本文關鍵詞： 湄公委員會 湄公河開發(fā)機制 東南亞區(qū)域合作　出處：《南京大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：2015年11月,由中國倡議的瀾滄江-湄公河合作機制(Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Framework,簡稱瀾湄合作機制)正式建立。瀾湄合作機制包含了中國與下湄公河的所有國家,還創(chuàng)造性地將政治安全領域引入了區(qū)域合作之中。但是,新生的瀾湄合作機制仍面臨著參與國之間互信不足、信息溝通不暢、合作基礎薄弱等問題。從歷史來看,對湄公河的開發(fā)源遠流長,且在不同歷史時期均取得過輝煌成就。在此背景下,湄公河開發(fā)歷史中的成功經(jīng)驗對未來瀾湄合作機制的發(fā)展有著重要的借鑒價值。因此,對湄公河開發(fā)歷史的溯源及其重要機制的研究具有十分重要的現(xiàn)實意義。聯(lián)合國亞洲及遠東經(jīng)濟委員會(ECAFE,簡稱亞遠經(jīng)委員會)于1947年成立后,既是二戰(zhàn)后成立的隸屬于聯(lián)合國經(jīng)濟社會理事會的首個區(qū)域經(jīng)濟委員會,又是1966年前著眼于亞洲整體區(qū)域經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的唯一的區(qū)域政府間組織。亞遠經(jīng)委員會為了應對亞洲與東南亞的洪水災害,于1948年成立了就控洪與水問題合作進行統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃的亞遠經(jīng)委員會控洪局(ECAFE Bureau of Flood Control,簡稱控洪局),還于1951年首創(chuàng)了針對國際河流的控洪與水問題合作項目,并通過實地調查形成了以湄公河為治理對象的多目的河流盆地開發(fā)計劃。1957年,泰國、越南、老撾與柬埔寨成立了首個負責湄公河開發(fā)工作的東南亞區(qū)域合作組織——下湄公盆地協(xié)作調查委員會(Committee for Coordination of Investigations of the LowerMekongBasin,簡稱湄公委員會)。1964年,湄公河開發(fā)機制雖在首個"五年計劃"中取得了輝煌成果,但由于越戰(zhàn)的持續(xù)升級而日益受到美國的影響1947-1966年間,湄公河開發(fā)機制通過一系列取得豐碩成果的區(qū)域合作實踐形成了以湄公委員會為行動主體,以亞遠經(jīng)委員會及其機構為政策指導,以顧問委員會為技術支撐,結合國家、區(qū)域與跨區(qū)域三個層次的資金、物資與人員力量,并覆蓋工程技術與社會經(jīng)濟兩個宏觀開發(fā)領域的多目的河流盆地開發(fā)計劃。因此,以湄公委員會及其繼任組織為主體所開展的湄公河區(qū)域合作,迄今已有60周年歷史。同時,以湄公委員會及其繼任組織為代表所建立的湄公河開發(fā)機制,也是東南亞區(qū)域中唯一成功度過冷戰(zhàn)陰霾與地區(qū)沖突而延續(xù)至今的湄公河區(qū)域合作機制。湄公河開發(fā)機制,作為亞遠經(jīng)委員會區(qū)域(theECAFEregion)經(jīng)濟合作的"旗艦"項目與重要組成部分,實則在早期的東南亞區(qū)域合作進程中扮演了先驅者的角色。湄公河開發(fā)機制的核心地理指向在湄公河次區(qū)域,其通過在湄公河次區(qū)域開展的區(qū)域合作實踐對東南亞"區(qū)域"的構建產(chǎn)生了重要作用。同時,鑒于1947-1966年間,亞遠經(jīng)委員會、各施援國、聯(lián)合國機構、項目基金與私人企業(yè)在湄公河開發(fā)機制起源演進與區(qū)域合作中的重要作用,湄公河開發(fā)機制對東南亞"區(qū)域"的構建作用又帶有一種跨區(qū)域性質。從歷史來看,湄公河開發(fā)機制是東南亞區(qū)域合作進程中首個由亞洲人倡導并付諸實踐的區(qū)域開發(fā)機制;從組織來看,湄公委員會是誕生最早、持續(xù)最久且純粹由東南亞國家組成的圍繞湄公河進行開發(fā)的區(qū)域合作平臺;規(guī)范上,湄公河開發(fā)機制所秉持的共同參與、全體一致、共識性決策、"湄公精神"等原則規(guī)范已成為了湄公河開發(fā)與東南亞區(qū)域合作所共有的寶貴經(jīng)驗與共同規(guī)范。湄公河開發(fā)機制,作為20世紀50年代典型的由域外主導的區(qū)域合作機制,通過內化了區(qū)域特性的規(guī)范建構與區(qū)域合作實踐,成為了純粹由東南亞國家組成且主導的東南亞區(qū)域合作機制,并實則開啟了東南亞國家自20世紀60年代起所主導的,培植身份認同與區(qū)域自信的東南亞區(qū)域合作道路的序幕。因此,亞遠經(jīng)委員會所領導的湄公河開發(fā)機制是東南亞區(qū)域合作的真正起源。文章主體部分將以1947-1966年間的湄公河開發(fā)機制為研究課題,結合已有文獻與相關研究,對湄公河開發(fā)機制中的起源演變、核心項目、行動成果、制度設計、規(guī)范建構、合作特質進行探究,闡明湄公河開發(fā)機制在東南亞區(qū)域合作進程中的重要作用,并彰顯"湄公精神"等湄公河開發(fā)機制的遺產(chǎn)與特質,及其借鑒價值與現(xiàn)實意義。
[Abstract]:By November 2015, China initiative Lancang Mekong cooperation mechanism (Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Framework, referred to as Mei Lan cooperation mechanism) was formally established. Mei Lan cooperation mechanism includes all countries China and the Mekong, alsocreatively introduce regional cooperation in political and security fields. However, LAN Mei is still new cooperation mechanism faced with the lack of mutual trust between the participating countries, poor communication, cooperation and weak foundation. From the historical point of view, the development of the Mekong River has a long history, and in different historical periods have made brilliant achievements. In this background, has the important reference value of the successful experience of the development of the Mekong River in the history of the future Mei Lan the cooperation mechanism of development. Therefore, it is very important to research on the development of the Mekong River's history and its important mechanism. The United Nations Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECA FE, referred to as the sub committee) by far was founded in 1947, is set up after World War II, belonging to the first regional economic committee of the United Nations Economic and Social Council, and in 1966 before focusing on Asia overall regional economic development the only regional intergovernmental organizations. Flood disaster for Asia and the far East by the Committee in response to the Asian and Southeast Asia in 1948, set up cooperation in planning on the flood control and water sub committee of the flood control bureau far (ECAFE Bureau of Flood Control, referred to as the flood control bureau), in 1951, pioneered the flood control and water projects for cooperation of International rivers, and through field surveys formed by the Mekong River governance the object of the multi purpose river basin development plan in.1957, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos and Kampuchea established the first responsible for the development of