晚播高密低氮條件下鉀氮比例對棉花碳、氮和抗氧化代謝的影響
發(fā)布時間：2024-12-31 23:36
棉花是世界范圍內(nèi)廣泛種植的纖維作物。中國是棉花的主要生產(chǎn)和消費國,在過去30多年間棉花產(chǎn)量最高。長江流域是我國棉花主產(chǎn)區(qū)之一,普遍采用棉花-小麥和棉花-油菜兩熟種植模式。目前過量施肥已導致棉花生產(chǎn)效益下降、環(huán)境負擔加重,成為棉花生產(chǎn)面臨的重要挑戰(zhàn)。而采用晚播、高密、低氮和一次施肥的種植模式,是解決當前棉花生產(chǎn)成本高問題的一種有效措施。然而在這種模式下,K肥相對于N肥的適宜比例仍不明確。我們推測:在這種新的棉花種植模式下,采用相同或者略高于N肥的K肥用量(KRN)可以達到穩(wěn)定棉花產(chǎn)量,從而提高植棉經(jīng)濟效益的效果。為此,我們于2016-2017年在武漢華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學進行了大田試驗。試驗采用完全隨機區(qū)組設(shè)計,設(shè)置3個K:N的比例(用量)處理[K1{K2O:N=0.8:1(168:210 kg ha-1)},K2{K2O:N=1:1(210:210 kg ha-1)}和K3{K2O:N=1.2:1(252:210 kg ha-1)}],所有肥料于棉田出現(xiàn)第一朵白花當天施用。結(jié)果表明,K2和K3的平均籽棉產(chǎn)量比K1提高了15%和16%。同時,棉花碳代謝、氮代謝、碳氮平衡和逆境代謝水平概述如下:相較于...
【文章頁數(shù)】：204 頁
【學位級別】：博士
【文章目錄】：
Abstract
摘要
List of abbreviation
CHAPTER 1 Literature Review
1.1 Cotton production and challenges in China
1.2 Worldwide potassium consumption scenario
1.3 Potassium in soil
1.4 Potassium requirement of cotton
1.5 Potassium application in cotton
1.6 Potassium (ratio) and cotton yield
1.7 Potassium (ratio) effects on cotton metabolism
1.7.1 Carbon metabolism
1.7.2 Nitrogen metabolism
1.7.3 Carbon-nitrogen balance
1.7.4 Antioxidant metabolism
1.7.5 Interaction of different metabolism and yield
1.8 Objectives of the study
CHAPTER 2 Effect of Potassium Ratio to Nitrogen on Carbon Metabolism of Cotton
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Material and Methods
2.2.1 Climatic conditions, experimental site, and plant material
2.2.2 Plant sampling
2.2.3 Measurements
2.2.3.1 Leaf morphological indices
2.2.3.2 Leaf potassium content
2.2.3.3 Carbohydrate content
2.2.3.4 Carbon metabolizing enzymes activities
2.2.3.5 Yield and yield components
2.2.4 Data analysis
2.3 Results
2.3.1 Yield and yield components
2.3.2 Leaf morphological indices
2.3.2.1 Leaf fresh and dry weight
2.3.2.2 Leaf area and specific leaf weight
2.3.3 Leaf potassium content
2.3.4 Carbohydrates content
2.3.4.1 Glucose and fructose content
2.3.4.2 Sucrose and starch content
2.3.4.3 Sucrose and starch transformation rate and sucrose/starch ratio
2.3.5 Carbon metabolizing enzymes activities
2.3.5.1 Total Rubisco and sucrose phosphate synthase activity
2.3.5.2 Sucrose synthase and soluble acid invertase activity
2.3.5.3 Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activity
2.3.6 Relationship between leaf K content and carbon metabolism
2.3.6.1 Carbohydrates
2.3.6.2 Carbon metabolizing enzymes activities
2.4 Discussion
2.5 Conclusions
CHAPTER 3 Effect of Potassium Ratio to Nitrogen on Nitrogen Metabolism of Cotton
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Material and Methods
3.2.1 Measurements
3.2.1.1 Chlorophyll
3.2.1.2 Nitrogen and nitrate
3.2.1.3 Total free Amino acids and total soluble proteins
3.2.1.4 Nitrogen metabolizing enzymes activities
3.2.2 Data analysis
3.3 Results
3.3.1 Nitrogen assimilation compounds
3.3.1.1 Chlorophyll content
3.3.1.2 Total nitrogen and nitrate content
3.3.1.3 Total free amino acids and total soluble proteins content
3.3.2 Nitrogen metabolizing enzymes activities
3.3.2.1 Nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase activity
3.3.2.2 Glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase activity
3.3.2.3 Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity
3.3.2.4 Glutamate dehydrogenase activity
3.3.3 Relationship between leaf K content and nitrogen metabolism
3.3.3.1 Nitrogen assimilation compounds
3.3.3.2 Nitrogen metabolizing enzymes activities
3.4 Discussion
