發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-09 19:34

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于就業(yè)能力視角的我國退役士兵就業(yè)問題研究　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 退役士兵 就業(yè)能力 就業(yè)安置 職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn) 研究

【摘要】：士兵退役安置是指國家依據(jù)一定的法律和規(guī)定,在士兵退出現(xiàn)役時(shí),對(duì)其服役期間的貢獻(xiàn)和因退役而導(dǎo)致環(huán)境條件變化對(duì)生活造成的影響給予資金和相關(guān)服務(wù)保障,是使之重返并適應(yīng)社會(huì)的一種制度安排。進(jìn)入二十一世紀(jì)以來,由于我國經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革進(jìn)一步深入,經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)有了很大變化,原有的安置政策越來越難以維持,退役士兵安置難逐漸成為日趨嚴(yán)重的社會(huì)問題。同時(shí),學(xué)術(shù)界目前的研究成果大都集中于政策及其實(shí)施的總結(jié)與探討,相對(duì)缺乏研究深度和理論高度；對(duì)退役士兵自主就業(yè)及職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)方面的研究較為缺乏；很少有對(duì)政策相關(guān)者進(jìn)行深入的調(diào)查及訪談。因此,其論述和結(jié)論缺乏實(shí)證支撐和政策實(shí)施效果分析。本文從提升就業(yè)能力的視角,應(yīng)用公共產(chǎn)品理論、人力資本收益遞增理論、就業(yè)能力理論、勞動(dòng)力市場供求理論及勞動(dòng)力市場搜尋與匹配理論,研究受社會(huì)關(guān)注度較少而社會(huì)影響力卻較大的退役士兵的就業(yè)安置存在的問題及其原因,并提出相應(yīng)的政策建議。具體的研究對(duì)象為政府扶持自主就業(yè)但不負(fù)責(zé)安排就業(yè)的義務(wù)兵和服現(xiàn)役12年以下的士官、既可以選擇由政府安排就業(yè)也可以選擇自主就業(yè)的服現(xiàn)役12年以上的士官。就業(yè)安置包括兩方面的含義,一是由人民政府安排工作,二是在地方政府扶持下領(lǐng)取一次性經(jīng)濟(jì)補(bǔ)助金后選擇自主就業(yè)。本文就所進(jìn)行的問卷調(diào)查結(jié)果進(jìn)行了實(shí)證分析,包括一般的描述性分析和基于統(tǒng)計(jì)的假設(shè)檢驗(yàn)、最小二乘回歸等手段的深入分析。通過從結(jié)果中提取的退役士兵對(duì)就業(yè)的主觀認(rèn)知指標(biāo)及客觀能力指標(biāo)進(jìn)行其特征和相互關(guān)系的研究。實(shí)證分析發(fā)現(xiàn),退役士兵除對(duì)就業(yè)的信心水平以外,其它所有的指標(biāo)都受到少量因素影響或影響因素中存在主導(dǎo)因素；士兵的各項(xiàng)客觀能力指標(biāo)之間具有更易于觀測(cè)的相互聯(lián)動(dòng)關(guān)系；士兵的主觀認(rèn)知和客觀能力方面均存在顯著的個(gè)體差異,但前者相互不影響而后者相互影響；士兵對(duì)自己專業(yè)技能的自信程度較其他主客觀指標(biāo)明顯偏低,且不易受到其他指標(biāo)的影響；士兵的主觀認(rèn)知和客觀能力之間具有潛在的相互聯(lián)動(dòng)關(guān)系。本文的實(shí)證分析,顯示了退役士兵的就業(yè)關(guān)心程度、就業(yè)需求、對(duì)提升就業(yè)能力的路徑選擇,以及自身能力所呈現(xiàn)的特點(diǎn)。在上述分析及查閱相關(guān)資料的基礎(chǔ)上,本文分析了退役士兵就業(yè)安置中存在的問題及其原因。存在的問題主要包括：退役士兵自身就業(yè)能力與其對(duì)就業(yè)的認(rèn)識(shí)不匹配、職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)與就業(yè)能力提升不匹配、原有軍事領(lǐng)域技能與市場需求不匹配；管理機(jī)構(gòu)分散,缺乏統(tǒng)一的決策協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)構(gòu)、安置主體服務(wù)欠缺,退役士兵就業(yè)積極性不高；地方政府承擔(dān)的責(zé)任大于中央政府、欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)承擔(dān)的責(zé)任大于發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)、國有單位承擔(dān)的責(zé)任大于非國有單位；退役金基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏低,服役環(huán)境差異體現(xiàn)不夠、地方一次性經(jīng)濟(jì)補(bǔ)助不合理,補(bǔ)助依據(jù)不規(guī)范；針對(duì)退役士兵安置的法律缺失,法規(guī)位階低、法律法規(guī)時(shí)滯明顯、表述缺乏針對(duì)性、安置政策與戶籍制度改革不協(xié)調(diào)等。存在上述問題的主要原因包括：退役士兵高估了自身的就業(yè)能力；職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)缺位或不到位；軍人勞動(dòng)的特殊性以及存在較高的職業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)換成本；計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)期劃定的管理權(quán)限與市場經(jīng)濟(jì)改革各方權(quán)利主體的利益多元化；政府對(duì)社會(huì)資源進(jìn)行全面的壟斷性控制；中央與地方財(cái)政負(fù)擔(dān)激勵(lì)調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制不盡合理；區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不均衡；國有單位承擔(dān)就業(yè)安置責(zé)任的單一化延續(xù)；對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)的變化估計(jì)不足、管理相對(duì)僵化；我國長期以來法制建設(shè)滯后,且社會(huì)在不停地變化,法律及配套措施只能在不斷地完善,而完善需要一個(gè)過程。為了擴(kuò)展研究思路,本文研究了美國、英國、俄羅斯、印度、意大利、澳大利亞、韓國等國對(duì)退役軍人的職業(yè)培訓(xùn)和就業(yè)促進(jìn)措施,總結(jié)了其可借鑒之處,即設(shè)立專門機(jī)構(gòu)負(fù)責(zé)退役軍人的就業(yè)工作；擁有與時(shí)俱進(jìn)的、系統(tǒng)全面、高度可操作性的促進(jìn)就業(yè)的法律法規(guī)體系；具有方式靈活、形式多樣、各具特色的教育援助與職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)；把可持續(xù)發(fā)展作為退役軍人職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)的著眼點(diǎn)等。最后,本文提出了提升退役士兵就業(yè)能力、促進(jìn)就業(yè)的政策建議。即保持軍事人力資本,對(duì)口匹配就業(yè)；重視職業(yè)培訓(xùn)宣傳,平穩(wěn)實(shí)現(xiàn)角色轉(zhuǎn)變；開展全方位的職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn),提高就業(yè)能力；理順就業(yè)安置主體之間的關(guān)系；與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展相協(xié)調(diào),改善經(jīng)濟(jì)補(bǔ)償制度；完善法律法規(guī)體系,強(qiáng)化就業(yè)管理與服務(wù)等。本文在對(duì)口匹配就業(yè)、“定制化”職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)、建立過渡性就業(yè)安置基地、設(shè)立全國退役軍人安置管理總局、出臺(tái)《退役軍人安置法》等方面做了一些嘗試。
