內(nèi)也把節(jié)能減排和控制碳排放強度作為“十一五”和“十二五”發(fā)展規(guī)劃的硬約束性指標,除傳統(tǒng)的行政治理手段外,迫切需要尋找一條有效的市場經(jīng)濟手段來實現(xiàn)節(jié)能減排目標。 本文正是基于這樣的一個背景,以國外理論研究和實踐經(jīng)驗為借鑒,結(jié)合我國學(xué)者的認知與探索,對碳排放交易機制進行較深入的探討和研究。大氣環(huán)境容量資源具有公共產(chǎn)品特性,為解決其公共產(chǎn)品所導(dǎo)致的外部性問題,通過明晰產(chǎn)權(quán)方式和建立排放權(quán)交易機制,是實現(xiàn)大氣環(huán)境容量資源有效配置和控制碳排放的較優(yōu)選擇。碳排放交易機制是規(guī)范碳排放交易的制度安排,核心原理是設(shè)定排放總量目標,確立排放權(quán)的稀缺性,通過無償(配給)或有償(拍賣)的方式分配排放配額(一級市場),依托有效的檢測體系、核證體系,實現(xiàn)供需信息公開化,依托公平可靠的交易平臺、靈活高效的交易機制(二級市場)實現(xiàn)環(huán)境資源的商品化,通過金融機構(gòu)的參與為市場提供充足的流動性,發(fā)揮市場的定價與資源配置功能,降低節(jié)能減排成本,提高低碳發(fā)展效率。 本文首先對國內(nèi)外對碳排放交易機制的研究進行了文獻梳理,然后碳排放交易機制的基本內(nèi)涵進行了論述,包括理論溯源、相關(guān)概念、類型;考慮到清潔發(fā)展機制在國際碳交易中的重要作用以及作為我國參與碳交易的主要方式,有必要對其基本內(nèi)容給予簡要的說明,并在此基礎(chǔ)上研究并提出清潔發(fā)展機制對我國建立碳排放交易機制發(fā)揮了過渡和推動作用。國際主要碳排放交易體系早已蓬勃發(fā)展,而且取得了顯著的成效。本文主要選取了歐盟碳排放交易體系、美國區(qū)域溫室氣體減排行動以及芝加哥氣候交易所作為研究借鑒的對象。歐盟碳排放交易體系在全球碳交易市場中占據(jù)著主導(dǎo)地位,其對碳排放交易的機制設(shè)計對碳排放交易機制的構(gòu)建是很好的參考和借鑒;美國區(qū)域溫室氣體減排行動作為區(qū)域性的碳排放交易體系,則對建立區(qū)域碳排放交易機制起到了很好的示范作用。 在對國際主要碳排放交易實踐進行研究和經(jīng)驗借鑒之后,本文根據(jù)能源消費數(shù)據(jù),對西部地區(qū)11個省市的碳排放總量和碳排放強度進行了估算,并進行了比較分析,包括西部各省市之間、東中西和東北地區(qū)之間的比較。然后從清潔發(fā)展機制、碳排放交易所和重慶碳交易試點三個方面分別對西部地區(qū)碳交易現(xiàn)狀進行了說明,提出西部地區(qū)碳排放交易制度的缺失是碳交易存在的最大問題,包括法律制度、市場機制以及管理機制三個方面。另外,還對西部地區(qū)參與清潔發(fā)展機制存在的問題進行了分析,并給出建議。 然后,本文進一步分析了西部地區(qū)建立碳排放交易機制的意義和約束性,認為西部地區(qū)建立碳排放交易機制將帶來四個方面的促進作用,即有利于改善生態(tài)環(huán)境、促進低碳轉(zhuǎn)型、減少西部貧困和發(fā)揮先行減排優(yōu)勢。最后提出西部地區(qū)建立碳排放交易機制要遵循發(fā)展優(yōu)先、激勵性、漸進性和長效性的原則,并在此原則指導(dǎo)下從總量控制、覆蓋范圍、配額分配、能力建設(shè)、彈性機制五個方面進行了要素設(shè)計,并從法律、管理、市場和合作四個方面給予制度上的政策建議。
[Abstract]:In recent years , the problem of global climate change caused by the excessive emission of greenhouse gases and the natural disasters caused by climate change have become the focus of global concern . At present , countries have recognized the limitation of atmospheric environmental capacity resources , can not discharge greenhouse gases to a limited extent , and achieve a more consistent consensus _ control of carbon emissions is a mandatory requirement to address the current global climate change . At the same time , many countries have set up effective market economy instruments to control carbon emissions . In addition to traditional administrative measures , there is an urgent need to find an effective means of market economy to achieve the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction . This paper is based on the background of the research and practical experience of the foreign theoretical research and practical experience . In order to solve the external problem caused by the public goods , this paper discusses and studies the mechanism of carbon emission trading . The mechanism of carbon emission trading is the system arrangement to regulate the emission of carbon . The core principle is to set up the emission quota target , to establish the emission right . By means of the fair and reliable trading platform , the flexible and efficient transaction mechanism ( the second - level market ) can realize the commercialization of the environmental resources , and play the market ' s pricing and resource allocation function , reduce the cost of energy saving and emission reduction and improve the low carbon development efficiency . This paper firstly sorts out the research of carbon emission trading mechanism at home and abroad , then discusses the basic connotation of carbon emission trading mechanism , including theory tracing , relevant concept and type , taking into consideration the important role of clean development mechanism in international carbon trading and the main ways of participating in carbon trading . Based on the data of energy consumption , this paper estimates the total carbon emission and carbon emission intensity of 11 provinces and cities in the western region , including the comparison between China ' s western provinces and cities , East China West and Northeast China . Then , the paper analyzes the present situation of carbon trading in the western region , including the legal system , market mechanism and management mechanism , and gives some suggestions on the problems existing in the western region ' s participation in the clean development mechanism . Then , this paper further analyzes the significance and the constraint of establishing the carbon emission trading mechanism in the western region . It is believed that the establishment of the carbon emission trading mechanism in the western region will bring about four aspects , namely , it is beneficial to improve the ecological environment , promote the transformation of low carbon , reduce the western poverty and play the leading role in reducing emission reduction . Finally , it puts forward that the establishment of the carbon emission trading mechanism in the western region should abide by the principles of development priority , incentive , gradualness and long - effect . Finally , it puts forward the key elements in the five aspects of total control , coverage , quota allocation , capacity - building and elastic mechanism under the guidance of this principle , and gives the policy suggestions on the system from the four aspects of law , management , market and cooperation .
【學(xué)位授予單位】:西南財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2013
【分類號】:F205;F127
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