本文關(guān)鍵詞：中國石油產(chǎn)業(yè)的市場開放與政府管制研究，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

中國石油產(chǎn)業(yè)的市場開放與政府管制研究 Market opening and government regulation of oil industry in China

作者：林健民 作者本人請(qǐng)參看權(quán)利申明

導(dǎo)師姓名：李卓

學(xué)位授予單位：武漢大學(xué)

授予學(xué)位：博士

學(xué)位年度：2012

專業(yè)：世界經(jīng)濟(jì)

關(guān)鍵詞：

摘要:

隨同著我國改造開放過程,我國的石油家當(dāng)?shù)闹卫眢w系體例產(chǎn)生了嚴(yán)重轉(zhuǎn)變,完成了從高度集中的籌劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體系體例向社會(huì)主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體系體例改變,石油家當(dāng)市場慢慢開放,從關(guān)閉或半關(guān)閉狀況向周全開放改變,初步構(gòu)成了市場運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的機(jī)制。但我國石油市場是籌劃經(jīng)濟(jì)的產(chǎn)品,初始的市場構(gòu)造是經(jīng)由過程行政敕令、資本劃撥構(gòu)成的,仍缺少有用運(yùn)作的競爭機(jī)制。與此同時(shí),我國石油對(duì)外依存度連續(xù)降低,經(jīng)濟(jì)成長對(duì)石油的需乞降依附度進(jìn)一步增長,在面臨陸續(xù)進(jìn)入我國的國外年夜石油公司的競爭下,若何優(yōu)化我國石油家當(dāng)治理,進(jìn)一步完美石油家當(dāng)市場構(gòu)造,進(jìn)步我國石油企業(yè)的國際競爭才能和石油資本設(shè)置裝備擺設(shè)效力,保證我國動(dòng)力平安,是火燒眉毛的嚴(yán)重成績。本文容身于世界相干實(shí)際和理論的靜態(tài)、我國經(jīng)濟(jì)體系體例成長與改造的汗青過程、國際外石油家當(dāng)成長狀態(tài)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與實(shí)證等多條理的視角,并在家當(dāng)組織學(xué)、管束經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)等經(jīng)典實(shí)際的指導(dǎo)下,對(duì)中國石油家當(dāng)?shù)氖袌鲩_放與當(dāng)局管束停止研討,對(duì)我國石油家當(dāng)成長有側(cè)重年夜的計(jì)謀意義和實(shí)際意義。本文經(jīng)由過程剖析,以為石油家當(dāng)雖存在天然壟斷特點(diǎn),但整體上具有非天然壟斷性,競爭隨同石油家當(dāng)?shù)慕?jīng)濟(jì)特征發(fā)生,石油家當(dāng)?shù)姆翘烊粔艛嘈允潜疚耐Ｖ寡杏懙倪壿嫿K點(diǎn)。一是對(duì)國際石油家當(dāng)?shù)氖袌鲩_放與當(dāng)局管束停止研討。經(jīng)由過程剖析國際石油家當(dāng)?shù)某砷L汗青、近況及趨向,總結(jié)國外石油家當(dāng)當(dāng)局管束及市場開放的特點(diǎn)和經(jīng)歷,對(duì)指點(diǎn)我國石油家當(dāng)成長有側(cè)重要的感化,為我國石油家當(dāng)?shù)某砷L指清楚明了偏向。