[Abstract]:The placement of retired soldiers refers to the state according to certain laws and regulations, the demobilized soldiers, the contribution from the retirement service period and resulting effects of the environmental conditions of life caused by funding and related services, is to return to a system arrangement and adapt to the society. Since the beginning of twenty-first Century, due to the further deepening the reform of economic system, the economic situation has greatly changed, the original placement policy more and more difficult to maintain, difficult resettlement of demobilized soldiers has gradually become increasingly serious social problems. At the same time, research and Discussion on the results of the present academic circles mostly focus on the policy and the implementation of the summary, research depth and the relative lack of lack of theoretical level; Study on self employment of retired soldiers and occupation skill training; there are few of policy related investigations and in-depth interviews. Therefore, the Discussion and conclusion the lack of empirical analysis of the effect of support and policy. From the employability perspective, using the theory of public goods, the theory of increasing human capital income, employment ability theory, the labor market supply and demand theory and the labor market search and matching theory, the research of social concern and less social influence is larger the employment of retired soldiers for the existing problems and their causes, and put forward the corresponding policy suggestions. The specific research object for the government to support the independent employment but is not responsible for the placement of conscripts and the following 12 years of active duty officers, can choose employment arrangements by the government can choose self employment service for more than 12 years of employment including two non commissioned officers. In terms of meaning, one is by the people's government work arrangements, two is in the local government support for one-time financial grants after choose it This paper based on the questionnaire survey. The results of the empirical analysis, including descriptive statistical analysis and hypothesis testing based on the in-depth analysis of least squares regression methods. The results of extraction from retired soldiers subjective cognition and objective indicators of employment to study its characteristics and force index of the relationship between empirical. The analysis found that, except for the employment of retired soldiers confidence level, all other indicators have a few factors influence factors are dominant factors; with linkage relationships more easily between the objective observation ability index of soldiers; the soldiers on the subjective cognition and objective ability are significant differences, but the former is mutual while the latter does not affect the interaction of soldiers; the level of self-confidence in their professional skills than other subjective and objective indicators is obviously low, and not susceptible to To influence other indicators; with mutual interaction potential relationships between subjective and objective cognitive ability of soldiers. The empirical analysis shows that the employment of retired soldiers, degree of care, employment needs, choose the path to improve the capability of the employment characteristics, and their ability is presented. In the