本文選題：農(nóng)民工 + 二元消費(fèi)��； 參考：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：改革開放以來,隨著計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)向市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的逐步過渡,被禁錮的生產(chǎn)要素開始轉(zhuǎn)移。受益于家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包責(zé)任制的實(shí)施,農(nóng)業(yè)的生產(chǎn)效率得以大幅提升,農(nóng)村勞動力的供求關(guān)系發(fā)生了根本性變化,剩余勞動力開始了流出農(nóng)村的歷史征程。其轉(zhuǎn)移方式有體制內(nèi)和體制外兩種,體制內(nèi)主要以高等教育、城市建設(shè)征地及參軍轉(zhuǎn)業(yè)為主,而體制外則以農(nóng)民自發(fā)地外出務(wù)工為代表。農(nóng)村剩余勞動力在成為我國城鄉(xiāng)二元體制彌合受益群體的同時,也承受著城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu)演進(jìn)滯后、不徹底之痛,所以就出現(xiàn)了雖在城市生活就業(yè),但依然保持農(nóng)民身份的“農(nóng)民工”群體。農(nóng)民工,“農(nóng)民”是其身份,“工”則指其職業(yè)。這種職業(yè)與身份的脫離本身就是中國城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu)的體現(xiàn),而農(nóng)民工的這種狀況勢必會對其生活消費(fèi)造成影響。截止2014年底,我國城鎮(zhèn)化率已達(dá)到54.6%,但按戶籍人口計(jì)算,真實(shí)城鎮(zhèn)化率僅為37.1%,兩者的統(tǒng)計(jì)差異主要在于以農(nóng)民工為主體的流動人口。農(nóng)民工因其人數(shù)的龐大規(guī)模及快速增長的收入水平被眾多學(xué)者譽(yù)為消費(fèi)市場的“第三極”,再加上我國政府急于擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需以轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)增長方式的迫切要求,國內(nèi)學(xué)者有關(guān)農(nóng)民工的研究視角經(jīng)歷了由“生產(chǎn)工具”到“消費(fèi)主體”的轉(zhuǎn)移。當(dāng)下,農(nóng)民工消費(fèi)已成為國內(nèi)學(xué)界研究的一大熱點(diǎn)命題。作為社會高度關(guān)注的一個群體,農(nóng)民工在為中國經(jīng)濟(jì)高速增長做出巨大貢獻(xiàn)的同時,并未享受到城市居民的工資收入和福利待遇,這對其而言是不公平的。農(nóng)民工進(jìn)城務(wù)工后,必然會面臨個人與家庭消費(fèi)的城鄉(xiāng)空間分割狀況。由于進(jìn)城務(wù)工的暫時性及預(yù)期收入的不穩(wěn)定,農(nóng)民工出于自身與家人消費(fèi)的均衡考慮,最終形成了“進(jìn)城掙錢,回鄉(xiāng)消費(fèi)”的消費(fèi)模式,進(jìn)而引發(fā)了有關(guān)城鄉(xiāng)收入分割、城鄉(xiāng)消費(fèi)分布以及消費(fèi)行為、規(guī)模、結(jié)構(gòu)的城鄉(xiāng)差異等諸多問題,筆者將之統(tǒng)稱為農(nóng)民工消費(fèi)的城鄉(xiāng)二元性現(xiàn)象。與國內(nèi)學(xué)者單一地研究農(nóng)民工消費(fèi)水平、結(jié)構(gòu)、行為及影響因素不同,本文遵循“理論溯源—現(xiàn)狀描述—機(jī)理探析—實(shí)證分析—趨勢預(yù)判—社會效應(yīng)—對策建議”的基本思路,在翔實(shí)梳理有關(guān)農(nóng)民工城鄉(xiāng)二元消費(fèi)國內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合農(nóng)民工城鄉(xiāng)二元消費(fèi)的具體特征,以絕對收入理論和生命周期理論為建模依據(jù),聚焦于收入性質(zhì)、城市融入、身份認(rèn)同、社會保障及消費(fèi)信貸等視角,試圖探尋農(nóng)民工城鄉(xiāng)二元消費(fèi)的形成機(jī)理,進(jìn)而對二元性消費(fèi)的發(fā)展趨勢和社會效應(yīng)展開分析,最終提出彌合農(nóng)民工消費(fèi)二元性的對策建議。本文主要的創(chuàng)新性成果如下：(1)農(nóng)民工城鄉(xiāng)二元消費(fèi)的具體特征。首先,農(nóng)民工多以匯款解決其城鄉(xiāng)收入分割問題,多數(shù)農(nóng)民工匯款占收入的比例低于30%。其次,農(nóng)民工進(jìn)城之后,其個人消費(fèi)普遍增長,但就未來城鄉(xiāng)消費(fèi)分布而言,僅有25%的農(nóng)民工愿意將其收入增值的一半用于城市消費(fèi)。最后,伴隨著農(nóng)民工在城鄉(xiāng)之間“候鳥”式的遷徙,其兩棲消費(fèi)特征尤為突出。(2)農(nóng)民工城鄉(xiāng)二元消費(fèi)的形成機(jī)理。以凱恩斯的絕對收入假說和生命周期消費(fèi)理論為建�；�礎(chǔ),同時以1071份有效調(diào)研問卷為數(shù)據(jù)來源的實(shí)證分析結(jié)果表明,工資性收入比例的增長、市民身份認(rèn)同意識的增強(qiáng)、城市融入程度的加深以及消費(fèi)信貸政策的完善都有利于城鄉(xiāng)二元消費(fèi)的彌合,而預(yù)期收入增長的不穩(wěn)定以及城鎮(zhèn)社會保障體系的排斥則效果相反。以實(shí)證結(jié)論為基礎(chǔ),圍繞著體制根源、核心要素、遷徙模式、個體特征及產(chǎn)品供給五個視角凝練農(nóng)民工二元消費(fèi)的形成機(jī)理。(3)農(nóng)民工城鄉(xiāng)二元消費(fèi)的趨勢預(yù)判。2025年,我國農(nóng)民工總量有望達(dá)到峰值3億人,而農(nóng)民工未來流向區(qū)域更多地集中于重慶、陜西、河南、湖北及四川等西部省市。據(jù)本文測算,2013年農(nóng)民工的收入和消費(fèi)的GDP占比分為11.3%和5.51%,農(nóng)民工群體無疑還具有相當(dāng)?shù)南�費(fèi)潛力。就當(dāng)下而言,由于政府并不具備快速推動農(nóng)民工市民化的能力,再加之新生代農(nóng)民工的未來生活預(yù)期并非返回農(nóng)村,因此,農(nóng)民工未來消費(fèi)會更側(cè)重于城市地區(qū),但城鄉(xiāng)二元消費(fèi)短期難以徹底消除。(4)農(nóng)民工城鄉(xiāng)二元消費(fèi)的社會效應(yīng)。農(nóng)民工在對城鎮(zhèn)低端消費(fèi)作出巨大貢獻(xiàn)的同時,其匯款也已成為農(nóng)村地區(qū)的重要收入來源,而農(nóng)民工作為城鄉(xiāng)居民消費(fèi)示范效應(yīng)的中介載體,對改變傳統(tǒng)消費(fèi)觀念和提升消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)具有重要意義。同時,我們也要看到,農(nóng)民工在城市長期的“邊緣”地位,使其消費(fèi)陷入到一種兩難困境,而新生代農(nóng)民工的炫耀性與符號消費(fèi)行為的盛行,勢必會擠壓其教育型消費(fèi)開支,削弱市民化能力,從而延緩城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程。(5)彌合農(nóng)民工消費(fèi)城鄉(xiāng)二元性的對策建議。農(nóng)民工城鄉(xiāng)二元消費(fèi)的解決出路跟其最終流向有關(guān)。對于農(nóng)民工而言,要么融入城市,要么返回農(nóng)村家鄉(xiāng)。只有農(nóng)民工不陷入到城鄉(xiāng)雙重“邊緣”境地,他才有可能擺脫這種消費(fèi)困境。在農(nóng)民工未來生活的籌劃當(dāng)中,政府扮演了關(guān)鍵角色。因此,政府要切實(shí)重視農(nóng)民工的消費(fèi)困境,愿意為農(nóng)民工提供均等化的公共產(chǎn)品服務(wù),包括一系列消費(fèi)政策支撐,創(chuàng)造農(nóng)民工融入城市或返回農(nóng)村的良好氛圍,督促企業(yè)改變生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品的市民偏好,培養(yǎng)農(nóng)民工未來的消費(fèi)熱點(diǎn)。只有如此,隨著時間的積累,農(nóng)民工才有可能改變城鄉(xiāng)二元消費(fèi)的兩難困境。