石油資本的治理體系體例是石油家當(dāng)治理體系體例的重要構(gòu)成部門,列國治理形式可以分為集中治理形式、絕對(duì)集中治理形式和疏散治理形式,重要以集中形式為主,當(dāng)局治理本能機(jī)能廣泛較強(qiáng)。世界石油工業(yè)體系重要可以分為東方產(chǎn)油國以公有為主的市場型、東方產(chǎn)油國以國度為主導(dǎo)、成長中國度國度壟斷、東方非產(chǎn)油國國度介入以市場主導(dǎo)型等四種。而依據(jù)當(dāng)局與國度石油公司的關(guān)系,世界列國石油資本運(yùn)營治理形式可以分為無國度石油公司由當(dāng)局機(jī)構(gòu)治理石油資本、有國度石油公司但不參與石油資本治理、國度石油公司協(xié)助當(dāng)局行使部門治理權(quán)柄、國度石油公司兼行石油資本治理、國度石油公司壟斷石油下游家當(dāng)并行使石油資本治理等五種形式,世界列國為了確保石油這一計(jì)謀資本的平安,均表現(xiàn)了當(dāng)局對(duì)石油家當(dāng)?shù)墓苁?各個(gè)國度因?yàn)樗�處的汗青時(shí)代和成長程度分歧,管束及市場開放程度也有所分歧。經(jīng)由過程多方面剖析,可以發(fā)明各重要產(chǎn)油國度年夜多制訂石油律例,并依法設(shè)立絕對(duì)自力的石油家當(dāng)管束構(gòu)造。世界石油家當(dāng)由寡頭壟斷格式轉(zhuǎn)向壟斷競爭格式,競爭情勢和主體將加倍多樣化和多元化,市場壟斷競爭趨向顯著。二是經(jīng)由過程剖析我國石油家當(dāng)當(dāng)局管束和運(yùn)營形式的汗青,有助于我們掌握我國石油家當(dāng)成長所處的汗青階段和存在的成績。我國當(dāng)局對(duì)石油家當(dāng)?shù)墓苁�演化和家�?dāng)組織變遷及市場開放進(jìn)程可以劃分為四個(gè)階段,歷次改造和調(diào)劑,重點(diǎn)都是對(duì)石油家當(dāng)市場構(gòu)造的重組,在必定水平上打破了壟斷、引入了競爭,家當(dāng)市場整體上是在慢慢開放的。今朝,我國石油儲(chǔ)量整體呈上升趨向,原油產(chǎn)物增加較為遲緩,但跟著我國原油加工才能和制品油加工才能的賡續(xù)晉升,原油加工量、制品油產(chǎn)量及原油出口量疾速增加,原油對(duì)外依存度連續(xù)上升。同時(shí),石油花費(fèi)量穩(wěn)步增加,而且我國公民經(jīng)濟(jì)成長對(duì)石油及其產(chǎn)物的需求仍將堅(jiān)持較高的增加速度；經(jīng)由過程對(duì)我國石油家當(dāng)市場集中度目標(biāo)的盤算,發(fā)明我國石油家當(dāng)市場構(gòu)造由籌劃治理體系體例下的行政壟斷逐步向市場機(jī)制下的寡頭競爭改變,但我國石油家當(dāng)?shù)倪M(jìn)入壁壘依然比擬高,市場有待進(jìn)一步開放,石油家當(dāng)資本設(shè)置裝備擺設(shè)效力在改良但依然較低,仍具有行政壟斷的特點(diǎn),行政壟斷形成了社會(huì)福利喪失。三是剖析我國石油家當(dāng)當(dāng)局管束存在的成績和論述石油家當(dāng)市場開放和調(diào)劑當(dāng)局管束的目標(biāo)。改造開放以來我國石油家當(dāng)治理體系體例變更頻仍,石油政策缺少持續(xù)性；法制扶植絕對(duì)落伍,對(duì)石油家當(dāng)管束缺少完全司法框架；治理形式絕對(duì)疏散,缺少同一的石油家當(dāng)治理機(jī)構(gòu),缺乏標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的法式,治理本能機(jī)能弱化,微觀調(diào)掌握度不完美,調(diào)控手腕缺少；另外,當(dāng)局監(jiān)視無限,石油家當(dāng)監(jiān)管系統(tǒng)、價(jià)錢機(jī)制不健全。