發(fā)布時間：2018-02-16 03:24

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 公共服務(wù) 城鎮(zhèn)化 均等化 發(fā)展對策　出處：《西藏大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：黨的十八屆三中全會提出要推進城鄉(xiāng)要素平等交換和公共資源的均衡配置，推動城鎮(zhèn)化健康發(fā)展。城鎮(zhèn)化推動城鄉(xiāng)一體化發(fā)展，要求全面放開二元制下戶籍限制問題，合理確定城鎮(zhèn)特別是大城市落戶條件，圍繞改善社會公共服務(wù)和民生，推動社會公平和正義，進一步推動改革收入分配制度，推動社會領(lǐng)域的創(chuàng)新，實現(xiàn)城鄉(xiāng)公共服務(wù)均等化。進一步提升城鎮(zhèn)化質(zhì)量，重視生活方式的城鎮(zhèn)化。城鎮(zhèn)化水平是一國或者區(qū)域經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展水平的體現(xiàn)，然而由于我國計劃經(jīng)濟體制和二元制結(jié)構(gòu)的影響，我國城鎮(zhèn)化水平和質(zhì)量不高，導(dǎo)致我國城鄉(xiāng)公共服務(wù)供給水平不均衡。城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展質(zhì)量和水平的提升必然帶動城鄉(xiāng)公共資源的合理配置，有效縮小城鄉(xiāng)差距從而實現(xiàn)城鄉(xiāng)公共服務(wù)供給均等化。城鄉(xiāng)公共服務(wù)均等化是推動社會公平正義的基礎(chǔ)，是推動城鄉(xiāng)融合發(fā)展，實現(xiàn)社會和諧發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵。城鎮(zhèn)化視域下推動城鄉(xiāng)公共服務(wù)均等化供給是當前我國社會、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展中的重要課題。基于此，本文通過對城鎮(zhèn)化和公共服務(wù)發(fā)展相關(guān)背景和基本理論進行研究，在對公共服務(wù)發(fā)展理論和城鎮(zhèn)化與公共服務(wù)發(fā)展的關(guān)系進行分析的基礎(chǔ)上，對西藏城鄉(xiāng)公共服務(wù)供給存在的問題進行分析，并從經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展模式層級、公共財政政策、財政轉(zhuǎn)移支付、制度設(shè)計角度探尋存在問題的原因，針對這些原因提出城鎮(zhèn)化視域下西藏城鄉(xiāng)公共服務(wù)均等化供給的有效途徑。實現(xiàn)這一目標必須突破二元制結(jié)構(gòu)，構(gòu)建社會保障機制，并對財政機制進行改革，在此基礎(chǔ)上，針對公共服務(wù)供給的基本問題進行對策選擇分析。文章從多個角度對城鎮(zhèn)化視域下西藏城鄉(xiāng)公共服務(wù)均等化提出建議及對策。 文章共分為六章： 第一章，主要對城鎮(zhèn)化視域下公共服務(wù)研究的背景、意義進行分析，并對國內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究成果進行綜述，并對基本研究思路和方法進行明確，明確理論研究預(yù)期和創(chuàng)新點，并對該研究可能存在的不足進行分析。 第二章，主要對城鎮(zhèn)化和公共服務(wù)進行界定，并分析了城鎮(zhèn)化視域下公共服務(wù)的理論基礎(chǔ)，文章認為，城鎮(zhèn)化能夠有效推動城鄉(xiāng)融合發(fā)展，而公共服務(wù)是指政府為了確保社會公平公正，向所有社會成員提供的包含著價值判斷、無差異性的、能夠有效滿足社會公眾所需要的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)。城鎮(zhèn)化視域下公共服務(wù)的發(fā)展理論涵蓋了公共產(chǎn)品理論、新公共服務(wù)理論、城鄉(xiāng)關(guān)系理論以及公共服務(wù)均等化理論。 第三章，主要分析了城鎮(zhèn)化及其對策與公共服務(wù)的契合，提出城鎮(zhèn)化視域下西藏城鄉(xiāng)公共服務(wù)均等化發(fā)展對策。城鎮(zhèn)化推動人類生產(chǎn)與生活方式由農(nóng)村型向城鎮(zhèn)化轉(zhuǎn)向，實現(xiàn)城鄉(xiāng)融合發(fā)展。城鎮(zhèn)化的發(fā)展就是要打破城鄉(xiāng)二元制結(jié)構(gòu)，從而實現(xiàn)城鄉(xiāng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)和社會資源配置的均等化，為城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展提供物質(zhì)保障。城鎮(zhèn)化視域下西藏公共服務(wù)的發(fā)展的目標同樣需要建立城鄉(xiāng)居民社會保障體系的均等化。城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展和質(zhì)量的提升能夠有效加快城鄉(xiāng)公共服務(wù)均等化，這主要從農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、城鄉(xiāng)公共服務(wù)提供能力、城鄉(xiāng)社會保障能力的角度推動。 第四章，主要分析了城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展背景下西藏城鄉(xiāng)公共服務(wù)供給的現(xiàn)狀、不足和原因。具體而言，西藏城鄉(xiāng)義務(wù)教育存在經(jīng)費投入不均衡，城鄉(xiāng)師資力量分配不均，導(dǎo)致義務(wù)教育不均，城鄉(xiāng)入學(xué)率存在差距；在城鄉(xiāng)醫(yī)療服務(wù)上，經(jīng)費投入和醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生公共資源分布不均；在社會保障機制上，城鄉(xiāng)社會保險、社會救助和社會福利均存在差距。這些差距導(dǎo)致了西藏城鄉(xiāng)公共服務(wù)的不平衡。造成這種不均衡的原因首先在于西藏經(jīng)濟社會是非典型二元制結(jié)構(gòu)社會，這對公共產(chǎn)品供給的影響十分深遠；其次，西藏區(qū)域發(fā)展不平衡給西藏農(nóng)牧區(qū)公共服務(wù)供給帶來極大的挑戰(zhàn)，同時西藏的地理自然環(huán)境決定了公共服務(wù)供給成本的不同，政府服務(wù)能力加上分稅制改革后轉(zhuǎn)移支付制度的不足最終導(dǎo)致西藏城鄉(xiāng)公共服務(wù)供給的不均衡。 第五章，針對西藏城鄉(xiāng)公共服務(wù)供給存在的問題，從城鎮(zhèn)化背景入手，認為推動城鄉(xiāng)供給均衡化、均等化是城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展的必然要求，也有利于推動城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)。在制度設(shè)計上，應(yīng)突破城鄉(xiāng)二元制，實現(xiàn)城鄉(xiāng)公共服務(wù)一體化；改革財政制度，為西藏城鄉(xiāng)公共服務(wù)均等化供給提供支撐；構(gòu)建西藏城鄉(xiāng)公共服務(wù)城鄉(xiāng)均等化保障機制。具體而言，應(yīng)打破城鄉(xiāng)二元制結(jié)構(gòu)，建立以鄉(xiāng)村為中心的公共服務(wù)供給制度，，將公共資源更多的向鄉(xiāng)村傾斜，完善公共財政制度，改革轉(zhuǎn)移支付制度并強化監(jiān)管。將公共資源更多的投放到公共服務(wù)較為落后的鄉(xiāng)村，投放到關(guān)系民生的各個領(lǐng)域中，并積極構(gòu)建基于公共服務(wù)為基礎(chǔ)的政府績效考核機制，將城鄉(xiāng)公共服務(wù)共計均等化作為政府考核的重要方面，提升和強化政府公共服務(wù)水平，推動服務(wù)型政府建設(shè)，并有針對性的構(gòu)建監(jiān)督機制。 第六章是結(jié)語，對全文的研究進行簡要總結(jié)。