the Mekong River work in Southeast Asia Regional Cooperation Organization - Mekong basin cooperative regulation Check committee (Committee for Coordination of Investigations of the LowerMekongBasin, referred to as the Commission).1964 years, although the development of the Mekong River mechanism in the first "Five Year Plan" has made brilliant achievements, but because of the continuing upgrade Vietnam is becoming more and more influenced by the United States in 1947-1966 years, the development of the Mekong river system formed by the Mekong Committee for action the subject through a series of fruitful regional cooperation practice, sub committee and its mechanism is by far the policy guidance, to the Advisory Committee for technical support, combined with national, regional and inter regional three levels of funds, materials and personnel strength, and covers two macro development in the field of engineering technology and social economy to the river the basin development plan. Therefore, to the Committee and its successor organization for regional cooperation in the Mekong River main development, so far has 60th anniversary history. At the same time, the Committee and its successor organization as the representative of the development of the Mekong River is the only mechanism in the area of Southeast Asia through the cold war conflict haze and continuation of the Mekong region regional cooperation mechanism. Since the development of the Mekong River Sub mechanism, as far the regional economic cooperation committee (theECAFEregion) of the "flagship" project and an important component but in the early part of the process of regional cooperation in Southeast Asia has played a pioneering role. The core of the development of the Mekong River to the geographical mechanism in the Mekong region, through the practice of regional cooperation in the Mekong subregion to carry out the construction of the Southeast Asian region have the important role. At the same time, in 1947-1966 years, by far Asia the rescue committee, China, the United Nations agencies, the important role of project funds and private enterprises in the development of the Mekong River Evolution and origin mechanism for regional cooperation in the Mekong. The development mechanism of Southeast Asian River "region" with a cross regional character. From the historical point of view, the development of the Mekong river system is the first Asian advocacy and practice of regional development mechanism in the process of regional cooperation in Southeast Asia; from the organizational point of view, is the birth of the first Mekong Committee, developed around the Mekong region the longest cooperation platform and purely by Southeast Asian nations; norms, to participate in the development of the Mekong River mechanism to uphold the unanimous decision of consensus, "the standard spirit" principle has become the development of the Mekong River and Southeast Asia regional cooperation and shared valuable experience and common norms. The mechanism of the development of the Mekong River. As a typical 1950s extraterritorial leading regional cooperation mechanism, through the construction of regional cooperation and regional characteristics of the practice norms, has become the pure by Southeast Asian countries Southeast Asian regional cooperation mechanism and the dominant, and it opened in Southeast Asian countries since 1960s led, prelude to identity and confidence cultivation area of Southeast Asia regional cooperation road. So far, sub committee led to the development of the Mekong River is the true origin of Southeast Asian regional cooperation mechanism. The main part of the article will be 1947-1966 years the development of the Mekong river system as the research subject, combined with the relevant research literature, evolution, origin of the core project, the development of the Mekong River in the mechanism of action research, system design, standard construction, cooperation characteristics study, the paper expounds the important role of the development of the Mekong River in Southeast Asia in the process of regional economic cooperation, and highlight the characteristics and heritage "the spirit of" the Mekong River development mechanism, and its reference value and practical significance.

【學位授予單位】：南京大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D733

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