在我國石油家當(dāng)仍具有行政壟斷特點(diǎn)的配景下,調(diào)劑當(dāng)局管束的進(jìn)程也是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)當(dāng)局行動(dòng)的進(jìn)程。為了進(jìn)一步進(jìn)步中國石油家當(dāng)?shù)娜�體競爭力,須要以加強(qiáng)市場的有用競爭為重點(diǎn),以培養(yǎng)有競爭力的市場主體為焦點(diǎn),為更多的市場主體生長發(fā)明更好的政策情況,進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化石油家當(dāng)?shù)氖袌鰳?gòu)造。而有次序地開放石油市場也能夠進(jìn)步國際石油供應(yīng),減緩石油供需抵觸,有益于改良社會(huì)福利。四是提出我國石油家當(dāng)市場開放及當(dāng)局管束調(diào)劑的目的和門路,為我國石油家當(dāng)?shù)母脑旃┙o決議計(jì)劃建議,有益于進(jìn)步國度對(duì)石油家當(dāng)?shù)闹卫沓潭�、有益于進(jìn)步我國石油企業(yè)的競爭力、有益于進(jìn)步我國石油家當(dāng)?shù)某砷L程度、有益于我國市場經(jīng)濟(jì)系統(tǒng)的完美和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的成長。我國石油家當(dāng)停止市場開放和當(dāng)局管束調(diào)劑要保持相符國情、權(quán)柄法定、經(jīng)濟(jì)效力、社會(huì)公共好處、公正競爭和兼顧統(tǒng)籌的準(zhǔn)繩。停止當(dāng)局管束調(diào)劑既要完美治理體系體例,樹立自力的石油家當(dāng)監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu),完美石油家當(dāng)管束的司法系統(tǒng),又要細(xì)分家當(dāng)構(gòu)造、恰當(dāng)抓緊管束,并樹立高效的價(jià)錢機(jī)制。而家當(dāng)組織構(gòu)造優(yōu)化的目的則是樹立包管國際絕對(duì)壟斷位置的寡頭競爭市場構(gòu)造,這相符世界石油家當(dāng)?shù)某砷L趨向,也是進(jìn)步我國石油家當(dāng)效力和國際競爭力的須要。壟斷競爭的市場構(gòu)造構(gòu)建步調(diào)可以分兩步停止,起首持續(xù)加年夜國有石油公司的重組力度,在涌現(xiàn)了有用競爭的局勢后,積極擴(kuò)展開放,加速石油家當(dāng)?shù)氖袌龌�過程。構(gòu)建壟斷競爭的市場構(gòu)造的重要辦法則是攤開進(jìn)入壁壘,引入競爭機(jī)制,增強(qiáng)國度石油公司的競合,并經(jīng)由過程優(yōu)化企業(yè)市場行動(dòng)來加強(qiáng)我國石油企業(yè)的國度競爭力。本文還拔取了長慶油田作為案例對(duì)其市場開放的勝利經(jīng)歷停止了剖析。長慶油田經(jīng)由過程開放市場、引入市場競爭機(jī)制,強(qiáng)化競爭、依附市場設(shè)置裝備擺設(shè)資本,立異體系體例、推進(jìn)資本優(yōu)勢整合,立異技巧、構(gòu)成壯大臨盆動(dòng)力,立異治理、力促成長方法改變,使長慶油田開辟獲得了可喜的造詣,完成了勘察開辟的高程度和高效益,成為最近幾年來我國成長速度最快的油田。這是我國石油家當(dāng)市場開放的縮影,為國度制訂家當(dāng)管束政策,增進(jìn)市場開放和家當(dāng)組織調(diào)劑,進(jìn)步我國石油資本開辟應(yīng)用效力供給了名貴的自創(chuàng)意義和推進(jìn)感化。