3.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER 4 Effect of Potassium Ratio to Nitrogen on Carbon-Nitrogen Balance of Cotton
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Material and Methods
4.2.1 Measurement
4.2.1.1 Total carbon
4.2.1.2 Total soluble sugars
4.2.1.3 Amino acids pool
4.2.1.4 Adenosine triphosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
4.2.1.5 Calculation of different ratios
4.2.1.6 C-N metabolizing enzymes activities
4.2.2 Data analysis
4.3 Results
4.3.1 C-N assimilation compounds
4.3.1.1 Total carbon and total soluble sugar content
4.3.1.2 NADH and NAD+ content
4.3.1.3 NADH/NAD+ ratio and ATP content
4.3.1.4 C/N ratio and total soluble sugars/total free amino acids ratio
4.3.2 C-N metabolizing enzymes activities
4.3.2.1 SPS, SAI, NR, and GOGAT activity
4.3.2.2 Phospho enolpyruvate carboxylate and Isocitrate dehydrogenase activity
4.3.3 Amino acids pools
4.3.4 Relationship between leaf K content and C-N balance
4.3.4.1 C-N assimilation compounds
4.3.4.2 C-N metabolizing enzymes activities
4.3.4.3 Amino acids pools
4.4 Discussion
4.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER 5 Effect of Potassium Ratio to Nitrogen on Antioxidant Metabolism of Cotton
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Material and Methods
5.2.1 Measurements
5.2.1.1 Oxidative metabolites
5.2.1.2 Enzymes activities
5.2.2 Data analysis
5.3 Results
5.3.1 Oxidative metabolites
5.3.1.1 Hydrogen peroxide and glutathione content
5.3.1.2 Malondialdehyde and proline content
5.3.2 Enzymes activities
5.3.2.1 Superoxide dismutase and catalase activity
5.3.2.2 Peroxidase and ascorbic acid peroxidase activity
5.3.3 Relationship between leaf K content and antioxidant metabolism
5.3.3.1 Oxidative metabolites
5.3.3.2 Enzymes activities
5.4 Discussion
5.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER 6 Discussion and Conclusion
6.1 Discussion
6.1.1 Carbon metabolism
6.1.2 Nitrogen metabolism
6.1.3 Carbon-Nitrogen balance
6.1.4 Antioxidant metabolism
6.1.5 Interaction of different metabolism
6.2 Conclusion
6.3 Innovation
6.4 Future work
References
List of publications
Acknowledgement
本文編號：4021707
【文章頁數(shù)】：204 頁
【學位級別】：博士
【文章目錄】：
Abstract
摘要
List of abbreviation
CHAPTER 1 Literature Review
1.1 Cotton production and challenges in China
1.2 Worldwide potassium consumption scenario
1.3 Potassium in soil
1.4 Potassium requirement of cotton
1.5 Potassium application in cotton
1.6 Potassium (ratio) and cotton yield
1.7 Potassium (ratio) effects on cotton metabolism
1.7.1 Carbon metabolism
1.7.2 Nitrogen metabolism
1.7.3 Carbon-nitrogen balance
1.7.4 Antioxidant metabolism
1.7.5 Interaction of different metabolism and yield
1.8 Objectives of the study
CHAPTER 2 Effect of Potassium Ratio to Nitrogen on Carbon Metabolism of Cotton
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Material and Methods
2.2.1 Climatic conditions, experimental site, and plant material
2.2.2 Plant sampling
2.2.3 Measurements
2.2.3.1 Leaf morphological indices
2.2.3.2 Leaf potassium content
2.2.3.3 Carbohydrate content
2.2.3.4 Carbon metabolizing enzymes activities
2.2.3.5 Yield and yield components
2.2.4 Data analysis
2.3 Results
2.3.1 Yield and yield components
2.3.2 Leaf morphological indices
2.3.2.1 Leaf fresh and dry weight
2.3.2.2 Leaf area and specific leaf weight
2.3.3 Leaf potassium content
2.3.4 Carbohydrates content
2.3.4.1 Glucose and fructose content
2.3.4.2 Sucrose and starch content
2.3.4.3 Sucrose and starch transformation rate and sucrose/starch ratio
2.3.5 Carbon metabolizing enzymes activities