above analysis and inspection on the basis of relevant information in this paper, analyzes the existing employment and resettlement of demobilized soldiers. The problems and reasons of the problems mainly include: self employment of retired soldiers and their ability of employment awareness does not match the occupation skill training and employment ability does not match the original military skills do not match market demand; management mechanism of dispersion, lack of a unified coordination mechanism of decision making the main resettlement, lack of service, the employment of retired soldiers enthusiasm is not high; the responsibility of local government is greater than the central government, underdeveloped areas to bear The responsibility is bigger than the developed regions, the responsibility of state-owned units than non state-owned units; low retirement pension basic standards, service environment difference is not enough, the local one-time economy allowance subsidy basis is not unreasonable, lack of legal norms; for the resettlement of demobilized soldiers, and low rank, laws and regulations lag significantly, expressed a lack of pertinence, placement the policy and the reform of the household registration system is not harmonious. Including the main causes of the above-mentioned problems are: retired soldiers overestimate their own employment ability; lack of occupation skill training; military labor particularity and the existence of occupation the higher the conversion cost; the planned economy period designated by the management authority and the market economy reform and the interests of all subjects of rights diversification; government monopoly control of the social resources; the central and local fiscal burden incentive adjustment mechanism is not reasonable The unbalanced development of regional economy;; state-owned units bear a single job placement responsibility continuation of the economic situation changes; estimation, management is relatively rigid; China's long-term legal system is lagging behind, and social change constantly, only laws and supporting measures to improve constantly, and improve a process in order to expand the research ideas, this paper study on the United States, Britain, Russia, India, Italy, Australia, occupation training and employment of retired soldiers of South Korea and other countries to promote measures, summed up the lessons, namely the establishment of specialized agencies responsible for the employment of retired soldiers; with times, systematic and comprehensive, highly actionable the employment promotion law system; with flexible and diverse forms, distinctive education aid and occupation skill training; the sustainable development for the veterans job Industry skills training focus. Finally, this paper puts forward to promote the employment of retired soldiers, employment promotion policy recommendations. That is to maintain military human capital, occupation training, employment counterparts; pay attention to publicity, smoothly realize the role; to carry out a full range of occupation skill training, improve the employability of job placement; straighten out the relationship between subjects; coordinate with economic development, improve the economic compensation system; improve the legal system, strengthen employment management and services. In this paper, the counterpart employment, "customized" occupation skill training, the establishment of transitional employment base, the establishment of the National Veterans resettlement management administration, the introduction of "veterans placement law" has been made try.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：E263
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本文編號(hào)：1402376