Abstract:

Along with China's reform and opening up process, China's oil belongings governance systems produced serious change, completed the change from the highly centralized planned economic system to the socialist market economic system, oil furniture market gradually opening up, from a closed or semi closed state to comprehensive and open change, initially formed a market operation mechanism. But China's oil market is the product of the planned economy, the initial market structure is through the process of administrative decree, capital allocation which, there is a lack of effective operation of competition mechanism. At the same time, China's dependence on foreign oil is continuously reduced, economic growth on oil demand and further increase the degree of attachment, in the face of gradually to enter the competition in China's foreign big oil companies, how to optimize governance of China's petroleum possessions, further perfect furniture city oil field is constructed, progress China petroleum enterprise international competition ability and oil capital equipment effectiveness, ensure the safety of China's power is in imminent danger of serious problems. Under the guidance of the shelter in the world coherent from the perspective of the historical process of the theory and practice of static, our country economic system growth and transformation, international oil belongings growth state and standard and empirical multi-level, and belongings of organization learning, bundle economics classical theory, oil to China furniture market opening and authorities bundle research, focusing on the eve of the strategic significance and practical significance to our country petroleum belongings growth. This article through the analysis that, although the existence of natural monopoly characteristic of petroleum possessions, but on the whole with non natural monopoly, competition along with the economic characteristics of the petroleum belongings occurs, the oil of belongings of non natural monopoly is this article to study the logical end. One is to use the international oil market opening and governmental regulation research. Through the analysis of the process of international petroleum possessions of the development history, current situation and trends, summarize characteristics and experiences of foreign oil Dangdang Bureau tube bundle and the opening of the market, to guide our country petroleum belongings growth has main effect, for the growth of China's oil belongings to clear bias. Oil capital governance systems is oil belongings management system an important component of the Department, the governance mode of the nations can points concentrated forms of governance, absolute concentration forms of governance and governance form evacuation, important to form concentrated mainly, authority management function are strong. The world petroleum industry system important can be classified as the Eastern oil producers in taking the public ownership as the market type, the East oil producer in the country's leading, growing Chinese state monopoly, Oriental non oil producing country intervention to market led four. And according to the relationship between the authorities and the state oil company, world oil capital operation management can be divided into non national oil companies by government agencies, the national capital management petroleum oil company but does not participate in the oil capital management, the state oil company to assist the authorities to exercise authority, national oil sector governance and oil capital management, the state oil company monopoly downstream oil oil capital governance parallel property in five forms, all countries in the world in order to ensure that this strategy of oil capital of peace, showed the authorities to use the oil control, countries because of historical era and the growing degree of divergence, bundle and market opening degree is also different. Through the process analysis, can find the important oil producing countries of the eve of the multi formulate laws and regulations of the oil, and established in accordance with the law absolutely independent oil belongings bundle structure. World oil possessions by the oligarchic monopoly format to format of monopolistic competition, competition situation and the subject will redouble its diversification, the monopolistic competitive market trend significantly. The second is through the analysis of the process of Chinese Petroleum Bureau of Dangdang bundle and operation forms of history helps us to master our country petroleum belongings growth stage of history and the existing problems. Chinese authorities on oil possessions of the bundle evolution and belongings of organizational change and market opening process can be divided into four stages, the previous transformation and adjustment, the focus is on restructuring of petroleum belongings of market structure in must level break the monopoly, introduce competition, furniture market as a whole is slowly open. Today, China's petroleum reserves, the overall upward trend, the crude oil products increased more slowly, but as China's crude oil processing capacity and product oil processing to ceaseless promotion, crude oil processing volume, product oil crude oil production and export volume rapid growth, dependence on foreign oil is continuous rise. At the same time, the oil consumption has increased steadily, and our national economy growth demand for petroleum and its products will still maintain a relatively high rate of increase; via the process of China's petroleum market and possessions centralized planned objectives, the invention of China Petroleum belongings market structure by planning management system, systems of administrative monopoly gradually to the oligopoly competition market mechanism change, but our country petroleum belongings barriers to entry is still relatively high, the market remains to be further open, oil belongings capital set furnishings and equipment effectiveness in improving but still low, still has the characteristics of administrative monopoly, administrative monopoly formed social welfare loss. The three is the analysis of the oil in China's National Bureau of the existence of the results and the theory of...

