發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-17 01:34

  本文選題：種植業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu) + 優(yōu)化　； 參考：《石河子大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：種植業(yè)的結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化是農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要內(nèi)容。處于干旱地帶的石河子墾區(qū)是典型的綠洲農(nóng)業(yè),農(nóng)業(yè)用水占有很大比重,尤其是種植業(yè),隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的快速發(fā)展,工業(yè)用水和生活用水需求的不斷增加,水資源供需矛盾日趨嚴(yán)峻。同時(shí)石河子墾區(qū)種植模式比較單一,棉花占主導(dǎo)地位。單一的種植模式帶來(lái)了諸多問(wèn)題,糧食供給不足,農(nóng)田土壤鹽堿化等問(wèn)題日益顯現(xiàn)。因此,如何在水資源短缺的情況下,實(shí)現(xiàn)種植業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化配置是推進(jìn)石河子墾區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展和人民生活水平提高的重要途徑。本文在國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究的基礎(chǔ)上,首先分析了水資源約束下種植業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的內(nèi)涵和特征,闡述了相關(guān)理論基礎(chǔ);其次,介紹了石河子墾區(qū)區(qū)域狀況和用水結(jié)構(gòu)及其變動(dòng)情況,同時(shí)分析了墾區(qū)種植業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)狀及變動(dòng)趨勢(shì),并指出當(dāng)前石河子墾區(qū)水資源仍比較匱乏,農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉用水占到總用水量的90%,而農(nóng)業(yè)用水中種植業(yè)用水占有很高比重;石河子墾區(qū)當(dāng)前種植業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)比較單一,并不是合理最優(yōu)的;依據(jù)保證糧食生產(chǎn)安全,提高水資源利用效率,實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益、生態(tài)效益和社會(huì)效益最優(yōu)化的原則,根據(jù)石河子墾區(qū)種植業(yè)發(fā)展特點(diǎn)及用水現(xiàn)狀,建立水資源約束條件下的種植業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整目標(biāo)函數(shù)及約束條件,實(shí)證分析石河子墾區(qū)種植業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整及其優(yōu)化效果,得出結(jié)論:以提高水資源利用效率,保證糧食生產(chǎn)安全和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)生產(chǎn)生活需求的前提下,石河子墾區(qū)種植業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整方向應(yīng)以小麥、玉米、棉花、油料、甜菜、瓜果為主要調(diào)整對(duì)象,擴(kuò)大小麥、豆類(lèi)、油料和瓜果的種植面積,減少玉米和棉花等耗水資源較大的農(nóng)作物的種植面積,稍微增加苜蓿為主要飼料飼料作物的播種面積,并且經(jīng)濟(jì)作物調(diào)整中仍保持著棉花這一比較優(yōu)勢(shì)作物;最后提出相關(guān)政策建議,有助于優(yōu)化墾區(qū)種植業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu),滿(mǎn)足墾區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展對(duì)糧食生產(chǎn)和各種作物的需求,有助于實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和生態(tài)效益的最優(yōu)化,提高用水效率,保護(hù)整個(gè)區(qū)域的生態(tài)環(huán)境,有助于農(nóng)戶(hù)的收入的增加,促進(jìn)石河子墾區(qū)現(xiàn)代化農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)健康發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The structure optimization of planting industry is an important content of the sustainable development of agriculture. Shihezi Reclamation area in arid zone is a typical oasis agriculture. Agricultural water use accounts for a large proportion, especially for planting. With the rapid development of economy and society, the demand for industrial water and domestic water is increasing. The contradiction between supply and demand of water resources is becoming more and more At the same time, Shihezi Reclamation area planting mode is relatively single, cotton dominates. The single planting pattern has brought many problems, such as shortage of grain supply, salinization of farmland soil and so on. Therefore, how to realize the optimal allocation of planting structure is an important way to promote the sustainable development of agriculture and the improvement of people's living standard in Shihezi Reclamation area under the condition of water resources shortage. On the basis of related research at home and abroad, this paper first analyzes the connotation and characteristics of crop structure adjustment under water resources constraints, and expounds the relevant theoretical basis; secondly, it introduces the regional situation and water use structure and its changes in Shihezi Reclamation area. At the same time, the present situation and changing trend of planting structure in reclamation area are analyzed, and it is pointed out that water resources in Shihezi reclamation area are still scarce at present, irrigation water accounts for 90% of the total water consumption, and planting water is a high proportion in agricultural water use. The current planting structure in Shihezi Reclamation area is relatively simple and is not reasonable and optimal. It is based on the principles of ensuring the safety of grain production, improving the efficiency of water resources utilization, and realizing the optimization of economic, ecological and social benefits. According to the characteristics of planting development and the present situation of water use in Shihezi Reclamation area, the objective function and constraint condition of planting structure adjustment under the condition of water resources constraint are established, and the effect of crop structure adjustment and optimization in Shihezi Reclamation area is analyzed empirically. Conclusion: in order to improve the utilization efficiency of water resources and ensure the safety of grain production and economic and social production and living needs, the planting structure of Shihezi Reclamation region should be adjusted by wheat, corn, cotton, oil, sugar beet, wheat, corn, cotton, oil and sugar. Melon and fruit as the main adjustment object, expand the planting area of wheat, beans, oil and melon and fruit, reduce the planting area of water consuming crops such as corn and cotton, and slightly increase the planting area of alfalfa as the main forage crop, And the cash crop adjustment still maintains the cotton as a comparative advantage crop. Finally, some relevant policy suggestions are put forward, which will help to optimize the planting structure in the reclamation area and meet the demand for grain production and various crops in the economic and social development of the reclamation area. It is helpful to realize the optimization of economic and ecological benefits, to improve the efficiency of water use, to protect the ecological environment of the whole region, to increase the income of farmers and to promote the sustainable and healthy development of modern agriculture in Shihezi Reclamation area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：石河子大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F326.1

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