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, with the gradual transition from the planned economy to the market economy system, the imprisoned production factors have begun to shift. Benefiting from the implementation of the household contract responsibility system, the efficiency of agricultural production has been greatly improved, the supply and demand of rural labor has changed radically, and the surplus labor has begun to flow out of the countryside. There are two kinds of way of transfer, which are in system and outside the system. The system mainly consists of higher education, urban construction land expropriation and joining the army, while the system is represented by the migrant workers spontaneously outside the system. The rural surplus labor has become the beneficiary group in the two yuan system of urban and rural areas in China, and also bears the evolution of the two yuan structure in urban and rural areas. There is a lag and no thorough pain, so there is a "peasant worker" group, who still maintains the identity of the peasant in the city life, but the peasant worker, "farmer" is its identity, and the "worker" refers to its occupation. The separation of the occupation and identity is the embodiment of the two yuan structure in the urban and rural areas of China, and the situation of the migrant workers is bound to be born to it. By the end of 2014, the urbanization rate in China has reached 54.6%, but the real urbanization rate is only 37.1% according to the census register population. The statistical difference between the two is mainly based on the migrant workers as the main body. The peasant workers are praised by many scholars for the consumption market because of the large scale of the number of migrant workers and the rapid increasing income level. "The third pole", coupled with the urgent demand that our government is eager to expand domestic demand in order to change the way of economic growth, the research perspective of domestic scholars on migrant workers has gone through the transfer of "production tools" to "consumer subject". At the moment, the consumption of migrant workers has become a hot topic in the study of domestic academics. As a group, migrant workers have made great contributions to the rapid economic growth of China, while they do not enjoy the wages and benefits of urban residents, which is unfair to them. After migrant workers come into the city, they are bound to face the situation of urban and rural space division. The instability of income, migrant workers from their own and family consumption balanced consideration, finally formed the "go to the city to earn money, return to the rural consumption" consumption pattern, and then caused the urban and rural income segmentation, urban and rural consumption distribution and consumption behavior, scale, structure of urban and rural differences and many other problems, the author collectively referred to as the rural rural migrant workers in urban and rural areas. Two yuan phenomenon. With the domestic scholars studying the consumption level, structure, behavior and influence factors of migrant workers in a single way, this article follows the basic idea of "theoretical tracing - current description - mechanism analysis - Empirical Analysis - trend prejudgement - social effect - Countermeasures" and combing the domestic and foreign language of two yuan consumption of rural migrant workers in Xiang Shi. Based on the specific characteristics of the two yuan consumption of urban and rural migrant workers, based on the theory of absolute income and the theory of life cycle, we focus on the nature of income, urban integration, identity, social security and consumer credit, trying to explore the formation mechanism of two yuan consumption of rural migrant workers, and then to the development of two yuan consumption. Analysis of the potential and social effects, and finally put forward the countermeasures and suggestions to bridge the two yuan of migrant workers' consumption. The main innovative results of this paper are as follows: (1) the specific characteristics of the two yuan consumption of rural migrant workers in rural and rural areas. First, the migrant workers can solve the problem of urban and rural income segmentation with remittance, and the proportion of the majority of farmers' remittances