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摘要5-8Abstract8-121 導(dǎo)論19-37    1.1 研究背景與研究意義19-22        1.1.1 研究背景與問題的提出19-21        1.1.2 選題的理論意義與現(xiàn)實(shí)意義21-22    1.2 文獻(xiàn)綜述22-33        1.2.1 國內(nèi)外政府管制研究22-24        1.2.2 國內(nèi)外產(chǎn)業(yè)市場開放研究24-26        1.2.3 產(chǎn)業(yè)組織理論的演進(jìn)26-29        1.2.4 國外學(xué)者對(duì)石油產(chǎn)業(yè)的研究29-30        1.2.5 國內(nèi)學(xué)者對(duì)石油產(chǎn)業(yè)的研究30-33    1.3 研究方法及研究內(nèi)容33-36        1.3.1 研究視角與研究方法33-34        1.3.2 基本思路與研究內(nèi)容34-36    1.4 創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)與不足36-372 市場開放與政府管制的相關(guān)理論37-55    2.1 石油產(chǎn)業(yè)與石油產(chǎn)業(yè)的壟斷性37-45        2.1.1 石油產(chǎn)業(yè)37-38        2.1.2 石油產(chǎn)業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)特征38-41        2.1.3 壟斷和壟斷性行業(yè)41-43        2.1.4 石油產(chǎn)業(yè)的自然壟斷特征和非自然壟斷性43-45    2.2 政府管制的內(nèi)涵及理論依據(jù)45-49        2.2.1 政府管制的內(nèi)涵45-47        2.2.2 規(guī)范性理論依據(jù)——公共利益管制理論47-48        2.2.3 實(shí)證性理論依據(jù)——利益集團(tuán)管制理論48-49    2.3 市場開放相關(guān)理論49-53        2.3.1 實(shí)踐中政府管制存在的問題及放松管制49-52        2.3.2 新自由主義的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論與社會(huì)主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)理論52-53    2.4 本章小結(jié)53-553 國際石油產(chǎn)業(yè)市場開放與政府管制55-77    3.1 世界石油產(chǎn)業(yè)及產(chǎn)業(yè)組織發(fā)展55-59        3.1.1 石油產(chǎn)業(yè)形成時(shí)期的寡頭壟斷形成55-56        3.1.2 大油田相繼發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)期的卡特爾56        3.1.3 石油產(chǎn)業(yè)黃金發(fā)展時(shí)期壟斷競爭格局初現(xiàn)56-57        3.1.4 石油產(chǎn)業(yè)緩慢發(fā)展時(shí)期的壟斷競爭格局形成57-59    3.2 世界各國石油資源管理體制模式及石油工業(yè)體系59-64        3.2.1 世界主要產(chǎn)油國家石油資源管理體制模式59-64    3.3 世界各國石油資源經(jīng)營管理模式64-67    3.4 各國石油產(chǎn)業(yè)管制程度及市場開放水平67-73        3.4.1 國家干預(yù)程度高且嚴(yán)格限制非國有資本進(jìn)入的模式67-69        3.4.2 國家干預(yù)程度高但適當(dāng)鼓勵(lì)非國有資本進(jìn)入的模式69-71        3.4.3 國家干預(yù)程度比較強(qiáng)但市場開放程度也比較高的模式71-73        3.4.4 國家干預(yù)程度相對(duì)較弱且市場開放程度比較高的模式73    3.5 世界石油產(chǎn)業(yè)政府管制及產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)特征73-77        3.5.1 制定石油法規(guī),實(shí)行立法管理73-74        3.5.2 依法設(shè)立相對(duì)獨(dú)立的石油產(chǎn)業(yè)管制機(jī)構(gòu)74-75        3.5.3 世界石油產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)特征及發(fā)展趨勢75-774 中國石油產(chǎn)業(yè)的管理體制和經(jīng)營模式的歷史分析77-108    4.1 中國石油產(chǎn)業(yè)管理體制變革下的產(chǎn)業(yè)組織變遷77-81        4.1.1 高度集中管理體制下的國家壟斷時(shí)期(1949-1982)77-78        4.1.2 石油產(chǎn)業(yè)初步改革下的寡占時(shí)期(1982-1998)78        4.1.3 石油產(chǎn)業(yè)重組階段的寡頭壟斷結(jié)構(gòu)(1998-2003)78-79        4.1.4 石油產(chǎn)業(yè)初步市場化階段寡頭競爭初現(xiàn)(2003至今)79        4.1.5 我國石油產(chǎn)業(yè)管理體制改革及產(chǎn)業(yè)組織調(diào)整的主要成就79-81    