2.3.5.1 Total Rubisco and sucrose phosphate synthase activity
2.3.5.2 Sucrose synthase and soluble acid invertase activity
2.3.5.3 Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activity
2.3.6 Relationship between leaf K content and carbon metabolism
2.3.6.1 Carbohydrates
2.3.6.2 Carbon metabolizing enzymes activities
2.4 Discussion
2.5 Conclusions
CHAPTER 3 Effect of Potassium Ratio to Nitrogen on Nitrogen Metabolism of Cotton
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Material and Methods
3.2.1 Measurements
3.2.1.1 Chlorophyll
3.2.1.2 Nitrogen and nitrate
3.2.1.3 Total free Amino acids and total soluble proteins
3.2.1.4 Nitrogen metabolizing enzymes activities
3.2.2 Data analysis
3.3 Results
3.3.1 Nitrogen assimilation compounds
3.3.1.1 Chlorophyll content
3.3.1.2 Total nitrogen and nitrate content
3.3.1.3 Total free amino acids and total soluble proteins content
3.3.2 Nitrogen metabolizing enzymes activities
3.3.2.1 Nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase activity
3.3.2.2 Glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase activity
3.3.2.3 Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity
3.3.2.4 Glutamate dehydrogenase activity
3.3.3 Relationship between leaf K content and nitrogen metabolism
3.3.3.1 Nitrogen assimilation compounds
3.3.3.2 Nitrogen metabolizing enzymes activities
3.4 Discussion
3.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER 4 Effect of Potassium Ratio to Nitrogen on Carbon-Nitrogen Balance of Cotton
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Material and Methods
4.2.1 Measurement
4.2.1.1 Total carbon
4.2.1.2 Total soluble sugars
4.2.1.3 Amino acids pool
4.2.1.4 Adenosine triphosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
4.2.1.5 Calculation of different ratios
4.2.1.6 C-N metabolizing enzymes activities
4.2.2 Data analysis
4.3 Results
4.3.1 C-N assimilation compounds
4.3.1.1 Total carbon and total soluble sugar content
4.3.1.2 NADH and NAD+ content
4.3.1.3 NADH/NAD+ ratio and ATP content
4.3.1.4 C/N ratio and total soluble sugars/total free amino acids ratio
4.3.2 C-N metabolizing enzymes activities
4.3.2.1 SPS, SAI, NR, and GOGAT activity
4.3.2.2 Phospho enolpyruvate carboxylate and Isocitrate dehydrogenase activity
4.3.3 Amino acids pools
4.3.4 Relationship between leaf K content and C-N balance
4.3.4.1 C-N assimilation compounds
4.3.4.2 C-N metabolizing enzymes activities
4.3.4.3 Amino acids pools
4.4 Discussion
4.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER 5 Effect of Potassium Ratio to Nitrogen on Antioxidant Metabolism of Cotton
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Material and Methods
5.2.1 Measurements
5.2.1.1 Oxidative metabolites
5.2.1.2 Enzymes activities
5.2.2 Data analysis
5.3 Results
5.3.1 Oxidative metabolites
5.3.1.1 Hydrogen peroxide and glutathione content
5.3.1.2 Malondialdehyde and proline content
5.3.2 Enzymes activities
5.3.2.1 Superoxide dismutase and catalase activity
5.3.2.2 Peroxidase and ascorbic acid peroxidase activity
5.3.3 Relationship between leaf K content and antioxidant metabolism
5.3.3.1 Oxidative metabolites
5.3.3.2 Enzymes activities
5.4 Discussion
5.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER 6 Discussion and Conclusion
6.1 Discussion
6.1.1 Carbon metabolism
6.1.2 Nitrogen metabolism
6.1.3 Carbon-Nitrogen balance
6.1.4 Antioxidant metabolism
6.1.5 Interaction of different metabolism
6.2 Conclusion
6.3 Innovation
6.4 Future work
References
List of publications
Acknowledgement
本文編號：4021707
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