to income is lower than that of 30%.. After entering the city, its personal consumption is increasing, but only 25% of the migrant workers are willing to use half of their income increment for urban consumption in terms of the distribution of urban and rural consumption in the future. Finally, the characteristics of the amphibious consumption are particularly prominent with the migrant workers' migrating between urban and rural "migratory birds". (2) the formation mechanism of two yuan consumption of rural migrant workers in rural and urban areas. The empirical analysis based on Keynes's absolute income hypothesis and life cycle consumption theory and 1071 valid questionnaires as data sources shows that the increase in wage income ratio, the enhancement of citizen identity awareness, the deepening of urban integration and the consummation of consumer credit policy are beneficial to urban and rural two. The combination of yuan consumption, the instability of expected income growth and the exclusion of urban social security system is opposite. Based on empirical conclusions, the formation mechanism of two yuan elimination fee of migrant workers is condensed around five perspectives of institutional root, core elements, migration mode, individual characteristics and product supply. (3) the trend of two yuan consumption of rural migrant workers in urban and rural areas. In.2025 years, the total amount of migrant workers in China is expected to reach a peak of 300 million people, while the future flow of migrant workers in the region is more concentrated in the western provinces and cities of Chongqing, Shaanxi, Henan, Hubei and Sichuan. According to this paper, the income and consumption of migrant workers in 2013 are 11.3% and 5.51%, and the group of migrant workers will undoubtedly have considerable consumption potential. At the moment, because the government does not have the ability to quickly promote the citizenization of migrant workers, the future life of the new generation of migrant workers is not expected to return to the countryside. Therefore, the future consumption of migrant workers will focus more on urban areas, but the two yuan consumption in urban and rural areas is difficult to eliminate in the short term. (4) the social effect of two yuan consumption of rural rural migrant workers. While migrant workers make a great contribution to the low end consumption of cities and towns, the remittance has also become an important source of income in rural areas. As an intermediary carrier of the demonstration effect of urban and rural residents' consumption, migrant workers are of great significance to change the traditional consumption concept and improve the consumption structure. "Edge" status, make its consumption into a dilemma, and the popularity of the new generation of migrant workers' ostentatious and symbolic consumption behavior will be bound to squeeze their educational consumption expenditure, weaken the citizenization capacity, and thus delay the urbanization process. (5) to bridge the two yuan of rural migrant workers in urban rural areas. The rural rural migrant workers' urban and rural two yuan consumption The solution is related to its final flow. For the migrant workers, they either merge into the city or return to the rural home. Only the migrant workers do not fall into the dual "fringe" of the urban and rural areas, can he get rid of this consumption dilemma. In the planning of the future life of migrant workers, the government plays a key role. Therefore, the government should pay more attention to it. The consumption dilemma of migrant workers is willing to provide equal public product services for migrant workers, including a series of consumer policy support, create a good atmosphere for migrant workers into the city or return to the countryside, supervise enterprises to change the public preferences of production products, and cultivate the hot spots of migrant workers in the future. Only in this way, peasant workers are accumulated with the accumulation of time. It is possible to change the dilemma of two yuan consumption in urban and rural areas.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F323.8