[Abstract]:The party put forward in the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee to promote the balanced allocation of public resources between urban and rural areas, promote the healthy development of urbanization. Urbanization promote the integration of urban and rural development, completely liberalized residence restrictions two yuan system, reasonably determine the town especially the city settled conditions, improve the social public service and people's livelihood, promote social fairness and justice and to further promote the reform of income distribution system, promote the innovation of the social field, realize the equalization of urban and rural public services. To further enhance the quality of urbanization, pay attention to life style urbanization. Urbanization level is the embodiment of a country or regional economic and social development level, however, due to the impact of the planned economic system of our country and the two element structure the level of urbanization in our country, and the quality is not high, resulting in the level of urban and rural public service supply in China is unbalanced. The urbanization development quality and level The rational allocation of public resources in urban and rural areas will inevitably lead to enhance the effectiveness of narrowing the gap between urban and rural public service supply in order to achieve the equalization of urban and rural public service equalization to promote social fairness and justice, is to promote the integration of urban and rural development, the key of realizing the harmonious development of the society. The urbanization from the perspective of promoting the equalization of urban and rural public service supply is the current in our society, an important issue in the economic development. Based on this, this article through to the urbanization and the development of public service related background and basic theoretical research, on the base of analyzing the relationship between the development of public service theory and the development of urbanization and the public service, there is the Tibet urban and rural public service supply problems were analyzed. And from the level of economic and social development model, public finance policy, the fiscal transfer payment system, angle design to explore the causes of the problems, for these The reasons put forward effective way of Tibet urban and rural equalization of public service supply from the perspective of urbanization. To achieve this goal must break through two yuan structure, establishing social security mechanism, and reform of the financial system, on this basis, the basic problems in the supply of public services in the countermeasure analysis. From the view of the town the equalization of public services in urban and rural areas of Tibet from the perspective of suggestions and countermeasures.
The article is divided into six chapters.
The first chapter is mainly on the background of urbanization from the perspective of public service research, analysis of significance, and the domestic and foreign related research are reviewed, and the basic ideas and methods of clear, clear theoretical research expectations and innovation, and the lack of the analysis.
The second chapter mainly on urbanization and public services to define and analyze the public service theory, from the perspective of the urbanization, urbanization can effectively promote the integration of urban and rural development, and public service refers to the government in order to ensure social fairness and justice, to all members of the society provided contains value judgment, no difference specifically, it can effectively meet the public needs of the products and services. From the perspective of urbanization development theory of public service covers the public product theory, the new public service theory, urban-rural relations theory and the theory of public service equalization.
The third chapter mainly analyzes the combination of urbanization and Countermeasures of public service and puts forward the development countermeasures of Tibet urban and rural equalization of public services from the perspective of urbanization. Urbanization promote human production and life style from the countryside to urbanization turn, achieve integrated development of urban and rural areas. The development of urbanization is to break two yuan in urban system structure in order to achieve the equalization of urban and rural infrastructure construction and allocation of social resources, to provide material guarantee for the development of urbanization. The goal of equalization of public services for the development of Tibet's urbanization perspective also need to establish social security system for urban and rural residents. The development of urbanization and the improvement of its quality can effectively accelerate the equalization of urban and rural public services, mainly from the the construction of rural infrastructure, urban and rural public services, urban and rural social security ability angle of drive.
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本文編號：1514546