4.2 現(xiàn)行管制和市場結(jié)構(gòu)下的石油供給和需求狀況81-88        4.2.1 我國石油生產(chǎn)及消費(fèi)狀況81-85        4.2.2 我國石油需求狀況85-88    4.3 我國石油產(chǎn)業(yè)組織分析88-103        4.3.1 我國石油產(chǎn)業(yè)市場結(jié)構(gòu)88-93        4.3.2 我國石油產(chǎn)業(yè)進(jìn)入壁壘93-100        4.3.3 我國石油產(chǎn)業(yè)配置效率100-103    4.4 我國石油產(chǎn)業(yè)行政壟斷的特征及造成的社會(huì)福利損失103-106        4.4.1 我國石油產(chǎn)業(yè)的行政壟斷特征103-104        4.4.2 石油產(chǎn)業(yè)行政壟斷社會(huì)福利損失機(jī)理分析104-106    4.5 本章小結(jié)106-1085 中國油產(chǎn)業(yè)政府管制的主要問題及其成因108-121    5.1 我國石油產(chǎn)業(yè)管理體制存在的主要問題108-113        5.1.1 管制缺乏完整的法律基礎(chǔ)108-110        5.1.2 石油政策缺乏連續(xù)性110        5.1.3 政府管理職能相對(duì)弱化、監(jiān)督有限110-112        5.1.4 石油產(chǎn)業(yè)價(jià)格機(jī)制不健全112-113    5.2 成因分析113-117        5.2.1 傳統(tǒng)行政干預(yù)模式的后遺癥113        5.2.2 缺少統(tǒng)一的石油產(chǎn)業(yè)管理機(jī)構(gòu)和獨(dú)立的監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)113-116        5.2.3 石油產(chǎn)業(yè)缺乏市場機(jī)制116-117    5.3 市場開放與政府管制調(diào)整的提出117-120        5.3.1 進(jìn)一步完善市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的需要117        5.3.2 規(guī)范政府行為的需要117-118        5.3.3 優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)組織的需要118        5.3.4 改善社會(huì)福利的需要118-120    5.4 本章小結(jié)120-1216 中國石油產(chǎn)業(yè)市場開放與政府管制調(diào)整121-140    6.1 市場開放與政府管制調(diào)整的指導(dǎo)思想及基本原則121-123        6.1.1 指導(dǎo)思想121        6.1.2 基本原則121-123    6.2 中國石油產(chǎn)業(yè)政府管制調(diào)整123-130        6.2.1 自然壟斷性與競爭性業(yè)務(wù)相分離,上下游區(qū)別管制123-125        6.2.2 完善石油產(chǎn)業(yè)管制機(jī)構(gòu)和行為建設(shè)125-127        6.2.3 完善石油產(chǎn)業(yè)管制的法律體系127-128        6.2.4 建立高效率的價(jià)格機(jī)制128-130    6.3 中國石油產(chǎn)業(yè)市場開放及產(chǎn)業(yè)組織調(diào)整130-138        6.3.1 中國石油產(chǎn)業(yè)組織調(diào)整的目標(biāo)130-132        6.3.2 寡頭競爭市場結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)建步驟132-133        6.3.3 放開市場,引入競爭機(jī)制133-134        6.3.4 加強(qiáng)國家石油公司的競合134-136        6.3.5 增強(qiáng)我國石油企業(yè)國際競爭力136-138    6.4 本章小結(jié)138-1407 中國石油長慶油田市場開放與政府管制的案例分析140-148    7.1 長慶油田的發(fā)展簡介140-141    7.2 中石油集團(tuán)在“走出去”戰(zhàn)略下迅速發(fā)展141-143    7.3 長慶油田市場開放經(jīng)驗(yàn)143-146        7.3.1 開放市場,引入市場競爭機(jī)制143        7.3.2 強(qiáng)化競爭,依靠市場配置資源143-144        7.3.3 創(chuàng)新體制,推動(dòng)資源優(yōu)勢整合144        7.3.4 創(chuàng)新技術(shù),形成強(qiáng)大生產(chǎn)動(dòng)力144-145        7.3.5 創(chuàng)新管理,力促發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)變145-146    7.4 主要研究結(jié)論146-148中外文參考文獻(xiàn)148-152攻博期間發(fā)表的科研成果目錄152-153致謝153

參考文獻(xiàn)

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：中國石油產(chǎn)業(yè)的市場開放與政府管制研究，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。