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10 方竹正;;《資本論》與發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)變問題研究——擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需應(yīng)向消費(fèi)需求拉動為主的發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)變[A];學(xué)習(xí)貫徹十八大精神，，堅(jiān)定中國特色社會主義理論自信——陜西省《資本論》研究會學(xué)習(xí)貫徹十八大精神暨2012年學(xué)術(shù)年會論文集[C];2012年

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1 記者 王淑娟 龔雯;居民較敢花錢,消費(fèi)拉動力強(qiáng)[N];新華每日電訊;2012年

2 記者 萬李;我地一季度投資消費(fèi)拉動強(qiáng)勁[N];山南報(bào)(漢);2013年

3 潘明朗;消費(fèi)社會為何來得如此步履蹣跚[N];第一財(cái)經(jīng)日報(bào);2007年

4 ;黃海：擴(kuò)大居民消費(fèi)是一項(xiàng)很長期的任務(wù)[N];民營經(jīng)濟(jì)報(bào);2007年

5 本報(bào)記者　趙維光 實(shí)習(xí)生 馮靖 通訊員　劉鴻娥;1.2億元煙花市場折射消費(fèi)矛盾[N];文匯報(bào);2006年

6 本報(bào)記者 吳婷;轉(zhuǎn)化率近100% 消費(fèi)券引領(lǐng)刺激消費(fèi)“第一波”[N];上海證券報(bào);2009年

7 本報(bào)評論員;大力發(fā)展文化消費(fèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)[N];鄂爾多斯日報(bào);2009年

8 葉志軍;消費(fèi)不是一“券”就靈[N];中國改革報(bào);2009年

9 田學(xué)斌;如何理性認(rèn)識消費(fèi)券[N];溫州日報(bào);2009年

10 本報(bào)記者 薛秀泓;消費(fèi)券緣何成為炒作噱頭[N];中國改革報(bào);2009年

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1 王張明;農(nóng)民工消費(fèi)的城鄉(xiāng)二元性研究[D];陜西師范大學(xué);2015年

2 王波;中國擴(kuò)大個人消費(fèi)需求長效機(jī)制的研究[D];遼寧大學(xué);2014年

3 丁剛;科學(xué)發(fā)展觀的消費(fèi)觀意蘊(yùn)——科學(xué)消費(fèi)觀的構(gòu)建與當(dāng)代中國的科學(xué)發(fā)展[D];吉林大學(xué);2010年

4 劉春義;我國居民消費(fèi)周期性波動問題研究[D];首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué);2013年

5 王敏;中國城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距對消費(fèi)需求影響研究[D];遼寧大學(xué);2011年

6 馬曉旭;江蘇省農(nóng)民消費(fèi)對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的影響研究[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2007年

7 劉險(xiǎn)峰;居民消費(fèi)影響因素及改進(jìn)對策研究[D];天津大學(xué);2011年

8 王云川;消費(fèi)需求的宏觀調(diào)控[D];四川大學(xué);2002年

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1 張欣麗;農(nóng)民工消費(fèi)能力影響因素研究[D];陜西師范大學(xué);2015年

2 項(xiàng)一鳴;從生產(chǎn)與消費(fèi)的關(guān)系論我國經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)穩(wěn)定增長[D];西安工業(yè)大學(xué);2013年

3 張然;收入倍增視角下我國消費(fèi)金融發(fā)展研究[D];新疆財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué);2015年

4 余曉龍;中國城鄉(xiāng)居民消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)證研究[D];西南大學(xué);2016年

5 宋鵬;淺析新時期我國居民消費(fèi)文化的變遷[D];大連海事大學(xué);2006年

6 夏以群;社會主義初級階段消費(fèi)文化研究[D];中共中央黨校;2004年

7 程少卿;我國城鎮(zhèn)居民消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化研究[D];鄭州大學(xué);2012年

8 喬春陽;中國居民延期消費(fèi)的成因與影響研究[D];黑龍江大學(xué);2010年

9 魏大姣;我國消費(fèi)需求制約因素的實(shí)證研究[D];暨南大學(xué);2006年

10 孫永軍;農(nóng)村消費(fèi)的影響機(jī)制及政策建議[D];東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué);2010年

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