發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-24 13:24

  本文選題：耕地保護(hù)　切入點(diǎn)：補(bǔ)償　出處：《鄭州大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：耕地具有生產(chǎn)、生活、生態(tài)等多重屬性,亦是重要的戰(zhàn)略資源,一旦開(kāi)發(fā)建設(shè),以上多數(shù)功能將會(huì)喪失。因此,耕地保護(hù)是法律義務(wù),更是政治任務(wù)。據(jù)國(guó)土資源部公布,2001年至2008年,我國(guó)耕地面積已由19.14億畝減少到18.257億畝。人地關(guān)系的矛盾也日益緊張,耕地后備資源不足,保護(hù)任務(wù)日漸沉重。就對(duì)耕地保護(hù)采取的補(bǔ)償激勵(lì)措施而言,由于對(duì)補(bǔ)償主體的界定模糊,補(bǔ)償方式的單一化,以及補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)過(guò)低且核算缺乏科學(xué)全面的方法,導(dǎo)致耕地保護(hù)者得不到應(yīng)有的經(jīng)濟(jì)補(bǔ)償和激勵(lì),耕地占用者無(wú)償或者以較低成本占用了有限的耕地,這既不利于耕地保護(hù)目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn),也影響著各利益相關(guān)者之間的和諧。且相關(guān)的補(bǔ)償法律法規(guī)與政策的缺失,也使得耕地保護(hù)補(bǔ)償工作的開(kāi)展得不到強(qiáng)有力的支撐。這些問(wèn)題的產(chǎn)生說(shuō)明了我國(guó)目前耕地保護(hù)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制的不完善。要解決此問(wèn)題,必須構(gòu)建成熟市場(chǎng)機(jī)制下的耕地保護(hù)補(bǔ)償體系,完善耕地保護(hù)制度與政策。這對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)地資源的優(yōu)化配置、保障農(nóng)民權(quán)益及有效保護(hù)耕地資源具有很重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文從耕地保護(hù)補(bǔ)償、耕地保護(hù)外部性以及農(nóng)地產(chǎn)權(quán)體系的理論研究出發(fā),通過(guò)對(duì)比國(guó)外典型國(guó)家和地區(qū)耕地保護(hù)補(bǔ)償?shù)恼�策體系、實(shí)施環(huán)境與不同的補(bǔ)償機(jī)制模式,進(jìn)而總結(jié)出可供我國(guó)借鑒的關(guān)于耕地保護(hù)補(bǔ)償?shù)亩喾N方式及全面的耕地保護(hù)補(bǔ)償價(jià)值核算體系。在此基礎(chǔ)上就當(dāng)前耕地保護(hù)補(bǔ)償?shù)目蚣荏w系,提出現(xiàn)行我國(guó)耕地保護(hù)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制的現(xiàn)狀、存在的問(wèn)題,得出農(nóng)地產(chǎn)權(quán)的缺失、政府公共財(cái)政轉(zhuǎn)移支付力度弱及補(bǔ)償法律法規(guī)的不健全等是現(xiàn)行補(bǔ)償機(jī)制存在問(wèn)題的原因。在實(shí)證部分,構(gòu)建耕地保護(hù)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制運(yùn)行效果測(cè)算的指標(biāo)體系,從數(shù)量指標(biāo)(耕地保護(hù)系數(shù))、質(zhì)量指標(biāo)(耕地產(chǎn)出效益系數(shù)等)及執(zhí)行指標(biāo)(農(nóng)戶經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán)益保護(hù)系數(shù))三方面測(cè)算現(xiàn)行補(bǔ)償政策的運(yùn)行效果,得出目前耕地保護(hù)補(bǔ)償單一的貨幣補(bǔ)償方式無(wú)法抵擋農(nóng)地非農(nóng)化巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)誘惑,也不足以彌補(bǔ)農(nóng)地減少過(guò)度使用農(nóng)藥、化肥使用量而帶來(lái)的減產(chǎn),需進(jìn)一步提高補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn),這為成熟市場(chǎng)機(jī)制下耕地保護(hù)補(bǔ)償體系的建立提供真實(shí)有效的實(shí)證基礎(chǔ)。在分析耕地保護(hù)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制效率的基礎(chǔ)上,并借鑒國(guó)外市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家耕地保護(hù)補(bǔ)償?shù)慕?jīng)驗(yàn),給出我國(guó)市場(chǎng)機(jī)制下耕地保護(hù)補(bǔ)償體系框架,采取貨幣補(bǔ)償、社會(huì)保障、農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼及技術(shù)保障等多種方式結(jié)合的補(bǔ)償,將耕地的經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、生態(tài)價(jià)值納入補(bǔ)償價(jià)值的核算中。最后給出保障該補(bǔ)償體系有效運(yùn)行的發(fā)展路徑與政策建議。
[Abstract]:Cultivated land has many attributes, such as production, life, ecology and so on. It is also an important strategic resource. Once it is developed and built, most of the above functions will be lost. Therefore, cultivated land protection is a legal obligation. It is also a political task. According to the Ministry of Land and Resources, from 2001 to 2008, the area of cultivated land in China has been reduced from 1.914 billion mu to 1.8257 billion mu. The contradiction between man and land is increasingly tense, and the reserve resources of cultivated land are insufficient. The task of protection is becoming heavier and heavier. As far as the compensation incentive measures for cultivated land protection are concerned, the definition of compensation subject is vague, the compensation method is single, and the compensation standard is too low and the accounting lacks of scientific and comprehensive method. As a result, the cultivated land protectors do not get due economic compensation and incentives, and the cultivated land occupiers occupy the limited cultivated land free of charge or at a lower cost, which is not conducive to the realization of the goal of cultivated land protection. It also affects the harmony among the stakeholders. And the related compensation laws, regulations and policies are missing, It also makes the development of cultivated land protection and compensation work without strong support. The emergence of these problems shows that the current cultivated land protection and compensation mechanism in China is not perfect. To solve this problem, It is necessary to construct the cultivated land protection compensation system under the mature market mechanism and perfect the cultivated land protection system and policy. The protection of farmers' rights and interests and the effective protection of cultivated land resources are of great practical significance. This paper starts from the theoretical research on the protection and compensation of cultivated land, the externality of cultivated land protection and the system of farmland property rights. By comparing the policy system of cultivated land protection and compensation in typical foreign countries and regions, the environment and different compensation mechanism models are implemented. Then it summarizes the various ways of compensation for cultivated land protection and the comprehensive accounting system of compensation value for cultivated land protection, which can be used for reference in our country. On the basis of this, the current framework system of cultivated land protection and compensation is discussed. This paper puts forward the present situation and existing problems of the compensation mechanism for farmland protection in our country, and draws the conclusion that the lack of farmland property right, The weakness of government public finance transfer payment and the unsoundness of compensation laws and regulations are the reasons for the existing problems in the current compensation mechanism. In the empirical part, the index system for measuring the operational effect of cultivated land protection and compensation mechanism is constructed. The operational effect of the current compensation policy is estimated from three aspects: quantity index (cultivated land protection coefficient), quality index (cultivated land output benefit coefficient, etc.) and executive index (peasant household economic rights and interests protection coefficient). It is concluded that the single monetary compensation method of farmland protection compensation cannot resist the huge economic temptation of farmland conversion, nor is it sufficient to compensate for the reduction of production caused by the reduction of agricultural land from excessive use of pesticides and fertilizer use, and the need to further improve the compensation standard. This provides a real and effective empirical basis for the establishment of cultivated land protection compensation system under mature market mechanism. On the basis of analyzing the efficiency of cultivated land protection and compensation mechanism, and drawing lessons from the experience of developed countries in foreign market economy, This paper gives the framework of cultivated land protection and compensation system under the market mechanism of our country, which combines the compensation of monetary compensation, social security, agricultural subsidy and technical security, etc, in order to bring about the economy and society of cultivated land. Ecological value is included in the accounting of compensation value. Finally, the development path and policy suggestions to ensure the effective operation of the compensation system are given.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F323.211

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本文編號(hào)：1658493